主谓一致【最新】.ppt

1、主谓一致,主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致. 如: He is a student. We are students.,主谓一致的三大原则,一、语法一致原则 二、意义一致原则 三、就近原则,一、语法一致原则,主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式； 主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式。 I often help him and he often helps me.,二、意义一致,主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数； The crowd were surrounding the building. 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。

2、 Politics is hard to learn.,三、就近原则,就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.,1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. The writer and the teacher_ speaking at the meeting. The writer and teacher _ speaking at the meeting. A knife and a fork _put on the tabl

3、e. A knife and fork_ put on the table. A watch and chain带链的手表 A coat and tie配有领带的大衣 Bread and butter黄油面包 谓语用单数,二.并列主语的主谓一致,are,is,are,is,Each boy and each girl _ an apple. each and each / every and every / no and no谓语动词用单数,has,就近一致原则,Not only John but also I_ going to Shanghai next week. There be ,

4、not onlybut also, not but, eitheror, neithernor or,am,就远原则,The teacher as well as the students _ reading in the library. with, together with, along with, as well as, in addition to, including except, but, besides, rather than,is,三.单一主语的主谓一致,1.形复意单的名词作主语 学科名称如maths, physics, economics, politics, news

5、, mechanics(机械学) linguistics(语言学) 谓语动词用单数. The economics is interesting to learn. 国名,组织机构,书名,等复数形式的专有名词谓语用单数如:the United Nations, the Times,(泰晤士报) the Netherlands(荷兰) The United Nations is an important organization.,2 形复意复trousers, glasses, shoes, shorts(短裤) scissors.(剪刀)scales(天平)谓语动词用复数,如果被a pair

6、of所修饰就用单数. The shoes are dirty. The pair of shoes is dirty. 3.单复数同形, 谓语动词看意义,表单数的时候谓语动词用单数,表复数的时候谓语动词用复数. 如 That Chinese is my classmate. Those Chinese are my friends.,此类名词还有.sheep, deer, fish, means(方法),works(工厂),species(种类),Chinese, Japanese. This chemical works _set up in 1983. These chemical wor

7、ks_ set up in 1983. Every means _been tried. All means _been tried.,was,were,has,have,集合名词作主语,集合名词有以下:family, class, army, audience, crowd, government, group, population, team, enemy, 此类名词谓语动词用单复数看是把这些名词当成整体还是个体.如果当成整体谓语用单数,当成个体谓语动词用复数.如 The family _a big one. The family _watching TV.,is,are,The Ind

8、ian population _increasing every year. One third of the population here _ workers.,is,are,有些集合名词谓语动词一般只用复数,此类名词有: people, police, cattle. (people表示民族的时候可用单数,police作警察机构的时候也可用单数),常用的完全不可数名词谓语用单数的单词,advice, baggage/luggage, furniture, homework, information, knowledge, money, news, progress, traffic, e

9、quipment, clothing, scenery.,代词做主语,代词做主语谓语动词用单数还是复数看它所指代的是单数还是复数. 如Your shoes are black. Mine _brown. Such _Albert Einstein, a simple person with great achievement. Such_ his wishes.,are,is,are,关系代词that/who/which作主语,谓语动词与先行词保持一致,如:Those who_ (want) to go for a picnic, please put up your hands. The w

10、ater that _ in the lake is clear. This is one of the houses that _washed away in the flood. This is the only one of the houses that_ washed away in the flood.,want,is,were,was,What /who引导的从句的谓语动词,What he bought _some apples. What he bought _some milk.,are,is,None /neither作主语,后如果跟单数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数.如

11、 None of the money is mine. Neither statement is true. 后如果跟复数名词谓语动词可用单数也可用复数.如: None of them has/have arrived.,All 做主语,All 指人的时候,谓语动词用复数,all 指事情的时候谓语动词用单数如 All _ ok and all _ present. 一切事情都顺利，所有的人都在场,is,are,数词和量词作主语,More than one +单数名词+单数谓语 more than one student has known the news. more+复数名词+than on

12、e+复数谓语 More students than one agree with you.,Many a +单数名词+单数谓语动词 Many a student likes music. =Many students like music. A +单数名词+or two+单数谓语 A word or two is missing here. One or two+复数名词+复数谓语 One or two words are missing here.,分数/百分数+of+名词,谓语动词根据of后的名词. Two thirds of the water is clean. Two thirds

13、of the people are Chinese.,时间距离金钱作主语谓语动词一般用单数.,Twenty days is not enough to prepare the exam. A number of +复数名词+复数谓语 The number of +复数名词+单数谓语 A number of students like music. The number of students is 40.,A great deal of/ a large amount of+不可数名词+单数谓语动词 A large amount of money was stolen. A large quantity of +可数名词复数+复数谓语 +不可数名词+单数谓语 Large quantities of+可数名词或不可数名词+复数谓语动词 Large quantities of water are polluted