词类,句类.ppt

1、英语词类，文章成分，文章类型，文章种类，巩固的练习，Part of Speech英语词类，1名词：Nouns (N .)表示人或事物的名称。E.g .学生手册2动词：verbs (v .)表示动作或状态，通常用作谓语。E.g. read know 3形容词：adjectives (adj)表征或事物的特征，修饰名词或代词。E.g. big，dangerous 4副词：adverbs(adv./ad .)表示动作的特性或特性，修饰动词或形容词。E.g. carefully，very，5数字：numerals(num)表的数目或顺序。可以分为序数和基数。基数序数基数数one first two s

2、econd three third fourth fourth five fifth six sixth seven seventh eight eight nine ninth ten twelve twelfth twent Y twentiesE.g. a，an表示不确定性。The有8个指定：prepositions(prep .)在代词、名词等前面使用，说明与其他词的关系。E.g. for from on 9连接词：conjunctions(conj)用于连接词和单词或句子和句子。E.g. and if but 10感叹词：interjections(interj)表示说话时的感情或语

3、气。E. g. oh ah，I left the delicious meat on the table and the dog has eaten it quickly。文章组件、文章组件：构成一句话各功能的部分文章组件包括：周、谓词、空、情、形、补、东魏语等e . g . the child cried . I lood，谓语陈述的对象。主语是名字、代、数、否定式、动名词、从句等。充当she is writing a letter . the palace flowers put forth their blossoms in silent neglect . whether she wi

4、ll support Clinton in the scanner的谓词主要由动词负责。例如， the birds have flown away from every hill . a fisherman angled silently in the river covered with snow .3.表语(predicative):位于连接动词之后，表示主语的性质、特征、身份等，主要用作名字、代、形用、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等。例：she is a bean在某些句子中，一些动词可以带来两个宾语。牙齿两个宾语之一通常是表示事物的名词或代词(称为直接宾语)。另一个是代表人的名词或代词(

5、称为间接宾语)。例如：She showed me the photo .5 .属性：用于修辞名，代词。主要由名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、从句等充当。示例：her house is very small every one in the hospital works hard 6。副词(adverbial):用于修辞动词、形容词、其他副词或全文。它经常由副词、不定式、分词、从句等组成。例如：she goes to school very early . he left for Beijing the day before yesterday . 7 .补充(complement):用于补

6、充主语或宾语的意义或特征，因此补语总是用名词形容词不定式分词等来充当示例：their walls were painted pink . she told her husband to meet her at the station his words make me comfortable，8 .同源词(AP position dowier)可以用名词代词、修辞语、不定式、动名词、从句来充当。示例：their task，planting 500 trees，was finished in time。this is my brother Boris Yel tsin.9 .独立成分：独立成分与

7、句子的其他成分没有任何联系，经常使用逗号。独立成分包括插入语(parenthesis)、调用语(vocative)、感叹语(exclamation)示例：to tell you the truth，I dont like the film at all.sit down，mary.alas，our national football team failed again。基本文章模式1.sv (s: subject，v: verb)(主谓词)，主谓词文章the students have left . he runs quicks，4 .svoo(主语动词直接宾语间接宾语)，主谓宾句式。he g

8、ave me a book . he gave a book to me . 5 . svoc(主语动词宾语补语C:complement)，主谓语宾补句形式。the students keep their classroom tidy and clean . you cant persuade him to give up his stupid idea .SV、SVP、svo、svoo、Svoc he walks slowly . I consider Henry my closest friend Mr . Li taught me how to plant trees yesterday

9、 was my fany、SV(主用户)、SVOC(主谓词来宾)、SVOO(主谓词来宾)、SVP(主系统表)、SVOC(主谓词来宾补充)和SVOC4)感叹句What a nice view from the window！How silly you are！陈述，肯定陈述，否定陈述，I am a student。I am not a student。疑问句，1。一般疑问句4。的用法(yes-no question)和用法(yes-no question)。反义疑问句，一般疑问句对特殊疑问句，1。一般疑问句(用wrong，yes，no回答)is there anything wrong with

10、 your watch？Has my watch been mended yet？Would you like a cup of coffee？havent you finished your home work yet？-是，I have。/no，I have not.isnt it a beautiful lake？Isnt your sister a clever girl？也可以表示对美好事物的感叹。2.特殊疑问句(wh-语句)，通常以WHO、WHOSE、WHAT、WHICH、WHERE、WHEN、WHY、HOW等开头的一般语序33333 Whose lighter fell on t

11、he floorWhat happened last night？反向副词：Who(m) are you talking with？What does your brother do？Where is he living？When did he leave？3 .选择疑问句，1)基于一般疑问句的are you going to elect Henry or Richard？Shall I give you a hand，or can you manage？Would you rather wait or come late？which do you like better，tea or cof

12、fee？How shall we go there？By bus or by train？4。反义文章That clock is slow，isnt it？反问句要注意的几个茄子点：1)有不定式的文章，反问句要使用肯定。John has never been on time，has John b . hasnt John c . has he d . hasnt he few of them know that secret，do they？He seldom does morning exercise，does he？No、never、no one、none、nothing、few、litt

13、le、hardly、scarcely、rarely、neither。2)使用祈祷文Will you可以缓解语句的语气，更像是一种请求。经常使用Wont you提醒某人E.g. Go home now，wont you吗？否定句是will you dont spit in public places，will you？3) lets和let us Lets go swimming，shall we？Let us go swimming，will you？4)如果主语是以布里元、以弗所、索梅恩、诺元、诺博迪、索梅博迪等结合词，则附加句的主语是he或they.nobody wants to go there，None of the boys can do it，can heNo one is interested in this，are they？5)主语是everring、someting、anything、nothing等表达物的不确定代词时，附加句的主语是it eg.nothing