8月6日用动词的时态11.ppt

1、Grammar,动词的时态,能力提升,一、一般现在时,英语中各种时态的使用频率不同，下面分别介绍初中 阶段要求掌握的八种时态。,一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三 人称单数，则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式(does)。,1. 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯性行为。 常用的时间状语有：often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, in the morning, every day, on Sunday, once a week等。如： He always drinks a lot of water before meals. 他总是

2、在餐前喝好多水。 2. 表示目前的情况、特点或状态。如： I am a teacher. 我是老师。 She likes watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。,3. 表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。如： An elephant is much bigger than a cat. 大象比猫大许多。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 4. 用在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中。 主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来动作。如： We will go for a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好，我

3、们打算去野炊。 主将， if /when/as soon as等 （从现）,二、一般过去时,一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状 态，常和yesterday, last night, two days ago, just now, at that time等表示过去的时间状语连用。也表示过去经常 或反复发生的动作，常和often, always 等表示频度的时间 状语连用。如： The old man always carried an umbrella. 这位老人以前总是带着一把伞。(此句只是说明他过去的动作，不表明他现在也常带着伞),After she got up, she q

4、uickly washed her face and hands, had breakfast, and went to school. 她起床后迅速地洗脸、洗手，吃过早饭去上学。 He used to be a quiet boy. 他过去是个不大说话的男孩。 Edison was a great inventor. 爱迪生是个伟大的发明家。,三、现在进行时,现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动 作，常与时间状语now, this week, these days等连用。,1. 现在进行时的句型结构 现在进行时由助动词be的现在式 am, is, are 现在分词(动词ing)构成

5、。 2. 现在进行时的基本用法 (1)表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now，动 词look, listen等连用。如： Be quiet! The children are sleeping now. 安静！孩子们正在睡觉。,(2)表示现阶段正在进行(但说话时不一定在进行)的动作。如： Our teacher is writing a book recently. 最近我们的老师正在写一本书。 These days they are studying French. 这些天他们在学法语。,(3)使用现在进行时须注意的几个问题 1)有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排即将要进行 的动作(进行

6、时态表将来)。此用法可代替一般将来时，但此时一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用，且此用法仅限于少量动词。如：come(来)，go(去)，start(开始)， arrive(到达)，leave(离开)，return(返回)，set out/off (出发)等动词或动词短语。如： Theyre leaving for London next week. 他们下周去伦敦。 She is coming to see you tomorrow. 明天她要来看你。,2)下列动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。 a表示感官的动词，如see, hear等。如： Do you see the plane in th

7、e sky? 你看见天上的那架飞机了吗？ b表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like, love等。如： Do you like collecting stamps? 你喜欢收集邮票吗？ c表示希望的动词，如want, would like等。如： Do you want to play tennis now? 你现在想打网球吗？,d表示状态的动词，如be等。如： He is a 16yearold boy. 他是一个16岁的男孩。 e表示归属的动词，如have等。如： New term starts, do you have a new schoolbag? 新学期开始了，你有新书包吗？ f表示思维

8、、知识或理解能力的动词，如know, understand, forget等。如： I dont understand what the teacher says. 我没理解老师说的话。,四、过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作， 常与at that time, this time yesterday, at 8 oclock yesterday evening等时间状语连用或与when/while引导 的时间状语从句连用。结构was/were+doing They were having dinner when I went to see them. 我去看他们时他们正在

9、吃晚饭。 Yesterday evening I called you, but nobody answered the phone. 昨晚我给你打电话，但没人接电话。 Sorry. I was reading in the library. 抱歉，(那会儿)我正在图书馆看书。,While I was doing my homework, my sister was singing. 当我在做作业时，我妹妹在唱歌。 At that time they were having a good time. 他们那时玩得非常愉快。,五、一般将来时,一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 表示将

10、来时间的状语连用。如：tomorrow, later today, tonight, next spring/week/month/year, during this term,soon，in a couple of days（2天后） when I grow up.，含if /when/as soon as的 主句。 What will you do next week? 下周你打算干什么？ Well go to work on the farm next week. 下周我们要去农场上班。,1. 一般将来时的构成 一般将来时由助动词shall或will动词原形构成。第一人称I和we 用sh

11、all 或will，其余人称都用will。 2. 一般将来时的其他表示方法 (1)“be going to 动词原形”表示即将发生的事或打算、 计划、决定要做的事或可能要发生的事（be about to也表将要做某事）。如： He is going to swim this evening. 今晚他将去游泳。 The sun is going to go down. 太阳就要下山了。 Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大后打算当一名医生吗？,(2)有些动词可以用现在进行时表示将来发生的动作，这种结构通常表示按计划、安排即将发生的动

12、作。 这类动词常见的有：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, send, sail, meet, fly等。如： I am coming. 我就来。 He is flying to Australia tomorrow. 他明天就要飞往澳大利亚了。,(3)在由if(如果)引导的条件状语从句和由when(当的时候)，until(直到)，as soon as(一就)等引导的时间状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： Lets finish the work before it is dark. 我们在天黑之前把活干完。 Ill send you

13、 an email as soon as I arrive in New York. 我一到纽约就会给你发邮件。,六、过去将来时,过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看来，将要发生的 动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。 其基本结构为was/were going to do; would/should do 等。如： She said that she was going to Hawaii this summer. 她说今年夏天她打算去夏威夷。 I didnt know if she would come. 我不知道她是否会来。,七、现在完成时,现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结 果或

14、影响，也可指过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。常 用的时间状语有：now, today, tonight, this week/month/ year, yet, already, just, recently(最近), so far（到目前为止）,in the last 3years，since引导的时间状语或 时间状语从句（ since 3years ago,since I came here ）， for 引导的表示一段时间的状语(for 3 years )。 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由“助动词have(has)过去分词”构成。has用于第三人称单数，have用于其他各种人称。,

15、2. 现在完成时的用法 (1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的 结果和影响，可以和already, yet, just,ever,never,before等连用。如： I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。(照片不在我这里了) Have you had your lunch yet? 你已经吃过午饭了吗？ Yes, I have.Ive just had it. 是的，我吃过了。我刚刚吃的。(现在不饿了),(2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻开始延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间

16、状语连用。如：for three years, since 2005, since three years ago, all ones life, so far等。如： Shes been there for over two years. 她在那儿两年多了。 Uncle Wang has worked in this factory since it opened. 自从这家工厂成立，王叔叔就在这工作。 注意：问句时常用“How long.?”提问现在完成时的时间。,3. 掌握现在完成时应注意以下几点 (1)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1)侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的状态， 属现

17、在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造 成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重 于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如： Yesterday I went to the zoo. 昨天我去了动物园。(仅说明昨天去了动物园， 与现在无关) Li Lei has read the book before. 李雷已看过那本书。(说明李雷了解那本书的内 容),2)连用的时间状语不同：与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last(past)., before, ever, never, since引出的时间、for引出的时间等。

18、而一般过去时则常与ago, yesterday, last., in 2000, just now等连用。 注意：现在完成时态不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等之类的过去时间状语连用。如： Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park? 你们曾在公园里摘过花或踩过草地吗？ Father bought that watch ten years ago. 爸爸十年前买了那块手表。 I have never seen the film before. 我以前从没看过这部影片。,(

19、2)延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法：现在完成时在表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如： 我离开这所学校已八年了。 误：Ive left this school for eight years. 正：Ive been away from this school for eight years.,他借用我的词典已两天了。 误：He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. 正：He has kept my dictionary for two days. 不过，在否定

20、句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如： I havent gone to see him for several months. 我已经好几个月没去看他了。,短暂性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用下述三种方法： 1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词： comebe here, gobe there, diebe dead, borrow keep, buyhave, begin be on joinbe in(be a.member), leavebe away, end/finish be over 等。 2)将时间状语改为过去时间，而用一般过去时代替现在完成时。 3)用句型“it is/has

21、 been一段时间since从句(从句的谓语动词用终止性动词的一般过去时)”表示。如： It is/has been three years since I bought the book. 这本书我买了三年了。(从买这本书起到现在已经三年了。),(3)表示“去了某地，还没回来”用has/have gone to.，表示“曾经去过某地”用has/have been to.。如： He has gone to France on business. 他去法国出差了。(他还没回来，现在可能在法国 或在途中，总之不在这里) He has ever been to France on business

22、. 他曾经出差到过法国。(现在已经从法国回来),八、过去完成时,1. 过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“助动词had过去分词”构成。 过去完成时在时间上的含义是“过去的过去”，因此句中一般都有一个明确的状语或状语从句来表示过去时间。,2. 过去完成时的用法 (1)表示到过去某一时间已完成或结束的动作或状态。过去的某一时间通常是由by引导的时间状语。如： By July 8, we had got everything ready for the test. 到7月8日，我们已为测试做好了一切准备。 过去某一时间也可以通过时间状语从句表示。如： When I got to school, he h

23、ad already left. 我到学校时，他已经离开了。,(2)用于宾语从句中表示持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态，或表示到过去某一时间为止发生的动作次数的总和或具有的经历。如： She told me that she had been a teacher for quite a few years. 她告诉我她当教师好多年了。,选词填空,【解析】played本题考查动词的时态。when I was in America意为“当我在美国的时候”，表示过去的时间，故用一般过去时。,跟踪练习,1I _(play, played) tennis with my cousin every day

24、when I was in America.,2Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she _ (would come, comes) back.,【解析】comes本题考查动词的时态。在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来，故选comes。,3Have you finished your homework yet? Yes. I _(finished, had finished) it twenty minutes ago.,【解析】finished本题考查动词的时态。twenty minutes

25、 ago意为“20分钟前”，表示过去的时间，所以用过去时。,4Can you guess if they _ (practise, will practise) spoken English with us? I think theyll do if they _(are, will be) free.,【解析】关键分清if的不同意思和用法，第一句if（是否）宾语从句中，如果主句的时态为一般现在时，从句的时态根据语境而定；第二句if条件状语从句中，主从句时态遵循“主将从现”原则。故答案是 will practise; are,一、 用所给词的适当形式将下列句子补充完整，并将句子根据时态归类,1

26、. By the end of last week, she _(stay) in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.,【解析】had stayedby过去的时间状语，表示“到为止”，用过去完成时。,当堂检测,2. Mr Wang has left for Guangzhou. He _ (give) a speech there in two days.,【解析】will give句意：王先生已经离开去广州了，两天以后他要在那里做演讲。in two days意为“两天后”，表示将来，用一般将来时。,3

27、. What does Tom often do at weekends? He often _(visit) his grandparents.,【解析】visits句意：Tom周末经常做什么？他经常去看望爷爷奶奶。故此处用一般现在时。,4. Youre in a hurry. Where are you going? To the cinema. Sue _(wait) for me outside.,【解析】is waiting句意：你这么匆忙，要去哪里？去电影院，休在外面等我呢。故此处用现在进行时，表示“正在等我”。,5. The 2014 FIFA World Cup _(open)

28、 in Brazil on June 13.,【解析】openedon June 13表示过去的时间，所以用一般过去时。,6. Susan and Lily _(pick) tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday.,【解析】were pickingthis time yesterday意为“昨天的这个时候”，用过去进行时，即were picking。,7. As we all know, the Silk Road _ (connect) China to the West in ancient times.,

29、【解析】connected根据句意“正如我们所知，在古代丝绸之路联系着中国和西方各国”可知，in ancient times表示过去的时间，所以用一般过去时。,8. What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon? I _(clean) the classroom.,【解析】was cleaning根据问句“昨天下午我们在打篮球的时候，你在干什么？”可知用过去进行时。,【解析】has gone根据句意“刘明，那是我们的陈校长吗？不可能是她，她去厦门开会了。”可知，此处用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现

30、在有影响，即“她不可能在这里”。,9. Liu Ming, is that our headmaster Miss Chen over there? It cant be her. She _(go) to Xiamen for a meeting.,10. Why were the boys so excited just now? Because they thought very likely the team Miami Heat _(get) the first place in ten more minutes!,【解析】would get句意：刚才这些男孩为什么这么激动？因为迈阿

31、密热火队很有可能再用十分钟就能获得第一名。根据in ten more minutes可知用过去将来时。,11. Why are you in such a hurry, John? There _(be) an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.,【解析】will be/is going to be句意：约翰，你为什么这么匆忙啊？十分钟后将有一场NBA篮球赛。in ten minutes意为“十分钟后”，是表示将来的时间状语，故用将来时。,12. Wow! The room is so tidy. Who _ (clean) the room? It may

32、 be Sally. She is really a good girl.,【解析】has cleaned根据问句句意“哇！房间这么干净，谁打扫的？”可知，过去的动作对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。,13. Mrs Wang _(exercise) every day, so she is in good health.,【解析】exercises根据时间状语every day可知，此处应用一般现在时。,14. When he asked me about my homework yesterday, I already _(hand) it in.,【解析】had handed从句用一般过去

33、时，主句应用过去完成时。,15. Look! A number of students _(have) fun on the beach.,【解析】are having根据“look”可知，此处应用现在进行时。,Quiz M4 1 Could you send me your email address (地址)? 2 Bob watched a movie last night, so did Tom (Tom也是). 3 Ann is very bored with(对厌烦) with her parents orders. 4 -How soon will they be back? -

34、 In a couple（两个)of weeks. 5 Jack is young,he often depends on(依靠)his parents to do some housework. 6 Dont keep him waiting(wait) for a long time. 7 There is plenty(大量）of rain in the south of China in summer. 8 We have been(be)friends for about 3years. 9 I hope your dream will come true（实现）. 10 They

35、talked so loudly that it woke me up early. （如此以致）,My perfect holiday By ? Para1 As a boy, like all other boys, I wanted to be a man. But my parents did everything for me. Actually, they managed every minute of my life. Although they loved me, I felt a bit unhappy with them. Zheng Chenyu, do your hom

36、ework! Practise the piano! Turn off the TV! I became so bored with their orders that I wished they would leave me alone. Para2 Well, my wish came true! Although my parents were very worried about leaving me, they had to go away on business for a few days. Now was my chance! I could have some fun at

37、last! As soon as I got home from school the first day, I happily threw my schoolbag on the sofa and ate lots of snacks. Then I enjoyed an exciting film on TV, and after that I played computer games. I liked the games so much that I played until mid-night.,Para3 The next morning I woke up late. I had

38、 to hurry to school without breakfast, but I was still late. The teacher asked me for my homework, but I could not hand it in. With an empty stomach, I was unable to play basketball with my classmates! I felt tired and sleepy at school all day long. Para4 When I got home, I tried to cook some rice,

39、but I burnt it. I even dropped my fathers cup when I was cooking! I found myself so bad at simple cooking tasks. I started to feel lonely. I wanted Mum and Dad to come home soon. Mum cooked such delicious food, and made sure I never forgot my homework. Dad always helped me with any difficult questio

40、ns, and told funny jokes when I was unhappy. Then I realised being home alone was not always perfect. Para5 When my parents came home, they were happy to find that I could cook and tidy up now. I told them my home alone story and we all laughed.,2,P28,Read the passage and choose the best summary.,a)

41、 Zheng Chenyu found his life more difficult without his parents. b) Zheng Chenyu depended on his parents to prepare meals for him. c) Zheng Chenyu had so much homework that he did not have time to look after himself. d) Zheng Chenyu should learn to cook.,Task 1,Read Para. 1 and use the words in the

42、box to complete the sentences.,happy bored unhappy sad,1. Although my parents loved me, I felt a bit _ with them. 2. I became so _ with my parents orders.,unhappy,bored,Task 2,Read Para. 2 and answer the following questions.,1. How did my wish come true? 2. Make a list about what Zheng Chenyu did on

43、 the first day.,My parents had to go away on business for a few days.,* threw his schoolbag on the sofa and ate lots of snacks * enjoy an exciting film on TV * play computer games until midnight,Read Para. 3 and answer the question below.,What kind of troubles did he meet?,1) wake up late 2) hurry to school without breakfast 3) late for school 4) cant hand in his homework 5) unable to play basketball because of hunger 6) feel tired and sleepy at school a