高考英语语法定语从句的优质课件

1、By Mo Lingqiao,定语从句高考考点例析 The best way you can get,The Attributive Clause,历年高考中，相对集中地考 查定语从句引导词，特别是 非限制性定语从句的引导及 关系代词和关系副词的选用。 涉及的题型有单项填空、 完型填空和短文改错。,Teaching Aims,1 To review common knowledge on the Attributive Clauses. 2 To develop the ability to use the Attributive Clauses.,基础知识,1.定语从句：是指在复合句中， 修

2、饰 或 的从句. 2.被定语从句所修饰的名词 或代词叫做“ ”. 3.引导定语从句的词 叫“ ”.,基础知识,名词,代词,先行词,关系词,How many kinds of Attributive Clauses are there?,基础知识,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句,基础知识,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。,和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行

3、词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。,引导定语从句的关系词,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who，whom，that which，that whose，of which where when why,关系代词,关系副词,基础知识,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词,关系 代词,关系 副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)， that(主语、宾语), whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语) whose(定语),where (地点状语),when

4、 (时间状语),why (原因状语),基础知识,定语从句考点归纳,定语从句考点归纳,2.that和which的选择,3.as与which的定语从句,4.关系代词前介词的确定,1.如何判定用关系代词还是关系副词,考点一:如何判定用关系代词 还是用关系副词,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。,I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you). Do you remember the lake _ (you first met your girlfriend.） Please give me the

5、reason _ (you made such a great success).,when,where,why,考点一:如何判定用关系代词 还是用关系副词,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。,Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live). The house _(they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.,_,_,_,_,where,in which,which/ that,考点

6、一:如何判定用关系代词 还是用关系副词,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。,Kunming is a beautiful place _( flowers are seen all the year round). The window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.,where,Which/that,考点二：that和which的选择,(1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在 下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。,当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, som

7、ething, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,考点二：that和which的选择, 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时：,Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,This is the best book (that) Iv

8、e ever read.,This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.,考点二：that和which的选择,先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。,That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find.,考点二：that和which的选择, 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)

9、和which引导。如：,He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.,考点二：that和which的选择,先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。,Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? What that is on the table belong

10、s to me?,考点二：that和which的选择,（2）只用which的情况,Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用 介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个 主句或主句的某一部分。 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it,B,B,考点

11、三：as与which引导的定语从句,1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句。如：,As we all know, his parents were killed i

12、n the war.,As we all know, the earth is round.,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,3.用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. 你跟我说的这些书都很有趣。 This is the same book as I lent you yesterday. 这跟我昨天借给你的书一模一样。,4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think,

13、 want, suppose等。,He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he thought.,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,5. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late a

14、gain, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.,3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习

15、惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,5. whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house,

16、whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which opens to the south.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。 eg.

17、1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.,能力提高,1.记好各项关系词的意义。 2.分析好关系词在句中的作用。 3.准确确定先行词。,解题技巧：,实战高考题,practice,1.【考例1】 All_ is useful to us is good. （10全国II）,A、which B、what C、that D、whether,practice,3、She wi

18、ll never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing. (11全国I),A、when B、what C、which D、why,practice,4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago. （10全国II）,A、that B、when C、which D、where,practice,【考例1】My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. （09全国II）,A. which B. that C. where D. it,pr

19、actice,【考例2】She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. （2009全国I）,A.them B. who C. whom D. these,practice,【考例3】The road accidents there turned out to be very good; _ was more than we could expect. （2008全国II卷） it B. what C. which D. that,practice,【考例4】The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. (2004全国I) for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. The man