四、六级讲座(听和选词).ppt

1、四、六级解读,四级时间安排 8:50 - 9:00/ 试音寻台时间 9：00 - 9：10/ 4:10 播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10 - 9: 40开始作文考试 30分钟 9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但 9：40才允许开始做) 9：40- 9：55做快速阅读部分 9：55-10：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读) 重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试 10：00-11：20 其它题目,六级时间安排,14：50-15：00 试音寻台时间 15：00-15：10 播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 15：10 取下耳机，开始作文考试 15：10-15：40 第一部分 写作 30分钟 一道题目

2、 15：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册（但15：40才允许开始做） 15：40-15：55 第二部分 快速阅读 15分钟十道题目 15：55-16：00 收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读） 15：55-16：00 重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试 16：00-16：35 第三部分 听力理解 35分钟 16：35-17：00 第四部分 仔细阅读 25分钟 A节 回答问题与填空 一篇文章 五道题目 B节 传统阅读 两篇文章 十道题目 17：00-17：15 第五部分 改错 15分钟 十道题目 17：15-17：20 第六部分 翻译 5分钟五道题目 17：20全部考试结束,试卷构成, 题型，分值和时间

3、分配,. listening (35m/ 35%) 1. short conversation (8个 - 8%） 2. long conversation (7个7%) 3. short passage (2篇，10题10%) 4. compound dictation (1篇10%) . Reading (40m/ 35%) 1. fast reading (10个10% 15m） 2. reading in depth (25m),1) filling blanks with selected words (四级10个-5%） 或 answering questions briefly

4、(六级5个5%) 2) passages (2篇/10题20%) . Cloze / Error correction (15m/ 10%) cloze (四/六级20个10%) Error correction (六级10个10%) . Writing (150words15%; 30m) . Translation (5个5%; 5m),Fast reading,快速阅读要求考生在15分钟内完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道题。前面7个题是判断正误(包括NOT GIVEN)，后3个是填空题(答案基本都是原文中出现的原词)。但近年来也有前面7题为选择题的。从而使考试的难度加大。 快速

5、阅读主要是训练skimming 和 scanning 的，一定要注意时间的分配和做题步骤。,做题步骤,Step one: global reading (skimming) 找出文章的中心思想和主要结构，勾画出主题句。 1. title of the article 2. subtitles 3. the first sentence of the text. 4. the first or last sentence of every part . 5. ignore the examples and detailed descriptions. 6. pay attention to th

6、e connection words.,Step two: detailed reading (scanning) 1. see the questions, mark the key words such as 人名、地名、时间、大写字母、拼写特别的词、较长的词等。 2. according the key words to spot the sentences concerning the questions in the text. Note: the questions are asked sequentially according to the sequence of the te

7、xt. 3. Read each sentence carefully to answer it. The new word in the text If it cannot affect your understanding of the main idea or the answering of the questions, ignore it.,Listening Comprehension,1. short conversation: 1) 先看题目，预测场景，关系等。 2) 边听边记住关键词和句以答题，注意对话的最后一句话。 3) 答题时要注意隐含的意思 2. long conver

8、sation: 1)先看题目，预测场景，关系等 2) 听时做适当的笔记，对于两者的寒暄等忽略，但特别要注意过渡词之后的内容，以及答话人的内容。抓住一些关键词。 3) 因为出题顺序与文章顺序，故可以一边看题一边听，同时在旁作相应笔记或作答。 4) 一般来说听到的就是答案，考隐含意思的较少。,3. Passages 1). 看题目，预测主要内容和涉及的领域。 2). 听文章的时候一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。每段和起始句以及连接词后连接的内容。另外，时间，数字，地点信息，原因和转折句也特别容易被考到。所以一定要作适当的笔记或头脑中记住这些信息。 3). 仔细听清题目作答。 4). 注意：因为文章可能

9、会涉及各个方面，所以要调动关于文章主题的常识。,4. Compound dictation: 一般是一篇200字左右的短文，中间有十一个空，1-8空要求填入所听到的单词，通常是难一点，长一点的四级词汇，而且一般都会是对实词的考察。9-11空是三个长句子，要求把听到的句子用自己的话写出来，只要意思接近，没有很大的语法错误即可。 （一）关于前8空：前8空的单词的出题标准很简单，即能够听懂，但是很容易写错。例如 typical被大部分人写成 tipical, describe被大部分人写成discribe environmental,很多人会忘记写n总之，拼写一定要注意。另外，前8空的单词也会涉及单

10、复数、时态、语态等多种变化。此类变化完全属于语法技巧，和听力基本脱钩，所以，建议在听完后一定要对应前后文进行检查。,（二） 关于后三空：对于后三空，建议不要听到什么就写什么，而按照考试要求的第二种方式，即按照自己的话把要点写下来进行填写。 1. 由长到短，由难到易 1) 名词或名字转代词。 eg. because all of the equipments were too big for the then five-year old student (98.) Because the equipments were big for him 2）修饰变无 eg. the train is so

11、mewhat behind schedule The train is late 3) 句式转换 (长句转短句，被动句转为主动句) eg. the baby waited to arrive until we got to the hospital. the baby was born when we arrived.,做题具体步骤 （1）利用间隙，浏览全文，积极预测 (2)听第一遍时，主攻单词，并尽量听清句子的大概意思，如可能，写下句子关键实词。 （3）听第二遍时，主攻长句，用简写等方式或用图形、符号记录下内容就行关键是记下实词。 (4) 听第三遍时，听没有听明白或没有记录下来的词或句。如果

12、都已记下，就重点检查、修正记录内容。,5）听音结束后，应根据上下文做全面的补充性检查.进一步核实句子、结构、语法、单复数形式及拼写是否有错误。 （6）提高记笔记的效率 首先，可使用缩略语。其次，应有选择地记笔记，记下实义词，中心词。 另外，因为只要求写出内容要点，可以用简单词代难词，长句转短句等方法。,选词填空（四级）,一)选词填空考什么？ 1.词汇：实词(抽象名词、动词、形容词、副词) 2.语法：句子结构分析能力 3.逻辑：上下文联系 二)解题步骤 1.直奔选项，标识词性 2. 细读文章开篇及各段主题句，把握主题及结构。 3.分析并选择： 单句：确定其成分结合选项的词性和意义选择。 句群或复

13、杂句：结合前后逻辑关系，句子结构和意义，以及固定搭配等选取相应的词。 4. 通读全文，复核检查。,解题口诀,1) 跳读全文，抓住中心 2) 阅读选项，词性分类 3) 瞻前顾后，灵活选择 4) 复读全文，谨慎调整,A) shut E) regularly I) which M) to B) when F) grew J) sentiment N) grown C) how G) add K) but O) stop D) clarity H) sadly L) Later,Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry about the

14、collecting of those fascinating animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that are always asked of me is 47) _ I became an animal collector in the first place. The answer is that I have always been interested in animals. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say w

15、ith 48)_ was not the conventional “mamma” or “daddy.”,A) shut E) regularly I) which M) to B) when F) grew J) sentiment N) grown C) how G) add K) but O) stop D) clarity H) sadly L) Later,49)_ the word “zoo”, which I would repeat over and over again with a shrill voice until someone, in order to 50)_

16、me up, would take me to the zoo. When I 51)_ a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great number of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time exploring the countryside in search of fresh specimen to 52) _ to my collection of pets. 53) _ on I want for a year to the C

17、ity Zoo, as a student aide, to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison ostriches, (54) _ were not easy to keep at home.,A) shut E) regularly I) which M) to B) when F) grew J) sentiment N) grown C) how G) add K) but O) stop D) clarity H) sadly L) Later,When I left, I successf

18、ully had enough money of my own to be able to finance my first trip. I have been traveling 55)_ ever since then. Though a collectors job is not an easy one and is full of disappointments. It is certainly a job which will appeal 56) _ all those who love animals and travel.,keys,47. C 48. D 49.K 50.A

19、51. F 52. G 53.J 54.I 55.E 56.M,Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47) _ it. They find the writing process 48) _ and difficult. How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it - 4

20、9)_ English, with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50) _ mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they cant write, I know as a teacher my _is to show them the rest of the room.,A) closer E) enormous I) painful M) require

21、B) daily F) especially J) performance N) sensitive C) emotional G) hinder K) profession O) urge D) enhance H) mission L) remarkably,My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52）_ the moral and emotional development of my students. One great way t

22、o do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53)_, just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice.,A) closer E) enormous I) painful M)

23、require B) daily F) especially J) performance N) sensitive C) emotional G) hinder K) profession O) urge D) enhance H) mission L) remarkably,I often see a rise in student confidence and 54) after only a few weeks of journal writing. Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I

24、teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55)_ lives. They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of surely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day t

25、hat they write in their journals puts them a step 56)_ to fluency, eloquence, and command of language.,A) closer E) enormous I) painful M) require B) daily F) especially J) performance N) sensitive C) emotional G) hinder K) profession O) urge D) enhance H) mission L) remarkably,Keys（2009，6）,47) M 48

26、) I 49) F 50) E 51) H 52) D 53) B 54) J 55) C 56) A,A) droughts E) seriously I) environment M) assistB) estimated F) situation J) concluding N) declareC) economically G) budget K) allowance O) resist D) previous H) precious L) deadly,We are now firmly in the Age of Extreme Weather. According to the

27、Center for Research on Disasters, there have been more than four times as many weather-related disasters in the last 30 years than in the 47)_ 75 years. Last year, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued reports 48)_ that human influences, such as greenhouse gas emissions, have more lik

28、ely than not contributed to this increase.,Furthermore, a White House report about the effect of global climate change in the United States issued Thursday that the 49)_ will probably get worse: in addition to temperature extremes, future hurricanes will become more intense, with higher peak speeds.

29、 This increase is 50)_ and disruptiveand could become 51)_ unbearable, according to the National Hurricane Center, 10 of 30 costliest American hurricanes have struck since 2000, even after adjusting the figures for inflation and the cost of construction. In 2005, the year of Hurricane Katrina, the 5

30、2)_ damage from storms in the United States was $121 billion.,A) droughts E) seriously I) environment M) assistB) estimated F) situation J) concluding N) declareC) economically G) budget K) allowance O) resist D) previous H) precious L) deadly,About $3 billion has been allocated to 53)_ farmers who

31、suffer losses because of 54)_, floods and tornadoes among other things. And, a recent report in The Denver Post said the Forest Service plans to spend 45 percent, or $1.9 billion, of its 55)_ this year fighting forest fires. This surge in disasters and attendant costs is yet another reason we need t

32、o 56)_ a coordinated war on climate change.,A) droughts E) seriously I) environment M) assistB) estimated F) situation J) concluding N) declareC) economically G) budget K) allowance O) resist D) previous H) precious L) deadly,Keys 47. D 48.J 49. F 50.L 51.C 52. B 53.M 54.A 55.G 56.N,简答题,一)简答题考什么？ 英语

33、四、六级考试的简答题通常是一篇文章，其难度和长度与阅读理解的短文相当，要求读后回答5个所提的问题或补足不完整的句子。要求考生阅读后用简短的英语(一般要求不超过10个词)回答问题或补足不完整的句子，每题2分，共计10分。 二）评分原则和标准 1本题虽为简答题，但回答不全面者扣分。 2. 有自相矛盾之处扣分。 3.完全照抄原文句子者扣分，照抄一句扣半分，照抄 两句和两句以上零分。 4.答非所问者扣分。 5.答多者扣分。 6.正确的回答里有语法错误部分扣分。 7.回答多余部分如有语法错误的同样扣分。,三）怎样做题： 考试时间为十五分钟，建议考生做题大体时间采取7-5-3制，即7分钟阅读文章，5分钟答

34、题，3分钟核对， 1. 仔细阅读问题，即审题，找出问题中的关键词。 2. 带着问题阅读文章，在文中标出与问题相关的关键词。 3. 回答问题。应注意以下几点： 1）运用简洁的表达方式 概括能力是简答题测试的重要内容之一，因此用词要简洁、准确，不要拖泥带水。题目要求“answer in the fewest possible words”，这就意味着能用词概括的就不用短语，能用短语的尽量不用句子，能用简单句概括的就避免使用复合句。做到这一点便能赢得时间，防止笔误或其他错误，如语法错误等。,2）注意提问方式与答案的协调性 不同类型的问题要求不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形

35、式上的对应。例如问目的时，答案就应当用表示目的的用语，如for短语、不定式短语; 问原因时，就要用because等。 3）掌握问题的类型作不同的回答 主题概括性 ：把握中心思想，简短归纳做答 具体细节型 ：找准出处，根据上下文，准确简要回答具体的事实、时间、地点、人物、同义词、反义词、目的、内容、区别等细节问题。 4）.避免语言错误 组织答案要认真细致，避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语；尽可能利用原文中的关键词语回答问题；书写要规范、认真，注意回答问题时首字母的大小写问题。 4. 认真检查核对。 检查是否答非所问，是否有语法错误，是否文字超过等,Every one who loves choc

36、olate knows that to get a chocolate out of a box demands a considerable amount of unpacking: The box has to be taken out of its paper bag; the plastic wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened and the packing paper inside removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of

37、paper. Similarly a pot of face cream comes surrounded by layers of paper, wedged inside a cardboard box, and the whole thing wrapped tightly in plastic. It is not only luxuries which are wrapped in this way.,47. Why it is very hard to get a chocolate or face cream out of its box?,With so many goods

38、now produced centrally and sold in supermarkets it is becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything from nails to potatoes that is not already done up in plastic or paper. The wrapper itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for muc

39、h of the 31 pounds in weight of rubbish put out by the average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the wrapping on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is stupid.,48. What is the attitude of the shoppers towards the wrapper? 49. The

40、 author thinks the wrapping, except that on meat or the alike, is only for _.,Packaging is using up scarce energy and raw materials and ruining all the time. One big firm reports that its glass, aluminum and paper have all gone up by 30 percent in the last couple of months, while plastic has increas

41、ed by 50 percent and all these prices are still rising. This seems as yet to have had surprisingly little effect on the packaging practice of manufacturers. Little research is being carried out on the costs in energy and materials of other possible types of packaging. Just how practical is it, for i

42、nstance, for local authorities to save waste paper and remanufacture it as egg boxes? Would it be cheaper to plant another forest to produce new paper? One reason for the unorganized behavior of everyone concerned is probably the varied nature of the packaging industry. So many people, with so many

43、different interests of their own, are affected that it is extremely hard to reach any agreement on what should be done. What is worse, packagers may not realize that preserving forests and preventing waste is of their concern.,50. Too much useless packaging is not only exhausting precious energy 48.

44、 They have no interest in it. 49. competitive selling 50. ruining all the time 51. many different interests.,If movie trailers (预告片) are supposed to cause a reaction, the preview for “United 93” more than succeeds. Featuring no famous actors, it begins with images of a beautiful morning and passenge

45、rs boarding an airplane. It takes you a minute to realize what the movies even about. Thats when a plane hits the World Trade Center. The effect is visceral (震撼人心的). When the trailer played before “Inside Man” last week at a Hollywood theater, audience members began calling out, “Too soon!” In New Y

46、ork City, the response was even more dramatic. The Loews theater in Manhattan too the rare step of pulling the trailer from its screens after several complaints.,47. The trailer for “United 93” succeeded in _ when it played in the theaters in Hollywood and New York City.,“United 93” is the first fea

47、ture film to deal explicitly with the events of September 11, 2001, and is certain to ignite an emotional debate. Is is too soon? Should the film have been made at all? More to the point, will anyone want to see it? Other 9/11 projects are on the way as the fifth anniversary of the attacks approache

48、s, most notably Oliver Stone “World Trade Center”. But as the forerunner, “Untied 93” will take most of the heat, whether it deserves it or not.,48. The movie “United 93 is sure to give rise to_.,The real United 93 crashed in a Pennsylvania field after 40 passengers and crew fought back against the

49、terrorists. Writer-director Paul Greengrass has gone to great lengths to be respectful in his depiction of what occurred, proceeding with the film only after securing the approval of every victims family. “Was I surprised at the agreement? Yes. Very. Usually therere one or two families whore more re

50、luctant,” Greengrass writes in an e-mail. “I was surprised at the extraordinary way the United 93 families have welcomed us into their lives and shared their experiences with us.” Carole OHare, a family member, say, “They were very open and honest with us, and they made us a part of this whole proje

51、ct.”,49. What did writer director Paul Greengrass obtain before he proceeded with the movie?,Universal, which is releasing the film, plans to donate 10% of its opening weekend gross to the Flight93 National Memorial Fund. That hasnt stopped criticism that the studio is exploiting a national tragedy.

52、 O Hare thinks thats unfair. “This story has to be told to honor the passengers and crew for what they did, ” she says. “But more than that, it raises awareness. Our ports arent secure. Our borders arent secure. Our airlines still arent secure, and this is what happens when youre not secure. Thats t

53、he message I want people to hear.”,50. Universal, which is releasing “Untied 93”, has been criticized for_. 51. Carole OHare thinks that besides honoring the passengers and crew for what they did, the purpose of telling the story is _ about the security.,Keys (2008, 6) 47. causing a reaction 48. an

54、emotional debate. 49. The approval of every victims family 50. exploiting a national tragedy 51. raise awareness.,汉译英,四六级考试的最后一个阶段是翻译，5分钟处理5个句子。名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，其中隐含着四/六级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。故一方面要注意做题步骤，另一方面要善于总结相关的考点，当然平时学习中一定要掌握好有关的短语。,怎样做题,1. 审题：理解全句意思，分析句子

55、结构以确定翻译部分在文中的成份，为主语, 谓语，宾语还是状语，从而确定所用词的语性等 . 2. 猜想所要考的语法点。 3. 考虑适当的时态及语态并翻译 4. 对照检查是否成句，时态语态单复数等是否一致。,Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either. 1.句中所缺为从句的一部分。 2.所考的语法点有二： 第一， “not onlybut”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装句的标志。 第二，“收费过高”的翻译。 “收费”“charge”。“过高”则往往使用too high或too much, 由于主体内容是金钱

56、而不是温度， 故用“much”。更加巧妙的用词是“overcharge”。 3. 时态应该是过去式 4. 翻译 did he overcharge me或 did he charge me too much,考点归纳 1. 让步状语从句或表让步的状语 引导词：although, though, even though, even if, as, wh-ever (whatever, whenever, whoever, etc.), no matter, whetheror, despite, regardless of eg. I will definitely do it, even if

57、 it takes me a week. eg. Difficult as the task was, they managed to accomplish it . 1) Carl is the one who loves his wife most in the world, so _无论她日常怎么抱怨，he is always listening with patience. no matter how she complains in daily life,2) On arriving at home, _他不顾长途旅行劳累，Eon rushed into backyard to se

58、e his cats. regardless of his tiredness/ fatigue from long travel 3) _即便是你对这种疾病免疫，you should also take some protective measures lest you carry it around. even if you are immune to this disease 4) _无论我父亲每天多累， he still perseveres with his calligraphy lessons. No matter how tired my father is every day,2. 比较状语从语及比较/选择结构 引导词：asas, not so/as.as, more/ erthan, woud ratherthan， rather than , more adj/ ermore adj./er, compared with eg. Usually we have less money at the end of the month than