【语法】主谓一致 精讲(含练习).ppt

1、主谓一致,概念,原则,高考题,练习,主谓一致,主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫做主谓一致。,主谓一致的概念,语法一致,意义一致,就近一致,(1) A girl is singing there. (2)The desks are green.,(1)His family are waiting for him. (2)My family is a large one.,(1)You or he is wrong. (2)Only one out of five were present.,原则,(1)The girl is singing. (2)The desks are green. (3

2、)You like swimming, but she likes dancing., 语法一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。, 意义一致 主语形式虽是单数，但表示复数意义，谓语动词采用复数形式；主语形式虽是复数但表示单数意义，谓语动词也采用单数形式。,(1)His family are waiting for him. (2)My family is a large one., 就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。,(1)You or he is wrong. (2)Only one out of five are prese

3、nt.,（1）.单数主语即使后面有由with, along, together, like, but, expect, besides, as well as, more than, rather than, including, in addition to 引导的短语，谓语动词用单数如：,（2)用and 或bothand连接的并列主语，谓语动词常用复数.但如果主语指的是同一个人，同一件事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数.,（3）不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：,(4)用 and连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词 用单数。,each of

4、+ 复数代词，谓语动用单数。 复数代词+each，谓语动词用复数。如,语法一致,Each boy and each girl is clever.,They each have seen the movie.,语法一致,（5）. none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，但在代表不可数的东西时总时看作单数，因而谓语要用单数。如：,语法一致,（6）.名词如：trousers, scissors,clothes,goods, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。如：,语法一致,（7）.形复意单名词如：news,physics,mathematics,economics,the U

5、nited States,the New Times, Arabian Nights,the united Nations. 谓语动词要用单数。如：,语法一致,（8）a number of +复数名词”谓语动词要用复数， “the number of +名词”等作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数。如:,语法一致,（9） .百分数（或分数）+可数名词单数（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数。:如,10. one and a half + 复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式.如:,One and a half bananas is left on the

6、table. 有一根半香蕉留在桌子上.,语法一致,(11). more than one 或many a + 单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,语法一致,More than one child is playing the game. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.,12. this kind of + 复数名词作主语, 谓语用单数. 复数名词 + of this kind作主语, 谓语用复数. 如:,This kind of shoes is worth 50 yuan. Shoes of this kind are worth

7、 50 yuan.,语法一致,语法一致,13. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致.如:,There is a book on the table. Between the two houses lies a car.,(14). either, neither, someone, something, somebody, anyone, nobody等单独作主语或修饰主语时, 谓语通常用单数,语法一致,Either of them has a pen. Neither is green. Neither pen is green. 4. Somebody wants to s

8、ee you.,1. Nobody _ (like) to spend time on a boring thing. 2. A doctor together with two nurses _ (sent) to help in the work. 3. Getting up early _ (make) us healthy. 4. A number of students _ (be) absent yesterday. 5. The number of students in our school _ (be) increasing.,likes,was sent,makes,wer

9、e,is,6. _ (be) there anything I can eat in the kitchen? 7. Every teacher and student_ (have) good reason to be proud of their school. 8. None of the materials _ (be) conductors. 9. About two-thirds of his property _ (be) lost in the flood. 10. The news _ (make) her very happy.,Is,has,are,was,makes,意

10、义一致,意义一致,意义一致,(2),意义一致,(3),4.某些集体名词, 如family, team ,audience, class, club, company, crew, crowd, group, government, public, staff, population等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式如：,意义一致,My family is large. (看作一个整体） My family all like music.(指家庭中一个个成员之和),5. 单复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则.作单数意义时,谓语

11、动词用单数，反之,谓语动词用复数.这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means, works, Chinese, Japanese 等如：,意义一致,A fish is in the basin. Some fish are in the basin. This shoe works was set up in 1980. Those shoe works were all set up in 1980.,意义一致,6,意义一致,7.名词性物主代词作主语时,根据它所替代的是单数还是复数来决定谓语的单复数,Theirs is a big classroom. Your bags

12、are black and mine are brown.,意义一致,8. such, the same起指示代词的作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单复数,Such is my hope. Such are his gifts.,意义一致,9.关系代词which, who, that 在定语从句中作主语时，其意思相当于前面的先行词, 故其后从句的谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词保持一致如:,This is the girl who lives next door. The flowers that were planted in the garden by her were very beautif

13、ul.,10. 疑问代词who, what, which 作主语时，谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数,意义一致,Who lives next door? Its Xiao Li. Who live next door? Its Zhang and li.,意义一致,11. 在One of + 复数名词+ 定语从句的结构 中, 从句的谓语动词用复数形式. 而在the only one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中, 从句的谓语动词用单数形式.,Tom was one of the boys who were invited to the dinner. He was the

14、only one of the boys who was from the U.S.A.,1. He is one of the students who _ (have) been abroad. 2. He is the only one of the students who _ (have) been abroad. 3. Half of his money _ (have) been stolen. 4. Half of the passengers _ (be) killed. 5. A poet and novelist _ (have) visited our school.

15、6. A poet and a novelist _ (have) visited our school.,have,has,has,have,has,have,7. Twenty years _ (be) a long time. 8. The cattle _ (keep) in the shed. 9. I, who _ (be) your friend, _ (want) to help you. 10. I will employ a boy who _ ( understand) English. 11. What he said _ (be) true. 12. What he

16、gave me yesterday _ (be) some apples.,is,are kept,am,want,understand,is,were,就近一致,There is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.,就近 一致,1. There_ (be) a fire last night. 2. Here_ (come) the bus. 3. There _ (be) two books on the desk. 4. Here _ (be) the books that you want. 5. Not only you but also

17、he _ (be) right. 6. Either he or I _ (be) wrong.,was,comes,are,are,is,am,Example E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. (99 上海2) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. (2005

18、山东25) A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away,Multiple choice: 1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kep

19、t,Multiple choice: 3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has 4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known,6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. ha

20、s been D. were 7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered,8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of

21、 them_ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,11.More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been i

22、nfected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting,由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数,又如：More than one man was injured in the accident. More than one house has been repaired.,12. One or perhaps more pages _ missing. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been,由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。,又如： Are you

23、 or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?,13.The police _ the black in winter. A. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts on,英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。,又如：Some people spend a lot of money on clothes. Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.,14. More students than one _. A. we

24、re punished B. is punished C. was punished D. will punish,More 复数名词 than one 和 more than one 单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。,又如：More students than one were punished. More than one student was punished.,15. What they need _ more people. A. is B. are C. has D. have,名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容

25、是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what we need指复数内容。,又如：What we need is more time. What he needs are books. What he says and what he does do not agree.,主谓一致,两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数 Tom and Dick _ (be) good friends. 但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。 A singer and dancer _ (be) present at the party. The worker a

26、nd writer _ (be) talking to the students. Bread and butter _ (taste) good. (a needle and thread,a horse and cart,a watch and chain,a coat and tie,truth and honesty,medical help and cure),are,was,is,tastes,2用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。 No bird and no beast _ (be) seen in the b

27、are island. Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) made such a funny experiment. At Christmas each boy and each girl _(be) given a present.,is,has,is,3两个主语由not onlybut also, or, eitheror, neithernor等连接时，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致 Either he or I _ (be) to go there. _ (be) either you or he going to attend the meetin

28、g?,am,Are,4.主语后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致 A professor, together with some students, _ (be) sent to help in the work. No one but the teachers _ (be) allowed to use the room.,was,is,5一些集合名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数如audience, committee，class(班级

29、),crew（全体船员或机组人员), family, government, public(公众)等， 但people, police, cattle等只能用复数 My family _ (be) a big family. My family _ (be) listening to the radio. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.,is,are,are,6.通常作复数的集体名词 有些集体名词，如police, people, cattle, militia, poultry(家禽),)等，通常作复数，用复数动词。例如： Domes

30、tic cattle _(provide) us with milk, beef and hides.,provide,7.通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有一些集体名词，如machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise (商品)，clothing 通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如： The merchandise _(have) arrived undamaged. All the machinery in the factory _ (be) made in China.,has,is,8表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个整

31、体看，谓语还是用单数。 Five minutes _ (be) enough. One dollar and seventy eight cents _ (be) what she has.,is,is,9. all 作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般 看作单数。 All that I want _ (be) a good dictionary. All _ (be) silent. 人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。 All _ (be) out of danger.,is,were,were,10 形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。 What a l

32、ife the poor were living! The young are happy to give their seats to the old.,11who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.,12. 以-ics结尾的学科名称 某些以

33、-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学）athlet-ics(体育学)、等，通常作单数用。例如：,13.其他以-s结尾的名词 英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带一把、一副、一条等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数

34、。例如： 如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough.,14.以-s结尾的地理名称 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States,the United Nations,the Netherlands等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。例如： The West Indies,apart from the Bahamas,are commonly divided into two parts.T

35、he Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.,15.英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如: arms(武器), clothes(衣服), contents(内容，目录) fireworks(烟火), goods(货物), minutes(记录), morals(道德，品行), remains(遗体), stairs(楼梯), suburbs (郊区), thank

36、s(谢意), wages(工资)等， 通常作复数。,16.凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如: clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings (掘出的东西), earnings (收入), filings (锉屑), lodgings (租住的房屋), surroundings (环境), sweepings (扫拢的垃圾) 等, 通常作复数用。例如： The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt. The sweepings of the godown(仓库) have been disposed of.,17. 还有一些以-s接的单、复

37、数同形的名词，如: headquarters(总部), means(方法、手段), series(系列), species(种类), works(工厂)等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。例如： A headquarters was set up to direct the operation (指挥作战). Their headquarters are in Paris. The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (诉诸武力).,18. remains用于遗体意义时，随后的动词通常作复数： His

38、 remains lie in the churchyard. The martyrs remains were buried at the foot of the hill. 但作遗迹或剩余物解释时，可作复数或单数用： Here is the remains of a temple. The remains of the meal were/was fed to the dog.,19.如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。例如： Two thirds of the swampland(沼泽地) _ (have) been reclaimed(开垦). Over sixty per cent of the city _ (be) destroyed in the war. Thirty-five per cent of the doctors _ (be) women.,has,was,were,20.如果主语是all of .,some of .,non