Westward Movement and American Civil War西进运动.ppt

1、Westward Movement,period: between the early 17th and late 19th centuries Anglo-American peoples and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast across what was often called the American frontier.,Reasons: material view of the land and its animals and plants Material richnes

2、s: land, timber, beaver, buffalo,Northwest,Southwest,Rocky Mountains,Pacific Coast,Middle West,Florida,Southeast,Northeast,New York State,The two major mountain ranges,1. The Louisiana Purchase,In 1803 the US bought 2.6million square km from France for $15 million. 1 acre/3cents, size doubled. Napol

3、eon used the money to finance his wars in Europe. He also hoped to secure the US as an ally against England. The land in the Louisiana Purchase constitutes 23% of todays USA.,The Louisiana Purchase,的,The Louisiana Purchase,The Purchase was one of several territorial additions to the U.S.,The Louisia

4、na Purchase,The purchase was a vital moment in the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. At the time, it faced domestic opposition as being possibly unconstitutional. Although he felt that the US Constitution did not contain any provisions for acquiring territory, Jefferson decided to purchase Louisiana b

5、ecause he felt uneasy about France and Spain having the power to block American trade access to the port of New Orleans.,The Louisiana Purchase,Cultivation of a Potential Rival of the British Napoleon Bonaparte, upon completion of the agreement, stated, “This accession of territory affirms forever t

6、he power of the United States, and I have given England a maritime rival who sooner or later will humble her pride.”,(18041806) 1804, President Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the vast Louisiana. Though Jefferson stated the goal was to find a direct an individuals

7、 right to settle land first and pay later. After the war, preemption became national policy but was not signed into law. In 1862, the Homestead Act was passed and signed into law. This Act provided that any person who claimed a plot of public land , or a homestead, on the Great Plains and farmed it

8、for 5 years would be given 160 acres. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 attracted settlers farther west, and farms sprang up all across Midwest. Nearly 2 million people moved to the plains in the 1870s and worked tirelessly to establish their farms.,Great challenges: =Wind, bli

9、zzards, and plagues of insects threatened crops. =Open plains meant few trees for building, forcing many to build homes out of sod. = Limited fuel and water supplies could turn simple cooking and heating into difficult trials. =scarce natural vegetation made raising livestock on the prairie difficul

10、t. =They did everything they could to survive (tending to each other in sickness ,working as midwives) (In all, 20,000 died on their way to the west, 10 graves every mile),5.Negative Effects,Indians: The trail of the exiles was a trail of death. 1830. President Andrew Jackson declares a new policy (

11、Indian Removal Act ). According to the Act, Indian tribes were all forced off their nations and moved on to reservations(保留地). A US Army Private writes: The sufferings of the Cherokee were awful. The trail of the exiles was a trail of death. They slept in the wagons and on the ground without fire. I

12、 saw as many as 20 die in a single night of pneumonia, and cold exposure.,The Trail of Tears,American Indians Today,2.5 million still live in the US.(vs. 10million before Eu.came) About 1/3 live on reservations or traditional lands. Most live in urban settings outside of traditional Indian culture.,

13、561 federally recognized tribal governments, have rights to enforce laws, to tax, to establish requirements for membership, to license, regulate activities In 2000, 8/10 Ame. with Native Ame. ancestry were of mixed blood.,5.Negative Effects,Westward expansion left scars on the environment. In the186

14、0s the 30 million or so buffalo that had roamed the plains were cut down drastically because they competed with the pioneers livestock for grassland. They were increasingly hunted for their meat and their hides. The land suffered too. Hydraulic mining水力采金 used tore riverbeds apart in the gold rush.,

15、Biological disaster following waves of settlements of Europeans,Extinction of Northern American Megafauna巨型动物群Facing extinction American Bison California Condor (大兀鹰 ) Bald eagle,6. Some American values developed from American Westward Expansion experience,Many people are still fascinated by the fro

16、ntier because it has been particularly important in shaping American values.,cowboy image,American values developed from American Westward Expansion (Unit5),1. Self-reliance 自力更生 2.The rugged individualism 3. Inventiveness and the can-do spirit 4. Equality of opportunity,American Civil War,Productio

17、n in Different Ways,The South - Plantation,The North- Industry,The Reason for the War,By the middle of 19th century, the differences between the North and the South had extended, especially for the economic foundation. The North was an industrial society free labor was needed. The South was plantati

18、onslaved people were kept.,The Conflict Between the North and the South?, The issue of abolishment of Slavery,英国,（北方）,（南方）,输出棉花、烟草等原料,输入工业品,资本主义工商业经济,奴隶制种植园经济,奴隶制的存废问题 矛盾焦点：,南方与北方矛盾,北方得不到原料,北方得不到 自由劳动力,Lincoln Was Elected the President,In presidential election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected th

19、e President of U.S. He was against the slavery The eleven states in the South announced their independence from the Union. The American Civil War Began,The 16th President,The Confederate V.S The Union,The Confederate refers to the South The Union refers to the North At this time, there were two gove

20、rnments, two presidents and two armies in the U.S,The War Broke Out,In April 1861, the Confederate Provoked the war. The North was much stronger than the South. The North included 23 states, while the South included 11 states. The North had 22 million people, but the South had only 9 million. But at

21、 the beginning, the South was in the upper hand.,文件传真,Homestead Act and Proclamation of Emancipation,Homestead Act and Proclamation of Emancipation,In May 1862, Lincoln issued the Home Act. It made more people support the Lincoln government and encouraged more people to participate in the war to go

22、against the South. In September 1862, Proclamation of Emancipation was issued by Lincoln. It set slaves free, so many black people joined the Union.,Gettysburg Battle,In July 1863, the Union defeated the Confederate at Gettysburg. It was a turning point of the Civil War. Lincoln gave his famous spee

23、ch “Gettysburg Address”,（葛底斯堡战役）,Gettysburg Address,“我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。”,that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.,The End of Civil War,In April 1865, General Lee from Confederate Amy su