虚拟语气最后定稿.ppt

1、Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,Japan lies to the east of China.,The fish is not alive without water.,Dont worry.,If he had been here, he would have agreed with me.,I wish I could fly.,语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。,英语中共有三种语气,陈述语气、,祈使语气、,虚拟语气,（the Indicative Mood）,（the Imperative Mood）,（the Subjunctive Mood）,

2、2. 定义： 用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。,条件从句,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,过去时（were）,过去完成时,Would/could/should/ might +V.（原）,Would/could/should/ might+have+p.p.,1.过去时 2.should+V. 3. were to do,would/could/should/ might +V.（原）,If I were a student, I would make good use o

3、f the time .,表示与现在事实相反,If I had listened to the teacher carefully , I would have passed the exam.,表示与过去事实相反,If we had another 7-day holiday, all of us would be much happier.,表示与将来事实相反,1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. I wou

4、ld be lying to you If I said I am bullet proof and I am afraid of nothing,与现在事实相反,3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made amistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,与过去事实相反,5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6. If we were to have three days off

5、, we would enjoy a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,如果我现在有钱的话，我会尽力 帮助这个贫穷的孩子。 2.如果我去过长城的话，我会做你的导游。 3.如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园了。,If I had some money, I would try to help the poor boy.,If I had been to the Great Wall, I would have been a guide.,If it rained tomorrow, we would not go to the park.,在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去

6、的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。,（1）表示对现在情况的虚拟： 从句动词用过去式或 （be动词一般用were）。,I wish I knew the answer to the question.,I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.,A: Can you help me with this? B: I wish I could.,（2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”。（过去完成时）,I wish I hadnt spent so much money.,He wishes h

7、e had not lost the chance.,（3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would动词原形”。（过去将来时）,I wish you would come soon.,I wish it would stop raining.,二 虚拟语气特殊句型,wish 的宾语从句,现在 过去 未来,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/ might+V. should,I wish I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去） 3. We wish our parents wouldnt p

8、unish us. （将来）,2. Would rather that,现在： 过去： 未来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,as if (as though) 或 even if (even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “hadP.P”。,He treats me as if I were a strange

9、r.,She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.,3. as if /though + Clause,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,注意：如果表示的事情

10、可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.,4.Its (about/high) time +that,should + V.,过去时,你该走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go

11、to bed.,5. 表示要求，命令，建议的 虚拟语气。,1）宾语从句。,常见动词： 一个坚持， 两个命令， 三个建议， 四个要求。,1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom （shou

12、ld）have a rest.,He insisted that I (should ) be present.,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式 should +v.,order, ad

13、vice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, insistence, desire idea, requirement, Its suggested ( ) that,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,6. without和but

14、for 构成虚拟。 but for 要不是,Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.,Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,7. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had follo

15、wed your advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在 一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,8. Its necessary strange natural important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.

16、,It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,9. 某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,三 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。,If the weather had b

17、een finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,2. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up.,If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have

18、 got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should w

19、e do?,Rewrite the following sentences with I wish,1.I cant solve my problems.,I wish I could solve my problems.,2.Youve been working too hard.,I wish you hadnt been working so hard.,3.I cant forget the terrible scene.,I wish I could forget the terrible scene.,4.We havent got enough money.,I wish we

20、had got enough money.,5.Im afraid the performance wont go well. 6.I dont have many friends. 7.Sarah looks at her husband_.(stranger) 8.They are talking_.(friends) 9.Mr Jones speaks to me_(kid) 10. I remember the whole thing_.(yesterday),I wish the performance would go well.,I wish I had many friends

21、.,as if he were a stranger,as if they were friends,as if I were a kid.,as if it were yesterday.,1 He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not2. I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 3.The old professor gave orders that the ex

22、periment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished,常见动词： 一个坚持， 两个命令， 三个建议， 四个要求。,1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式 should +v.,9. Galileo insisted that the ea

23、rth round the sun.A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B注意该题的特殊情况 13 His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. A. shouldnt agree B. wouldnt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree,14 .Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. A.Were B. had been C. should be D. is,1. You didnt

24、 let me help. If we_together, you_so tired. worked; didnt get B. worked; wouldnt get were working ; wouldnt get D. had worked; wouldnt have got,D,2. If _money, I_you. had; would lend have; would lend C. had; would have lent D. had; will lend,A,3. If he_his legs yesterday, he _the Summer Palace with

25、us now. A. hadnt hurt; would visit B. hadnt hurt; would have visited C. didnt hurt; would visit D. didnt hurt; would have visited,A,4. He _ the work well, but he_ so careless. could have done; was had done; had been hadnt done; bad been could do; was,A,5. I wish I _ busy yesterday and _ with the recording wasnt; could finish hadnt been; could finish hadnt been; could have finished D. wasnt; could have finished,C,6. Our monitor requested that_. all the class studied more carefully the problem B. the problem was more carefully studied with