Lesson 3 冠词、代词和数词课件

1、Chapters 6-7,Determiners,Lesson 3,1,学习交流PPT,Determiners refer to words which are used in the premodification of a noun phrase and which typically precede any adjectives that premodify the head word of the noun phrase.,2,学习交流PPT,Determiner: 名词词组中对名词中心词起,Specific reference Generic reference Definite q

2、uantity Indefinite quantity,等限定作用的词类。,Referential meaning,3,学习交流PPT,Determiners in English:,Articles (definite, indefinite, zero) Possessive determiner Genitive noun Demonstrative determiner Relative determiner Interrogative determiner Indefinite determiner Cardinal numeral and ordinal numeral Multi

3、plicative numeral and fractional numeral Quantifier,4,学习交流PPT,Which is acceptable?,a nice man nice a man a good man these good man,5,学习交流PPT,Differences between determiners and adjectives,a nice man (Determiner + Adjective + Head) * nice a man (not acceptable),Determiners usually precede adjectives

4、in premodification.,6,学习交流PPT,2. The choice of determiners is often determined by the head word of the noun phrase, while the choice of adjectives is not determined by the head word.,7,学习交流PPT,a/the good man, (a/the premodifies a noun in singular form) *these good man few/many good people, (few/many

5、 premodifies a noun in plural form),8,学习交流PPT,little/much good coal (little/much premodifies a noun in singular form) *little good people (not acceptable) Compare: a little girl little here is an adjective, not a determiner.,9,学习交流PPT,3. Determiners determine the head word by identifying or quantify

6、ing, while adjectives describe the head word by showing its characteristics.,10,学习交流PPT,little good coal, a little girl my old books, three English books, the little bird,11,学习交流PPT,people old and young, *people many or few,4. Adjectives can postmodify the head word, while determiners (except enough

7、) cannot.,12,学习交流PPT,bigger, cleverer (inflectional change) more intelligent, more beautiful (periphrastic/analytic change),Adjectives have comparative forms, while determiners (except few, little, many and much) do not.,13,学习交流PPT,One way of identifying a determiner,the red cap The cap is red. the

8、very cap *The cap is very. (not acceptable),14,学习交流PPT,Which determiners do we use, and in what order?,three, his, the, other, all, more, students,15,学习交流PPT,限定词与三类名词的搭配关系,前位、中位、后位限定词 predeterminer: central determiner postdeterminer,限定词与限定词的搭配关系,16,学习交流PPT,What kind of determiners are and are not mu

9、tually exclusive?,Predeterminers, central determiners and postdeterminers are not mutually exclusive. all the other students (predeterminer + central determiner + postdeterminer) all the three other students (predeterminer + central determiner + postdeterminer + postdeterminer),17,学习交流PPT,all the st

10、udents (predeterminer + central determiner) all other students (predeterminer + postdeterminer) the other students (central determiner + postdeterminer),18,学习交流PPT,Predeterminers or central determiners are mutually exclusive.,* all half the students (not acceptable2 predeterminers) *all the his stud

11、ents (not acceptable2 central determiners),19,学习交流PPT,several hundred students (postdeterminer + postdeterminer) two more applications (postdeterminer + postdeterminer) the last few days (central determiner + postdeterminer + postdeterminer),Postdeterminers are not mutually exlusive.,20,学习交流PPT,Are

12、they acceptable?,his this friend my a friend/a my friend,21,学习交流PPT,*his this friend (not acceptable) this friend of his *my a friend/a my friend (not acceptable) a friend of mine,22,学习交流PPT,Articles,For generic reference For specific reference,23,学习交流PPT,Generic reference,The panda is a rare animal

13、. (definite article) The snake is a reptile. (definite article) I wish I had a dog of my own. (indefinite article) Pandas are rare animals (zero article + plural form of a noun) A car is more expensive than a bicycle. (= Any cars any bicycle.) An air-conditioner is more expensive than an electric fa

14、n. (Any air-conditioner . any electric fan),24,学习交流PPT,Compare:,The air-conditioner is popular in Macau. Air-conditioners are popular in Macau. * An air-conditioner has become popular in Macau. (not acceptable) but possible to say: An air-conditioner is more expensive than an electric fan.,25,学习交流PP

15、T,Specific reference,the moon, the earth (uniqueness) The panda gave birth to a baby last night. (definite specific reference) A dog charged at me when I was on my way home last night. (indefinite specific reference),26,学习交流PPT,Anaphoric specific reference后照应特指,He ordered a book some time ago. The b

16、ook has now arrived.,27,学习交流PPT,Cataphoric specific reference前照应特指,Please tell us the story of Franklin. Is this the train for Shanghai? Here is the student I told you about.,28,学习交流PPT,Situational specific reference语境特指,Whats in the paper today? Whats on the radio? Shut the door, please. How is the

17、 cough today? He turned on the radio.,29,学习交流PPT,Chapters 8-9,Pronouns (+ Numerals),30,学习交流PPT,Some Usages of Pronouns,Word order you and I; you and me; Tom and I; my friend and me But possible: I and my wife; I and my sister I gave the money to him. I gave him the money. I made it (a cake) for her

18、I made her a cake.,31,学习交流PPT,Subject case or object case?,Who sent the letter? Me. What! Me fight a big chap like him? Not me! What! Me accept a present from him? I never even speak to him. Me learn shorthand! Not me! I should hate it. Say you. Say me. Say together. What would you do if you were hi

19、m? Open the door, please. Its me.,32,学习交流PPT,comparison,It was he who planned my marriage. It is we who should be grateful to him. It is us they are talking about. Such men as he are intolerable.I cannot tolerate such men as him. Nobody but she can solve our problems.I want nobody but him. Everyone

20、except I agreed to take the job. 5. All the students major in physics except him.,33,学习交流PPT,Indefinite Personal Pronouns:one; you; they; your; his; her; its; our; your; their; mine; yours; his; hers; its own; ours; yours; theirs,37,学习交流PPT,Some usages of possessive pronouns,With best wishes for you

21、 and yours. (your family) Happy New Year to you and yours from me and mine. (my family) Yours, Ah Q Yours sincerely , Ah Q truly/faithfully/lovingly,38,学习交流PPT,Demonstrative Pronouns: this; that; these; those; such,This is Johnny. Is that Susan? (telephone) This is my sister. (introduction) That wil

22、l do for today. ., thats all.,39,学习交流PPT,He talked the whole morning about his adventures and all that. We had a better man for the job, and a more experienced one at that (=as well). The work is hard and monotonous. For all that (=However), it must be done. With that (=Then), he turned on his heel

23、and fled. They have better facilities than us, but what of that?,40,学习交流PPT,Work and play are both necessary to health: this (=the latter) gives us rest, and that (=the former) gives us energy. Dogs are more faithful than cats: these (=the latter) attach themselves to places, and those (=the former)

24、 to persons.,41,学习交流PPT,- “Is he a great editor?” - “It has been customary to regard him as such.” (=as a great editor) Please send us more of your latest samples, if such are still available. (= your latest samples),42,学习交流PPT,Interrogative Pronouns: who; whom; whose; which; what,Who is your favour

25、ite singer? (indefinite) Which is your favourite singer (of these singers)? (definite) Which of the singers do you like best? (definite),43,学习交流PPT,What is your favourite food? (indefinite) Which is your favourite food, rice or noodles? (definite) Which of the novels do you like best? (definite) cf.

26、: What is your favourite type of music?,44,学习交流PPT,Numerals,How do we say these? 五萬 (50,000) fifty thousand 十一萬五千 (115,000) one hundred and fifteen thousand 一億二千三百萬 (123,000,000) one hundred and twenty three million 十億 (1,000,000,000) one thousand million (Brt.); one billion (Am.),45,学习交流PPT,Numeral

27、s,How do we say these? 五萬 (50,000) fifty thousand 十一萬五千 (115,000) one hundred and fifteen thousand 一億二千三百萬 (123,000,000) one hundred and twenty three million 十億 (1,000,000,000) one thousand million (Brt.); one billion (Am.),46,学习交流PPT,1st; 2nd; 3rd; 4th(fourth); 12th (twelfth,) 40th (fortieth); 42nd

28、; 101st: the (one) hundred and first The Chang Jiang River is the fourth longest river in the world. the first two chapters; the second two chapters (chapters 3-4),47,学习交流PPT,If: per capita income in 1993 = 100; per capita income in 1994 = 400 Then:,48,学习交流PPT,The per capita income in 1994 was four

29、times as much as that of 1993. The per capita income in 1994 was (400,) four times that of 1993. The per capita income in 1994 was four times what it had been in 1993. The per capita income increased fourfold in the year 1993-1994.,49,学习交流PPT,The per capita income in 1994 was 400, a fourfold increase in the space of one year. The per capi