2.锦程教育艺术类专用高考英语复习讲义-定语从句.ppt

1、定语从句,（一）定义及相关术语,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,1.定语从句：,什么叫定语，什么叫定语从句？,用来修饰名词和代词的部分叫定语,她是个女孩 她是个美丽的女孩 She is a girl. She is a beautiful girl She is a girl who is very beautiful,具有定语功能，替代原来单一的词和词组的句子叫定语从句,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,先行词和引导词,引导定语从句的词叫引导词,She is a girl who is very beautiful. This is the p

2、lace where we met each other.,定语从句例句解析：,(1) The girl who is standing there is Mary. The girl is Mary. ( who, that 指人，在从句中作主语）,(2) The man whom my mother saw in the street is my teacher. The man is my teacher. (whom, that指人，在从句中作宾语，也可省略),(3) The book which/that tells us about the earth is interesting

3、. (which, that指物，在从句中作主语, 不可省略),A football fan is _ has a strong interest in football.,A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what,C,He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.,A. whom B. who C. when D. because,B,The place _ interested me most was the Childr

4、ens Palace.,which B. where C. what D. in which,A,(4) The building (which/that) he referred to is beautiful. (which, that指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）,(5) She lives in a house whose windows face south. (whose指物，在从句中作windows的定语）,(6) The company will employ a person whose English is good. (whose在从句中指人，作定语),Whose即可指人

5、，也可指物，是所有格，在从句中作定语，指物时可与of which互换。 This is the book whose cover /the cover of which/ of which the cover is blue.,We visited the factory _ makes toys for children.,A. where B. which C. in which D. at which,B,We are living in an age many things are done on computer.,A. which B. that C. whose D. when,

6、D,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.,A. who B. whos C. whose D. which,C,(7) Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.,(when指时间，在从句中做时间状语),(8) I wont forget the factory where my father worked.,(where指地点，在从句中作地点状语),(9) Tell me the reason why you came late.,(why表示原因，在从句中作原因状语),Do yo

7、u know the reason he didnt come?,A. that B. which C. for D. why,D,We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives.,A. which B. that C. who D. where,D,当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：,a. All that can

8、 be done is done.,b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that :,They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front.,A. what B. that C. which D. where,B,Ill tell you _ he told m

9、e last night.,A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all,D, 先行词被all, much, little few, every, no, some, any修饰时：,Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,a. This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.,b. Its the best

10、 novel (that) I have ever read.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.,A. that B. those C. which D. what,A,Its the third time _ late this month.,A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived,C,This is the bi

11、ggest library _ we have ever built in our university.,A. which B. Where C. that D. one,C,先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时,a. That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.,b. This is the very book (that) I want to find.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:, 先行词是疑问词who, which, what

12、 时，定语从句用 that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。,a. Who is the person that is standing at the gate?,b. Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?,c. What that is on the table belongs to me?,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that :,This is the very film Ive long wished to see.,A. Which

13、 B. that C. who D. whom,B,Who is the person is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?,A. Who B. that C. which D. whom,B, 当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如,He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that :, 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时：,Ma

14、ry is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.,China is no longer the country (that) it used to be.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that :,They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.,A. which B. that C. who D. whom,B, 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果

15、省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。, 非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚.从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：,注意几点：2. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:,a. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865. b. He lives in another town, which is only about an hours ride from her

16、e. c. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. d. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.,注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.作宾语时不能省略。, 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时。如：,a. Bruce went toward the fire, whi

17、ch was still smoking.,b. He came late again, which made the teacher angry.,注意几点：3.只能用which不能用that的情况:, 先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。如：,This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.,如果介词后置：This is the house which/that Lu Xun lived in. 或是 This is the house where Lu Xun lived.,注意几点：3.只能用which不能用that的情况:,Luckily, wed

18、brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.,Ait Bthat Cthis Dwhich,D, The day on which/when I met him first was May 1st., The year in which/when I came here was 1998., The reason why/for which he was late was that he got up late.,注意几点：4. 关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which, for

19、 which，所以可以交替使用。如：, The room in which he lives faces south. which/that he lives in where he lives,注意几点：5.以the way等为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。,a. This is the way (that/in which) he did it. b. I like the way (that/in which) you teach me English. c. I think the way (that/in which) you deal

20、 with the problem is right.,I dont like _ you speak to her.,A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which,A,I dont like the way _ you speak to your mother.,A. / B. in that C. which D. of which,A,as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是,(1). as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。

21、,注意几点：6.关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句,He married her, as / which was natural.,He is honest, as / which we can see.,(2). as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。,As is known to all, China is a developing country.,注意几点：6.关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句,He is from the south, as w

22、e can know from his accent.,He is honest, as / which we can see.,John, as you know, is a famous writer.,Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe.,They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _ were handed down from his grandfather.,A. who B. that C. which D

23、. whose,C,Mr. Wu, _ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.,A. whom B. that C. which D. /,A,He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.,A. that B. as C. who D. what,B,_ you know, he is a famous musician.,A. As B. which C. That D.,A,_, the compass was first made in China.,A

24、. It is know to all B. It is known that C. We all know D. As is known to all,D,练习题,1. All_ is useful to us is good.,A. which B. what C. that D. whether,C,2. Is this factory _ we visited last week?,A. where B. that C. which D. the one,D,3. She will never forget the day _ she spent in Beijing.,A. when

25、 B. what C. which D. why,C,4. This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.,A. That B. When C. Which D. where,D,5. This is the very factory_ we visited last year.,A. that B. which C. what D. the one,A,6. The text is one of the most interesting stories _ learnt in the past three days.,A. that h

26、ave B. that have been C. which has D. which has been,B,7. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A. who B. whose C. of whom D. which,B,8. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A. where B. that C. of whom D. which,A,9. The man _ you are talking is in the next room.,A. to whom B. about whom C. about who D. whom,B,10. This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.,A. that; it B. which; whom C. that; which D. which; that,C,11. Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A. who B. who w