颅骨医学培训课件.ppt

1、The Arthrology,Fujian medical University 杨腾（Teng Yang）Daniel young- TelJoints of upper limbs,Joints of shoulder girdle Sternoclavicular joint,Joints of upper limbs,Joints of shoulder girdle Acromioclavicular joint,Joints of upper limbs,Joints of shoulder girdle Coracoacromial arch,Joint

2、s of upper limbs,Articulations of free upper limb Shoulder joint Elbow joint Joints between radius and ulna Joints of hand,Sternoclavicular joint,Bones: sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, and the first costal cartilage,Sternoclavicular joint,Articular capsule: strong and is reinfo

3、rced by anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments,Sternoclavicular joint,An articular disc is attached to the capsule, dividing the joint into two cavities,Sternoclavicular joint,Movements: elevation and depression,Sternoclavicular joint,Movements: forward and backward, rotation and circumdu

4、ction of the acromial end of the clavicle,Acromioclavicular joint,Bones: acromion and acromial end of clavicle,Bones of the right shoulder girdle in their Normal relation to the skeleton of the trunk,Acromioclavicular joint,Movement: rotation of scapula on clavicle,Coracoacromial arch,formed by cora

5、coacromial ligament, coracoid process, and acromion,Coracoacromial arch of the right shoulder,Coracoacromial arch,that prevents the shoulder joint from superior dislocation,Coracoacromial arch of the right shoulder,Shoulder joint,Bones: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula,Shoulder joint,Bo

6、nes: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula,Shoulder joint,Capsule: Thin and lax, especially lower part,Shoulder joint,Capsule: Attachments: proximal to glenoid labrum; distal to anatomical neck of humerus,Shoulder joint,Capsule: Attachments: except medially where it is slightly distal to sur

7、gical neck,Shoulder joint,Accessory structures Tendon of long head of biceps brachii passes through the cavity,Shoulder joint,Accessory structures Glenoid labrum: fibrocartilaginous ring on periphery of glenoid cavity,Shoulder joint,Accessory structures Coracohumeral ligament： runs from coracoid pro

8、cess to greater tubercle,Coracohumeral ligament,Shoulder joint,ball and socket Movements: 屈、伸、收、展、旋内、旋外及环转运动,肩关节,Elbow joint,Bones: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna,Elbow joint,Elbow joint,Humeroulnar joint: formed by trochlear of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna(hinge),Hum

9、eroulnar joint,Elbow joint,Humeroradial joint: formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius (ball and socket),Humeroradial joint,Elbow joint,Proximal radioulnar joint: formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulna,Elbow joint,Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posterior

10、ly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments,Ligaments,Radial collacteral ligament: attached to lateral epicondyle and annular ligament of radius,Ligaments,Ulnar collacteral ligament: attached to medial epicondyle to medial border of trochlear notch,Ligaments,Annular ligament of rad

11、ius,Ligaments,attached to anterior and posterior margins of radial notch of ulna, surrounds the head of radius,Dislocation,Movements,Flexion and Extension,Joints between radius and ulna,Proximal radioulnar joint:,supination,Joints between radius and ulna,Distal radioulnar joint: formed by head of ul

12、na, ulnar notch of radius and an articular disc,semipronation,Joints between radius and ulna,Interosseous membrane of forearm: a fibrous membrane between the shaft of radius and ulna,pronation,Joints of hand,Radiocarpal joint Intercarpal joints Carpometacarpal joints,Joints of hand,Intermetacarpal j

13、oints Metacarpophalangeal joints Interphalangeal joints,Radiocarpal joint,Bones Proximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but no pisiform,1st Metacarpal bone,Radiocarpal joint,Bones Proximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but no pisiform,Radiocarpal join

14、t,Bones Proximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but no pisiform,1st Metacarpal bone,Radiocarpal joint,Bones Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulna,1st Metacarpal bone,Radiocarpal joint,Bones Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc b

15、elow the ulna,Radiocarpal joint,Capsule: lax and strengthened by surrounding ligaments,Radiocarpal joint,Movements:,Carpometacarpal joint of thumb,Bones: trapezium and base of first metacarpal,Carpometacarpal joint of thumb,Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition,Joints of

16、 the pelvic girdle,Sacroiliac joint Vertebropelvic ligaments Pubic symphysis Bony pelvis,Sacroiliac joint,Bones: Auricular surface of sacrum and ilium,Sacroiliac joint,Capsule: Very tight and strengthened by ligaments,Iliolumbal ligament,runs from transverse process of L5 to the posterosuperior part

17、 of iliac crest,Iliolumbal ligament,Ligaments of the male pelvis Anterosuperior view,Sacrotuberous ligament,runs from lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to the inner margin of ischial tuberosity,Ligaments of the male pelvis Posterior view,Sacrospinous ligament,runs from ischial spine to lateral ma

18、rgins of sacrum and coccyx,ischial spine,Greater Sciatic notch,Lesser Sciatic notch,Sacrospinous ligament,runs from ischial spine to lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx,Greater Sciatic foramen,Lesser Sciatic foramen,Sacrospinous ligament,Greater Sciatic foramen Lesser Sciatic foramen,Pubic symphysi

19、s,Articulation: symphysial surface and interpubic disc (fibrocartilage),Pubic symphysis,Ligaments: superior pubic ligament and arcuate pubic ligament,Bony pelvis,Composition: formed by paired hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their articulations,Terminal line,Two portions: a greater pelvis a lesser pel

20、vis,Terminal line,formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pecten of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis,Lesser pelvis,Pelvic inlet Pelvic outlet,Pelvic outlet,formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, lowe

21、r border of pubic symphysis,Pelvic outlet,formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, lower border of pubic symphysis,Lesser pelvis,Pelvic cavity Pubic arch subpubic angle,Main difference between male and female pelvis,Main differen

22、ce between male and female pelvis,Thoracic cage VS Bony pelvis,Composition Inlet of thorax Outlet of thorax Infrasternal angle,Composition Pelvic inlet Pelvic outlet subpubic angle,骨盆Bony pelvis,In anatomical position, anterior superior iliac spines髂前上棘 and pubic tubercles 耻骨结节on same vertical plane

23、, while the tip of coccyx 尾骨尖and superior border of pubic symphysis 耻骨联合上缘 on same horizontal plane,骨盆,Joints of free lower limb,Hip joint Knee joint Tibiofibular syndesmosis Joint of foot,Hip joint,Bones: acetabulum and femoral head,Accessory structures,Acetabulum labrum,Articular capsule attachmen

24、ts,Above: margins of acetabulum and transverse acetebular ligament,Articular capsule attachments,Below: in front to intertrochanteric line;,Articular capsule attachments,Below: behind, to the neck of femur，1 cm above the intertrochanteric crest,Ligaments,Iliofemoral lig. Pubofemoral lig.,Iliofemoral

25、 lig,Ligaments,Ischiofemoral ligament,Ligaments,Ligament of head of femur,Ligaments,Ligament of head of femur,Ligaments,Zona orbicularis,Movement,flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction,Knee joint,Bones: lower end of femur, upper end of tibia and patella,

26、Knee joint,Articular capsule: superapatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar bursa, ala folds,ligaments,Patellar lig. Oblique popliteal ligament,Patellar lig.,Oblique popliteal lig.,ligaments,Fibular collateral lig. Tibial collateral lig.,ligaments,Tibial collateral lig.,ligaments,Fibular collateral lig.,

27、ligaments,Anterior cruciate lig. Posterior cruciate lig.,ligaments,Anterior cruciate lig. Posterior cruciate lig.,meniscus,Medial meniscus (C-shaped) lateral meniscus (O-shaped),meniscus,Medial meniscus (C-shaped) lateral meniscus (O-shaped),Movements,flexion and extension;,Movements,In semi-flexed

28、knee position, the joint allows slight abduction and adduction, and some rotation of the leg,Movements,In semi-flexed knee position, the joint allows slight abduction and adduction, and some rotation of the leg,Movements,In semi-flexed knee position, the joint allows slight abduction and adduction,

29、and some rotation of the leg,Tibiofibular syndesmosis,Tibiofibular joint Crural interosseous membrane Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments,Talocrural joint (ankle joint),Bones: lower ends of tibia and fibula, trochlea of talus,Talocrural joint (ankle joint),Bones: lower ends of tibia and fi

30、bula, trochlea of talus,Talocrural joint (ankle joint),Articular capsule: thin and lax in front and behind,Lateral lig.,Anterior talofibular lig.,Calcaneofibular lig.,Posterior talofibular lig.,Talocrural joint (ankle joint),and supported on each side by strong collateral ligaments,Medial lig.,Movements,Dosiflexion (extension) and plantar flexion (flexion);,Movements,when the ankle joint is fully plantar flexed, small amounts of abduction, and adduction are