精讲动词不定式

1、动词不定式及其用法,Grammar,一 动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形(do)”构成，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。To do 在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。,作主语,Tobeadoctorishard.,TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.,1. 做医生很难。,2.学好英语不容易。,Itishardtobeadoctor.,ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.,1.ItsgoodforustoreadEnglishin themorning. 2.Itisimport

2、antforstudentstouse Englisheveryday.,总结：如果知道动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。,作表语,My job is to teach English.,To see is to believe.,1. 我的工作是教英语。,2. 眼见为实。,动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。,作宾语,Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.,She wants to have a picnic.,1.他们每天早晨8点开始工作。,2. 她想要去野餐。,动词不定式（短语）可以

3、放在一些动词后面用作宾语。,注意： （1）如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to” 1.Hewantstogoandhaveaswimwithus. （2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。 IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou.,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, decide, agree, offer, refuse, start,want,forget,remember, show,learn,like,hate,love,ask等。,Remember!,e.g. we cant a

4、fford _(pay) for such a big house.,to buy,作宾补,She asked me to stay there.,1. 她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。,Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.,1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teach/allow sb.todosth.,如: He didnt allow us _ (smoke)in his house.,to smok

5、e,2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语： 1) Let/make/havesb.dosth. Lettheboygooutnow. 2)see/watch/hear/notice/feelsb.dosth.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballyesterday. 3) wouldrather ，hadbetter句型后 4) Why/whynot句型后,5）but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较： Hewantstodonothingbutgoout. 他只想出去玩。 Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttot

6、ake themedicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。,1. 如果上述结构变为被动语态, 原来不带to的不定式要加to。 如:I saw him go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看见他上楼去了。,Be careful!,注意1 :,2.带to的否定式是直接在to之前加not. Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet. 3.省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. Lettheboynotgo.,注意2,作定语,Do you have anything to say?,1. 你有什么要说的吗?

7、,2.她没有纸写字。,Shehasnopapertowriteon.,动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。,It seems that he has no pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with,注意,如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词， 其后应加上必要的介词 E.g. Hehasnohousetolivein. 他没有房子住。,不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. The meeting to be held tom

8、orrow is very important.,注意,作状语,He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jumped with joy to hear the news. Im too tired to walk any further tonight.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,目的状语: 常用的结构to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc. I come here to say good-bye to you. 结果状语: 常与only ,

9、enough 或too连用。 He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school. 原因状语: 一般用在句尾 Im glad to see you. She wept to see the sight.,不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer. Nooneknowshowtodoit. Ireallydontknowwhichonetochoose. Whenandwheretohavethepartyisnotknown.,与

10、疑问词连用,表语,宾语,表语,宾语,动词不定式的时态,1. He seems to know this.,2. I hope to see you next week.,. 一般式( to do ).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,.进行式( to be doing),1.He pretended to be working when I came in.,2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me passing him.,表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的

11、动作正在进行。,动词不定式的时态,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（to have done),1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,不定式的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。,动词不定式的语态,.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done),1. We want to learn English well.,2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know wh

12、at country he studied in. to have studied B.to study C. made D. to make,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.,动词不定式的语态,.被动式( to be done / to have been done),1. He didnt like to be laughed at.,2. He claimed _in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. being badly treated B.treating badly C. to be t

13、reated badly D. to have been badly treated.,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.,注意,B. 动词不定式之后可加疑问词，通常做主语，宾语。,Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,Can you tell me where to get the book?,注意,C. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to

14、 your party).,选择填空： 1. He asked me _ here earlier. come B. to come C. coming D. came 2. Please tell him _ on the wall. A. dont draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw 3. He wanted _ a cup of tea. to have B. having C. have D. had 4. Id like _ a word with you. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 5. I came here _ my uncle. A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be,6. The man refused （拒绝）_ back his words. A. to take B. taking C. took D. takes 7. I can let you _ one ticket. to have B. have C. having D. had 8.