Lesson6Chapter5PartI数词的翻译详解.ppt

1、EST Translation Chapter 5,Part I,Translation,1 You should also get used to saving your work as often as possible. PCs in general are not the most stable, and with video editing you have to be extra careful. 应养成经常保存文件的习惯。个人电脑一般不太稳定，所以进行视频编辑时就须加倍小心。 2 China is rich in antimony, tungsten, manganese, ir

2、on, etc. They are useful and necessary metals for heavy industry. 中国富有锑，钨，锰，铁等。这些都是重工业有用而必须的金属。,3 It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 看来这两个科学分支是互相依存，互相作用的。 4 Some atomic nuclei undergo spontaneous disintegration while others do not. 有些原子核会自发裂变，而另外一些则不会

3、。 5 所有的物质都有不同的热容量，而水的热容量在所有物质中最大。 All substances have different heat capacities, but water has one of the greatest of all.,Numerical Expressions in EST,1 Fraction 1/2 1/3 1/4 3/4 3/5 1/10 1/100,a/ one half a/ one third a/ one quarter (/fourth) three fourths/ three quarters three fifths a/ one tenth

4、a/ one hundredth,1/1000 113/300 1/2234 1 1/2 64 38/483,a/ one thousandth one hundred and thirteen over three hundred one over two thousand two hundred and thirty-four One and a half Sixty four and thirty-eight over four hundred eighty-three,2 Decimal,0.125 0.046 3.14,zero /naught point one two five

5、(naught) point naught four six / zero point zero four six three point one four,基本数目的常用前缀,unicycle, univalent, monatomic, monoplane, monoxide,bimetal, bisexual, biplane, diatomic, dioxide, dicotyledon,twiblade, twiforked,triangle, triatomic, trijet,amphicar, amphibian,quadruped, quadrangle, quadrilat

6、eral,tetrode,pentagon, pentoxide, pentatomic,quinquesection, quiquevalence,sexangle, sexfoil,hexode, hexagram,heptahedron, heptachord,octavalent,enneahedron,myriagram, myrialitre,数量数据翻译的基本规则,1)英美等国家的出版社在排版时遵循一条原则，即1至10用单词表示，10以上的数目用阿拉伯数字表示。 That test bench measures three meters by two. 那个测试台长3米，宽2米。

7、 The test persisted 12 hours. 测试持续了12个小时。,2)人数用阿拉伯数字表示，但不定数量、近似值用单词表示。 There are 384 voters on the electoral rolls. 选举名单上有384人投票。 Nearly one hundred procedures are stored in this computer. 计算机中储存了近100个测试程序。 表示一个大约数，可用：tens of , dozens of ,scores of ,hundreds of ,thousands of ,millions of 。,3)遇到日期、百分

8、比、带单位的特殊数字，通常用阿拉伯数字。 2nd May 1998 1998年5月2日 the 1990s = the 1990s = the nineteen nineties 20世纪90年代 a discount of 10 percent 10%的折扣 2 gallon oil 2加仑油,4)在科技文章中，数字频繁出现，多用阿拉伯数字表示。 The new engine has a capacity of 4.3 liters and an output power of 153 kilowatts at 4400 revolutions per minute. 这台新发动机的容积为4

9、.3升，转速为每分钟4400，输出功率为153千瓦。,5)句首和句末要尽量避免用阿拉伯数字。 Sixty percent projectiles（弹丸） are located in this area. 60%的弹丸都落在这一区域。 The test bench can locate the fault for ninety percent. 该测试台可定位出90%的故障。 6)遇到分数，可用带连字符的单词表示。 Oxygen forms about one-fifth of the atmosphere. 氧约占大气的五分之一。,a hundredth part three-fifths

10、parts three parts per (或in a ) million a (或one) part in 10000 a third part in 10000,百分之一 五分之三 百万分之三 万分之一 万分之三,还可用 part来表示分数,数量数据的翻译策略,A)当原文为阿拉伯数字且数字不大时，保存原文数字 The range of sounds audible by man is from 20 to 20,000 vibrations per second 人类所能听到的声音的音域是20-20,000赫兹。 B)将原文的单词转换为中文数字或阿拉伯数字 About ten men i

11、n every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way. 每一百个人中，大约有十个人患有不同程度的色盲。,C）转换计量单位 There may be as many as 100,000 different sorts of proteins in a mans body. 人体内不同种类的蛋白质高达十万/10万种. Our present atmosphere is about the same in composition as it was five hundred million years ago. 目前，大气的成分与五/5亿年

12、前大致相同。 D)直译+夹注 The nuclear power plant is located in a remote mountainous area, with a total area of 660 acres 这座核电站位于偏远的山区，占地660英亩.,I 数词的译法,1 数字的译法 直译 & 换算 Liquid bromine （溴）boils at 58C at which temperature it changes into a reddish-brown gas. 液态溴在58摄氏度时沸腾，在这个温度它变成红褐色的气体。 Move to the next operatio

13、n after the voltage reaches 150V. 等电压到了150伏时，进行下一个操作。 Tests have shown that the energy saving can rise about 40 percent. 试验证明，能量节约可增加40%左右。,2 不定数量的译法 (近似数) 1）在number, lot, score, decade, dozen, ten, hundred, thousand, million后+s a hundred and one 许多，无数 hundreds and thousands 数十万，几十万 millions of 千千万万

14、，数以百万计 （P87）,teens of ten to one the early 1990s up to 2.5 vol.% down to 480kg/t of the order of 4.5,十几（13-19） 十之八九 20世纪90年代初期 2.5 体积百分数 480公斤/吨 大约4.5,近似数-approximation,2) 超过,多达: above, more than, over, up to, odd, exceed, upwards of, or more, higher than, in excess of 3) 多达: asas, full, solid, at l

15、east, all of, no less than, 4) 以下, 不足: below, less than, under, no more than, short of, off, within, as few as 5) 大约, 将近: about, around, close(ly) to, nearly, or so, some, toward (s), approximately,表示程度,6) 从到/ 到: fromto, betweenand (to) 7) 正好，整整: flat, cool, sharp, exactly, whole, just 8) 数目小/数量少:on

16、ly, merely, barely, scarcely, but, at most, no more than, scant,A lot of counties have set up power stations, chemical fertilizer plants and a hundred and one other factories. 许多县已建立了发电站、化肥厂以及许多别的工厂。 Professor Smith finished the experiment in twenty-four hours flat. 史密斯教师完成这一项实验正好用了24小时的时间。 It is ne

17、arly/ toward 4oclock. 将近4点钟。,Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with the carbon content more than two percent. 生铁是铁碳合金，其中碳含量超过2%。 It took three years less than one month for them to develop the new material. 他们花了三年差一个月研制这种新材料。 The motor ran 450 solid days on end. 马达连续运转了足有450天。,Inspection time

18、for the installation was no more than 2 hours. 检验安装工作仅用了两个小时。 The energy of the fuel wasted by the reciprocating steam engine is between 80 and (to) 85 percent. 往复式蒸汽机浪费的燃料能量为80%至85%。,3 倍数增减的译法 1)倍数增加 (1) 增加到N倍（包含基数） 增加了N-1倍（不包含基数） increase + by + N times increase + N times increase + to + N times W

19、ith the result of automation, productivity has increased by 5 times in that factory. 由于自动化的结果，那个工厂的生产率提高到5倍。,The sales of industrial electronic products have increased to six times. 工业电子产品的销售额增加了5倍。 The output of the machine tools has multiplied four times. 机床产量增加了3倍。 表示倍数增加，除了用increase，还可用raise，ris

20、e，go up，amount to等。,(2)倍数比较 “A是 B的 N倍” （净增N-1倍） “A比B大（N1）倍” A is N times + larger than B A is N times + as +large + as B A is larger than B by N times A is N times B A is N times + n./ that of B,This type of furnace uses 4 times more electricity than that type does. 这种炉的耗电量是那种炉耗电量的4倍。 This rod is 4

21、times longer than that one. 这根杆比那根长3倍。 The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom. 氧原子的原子量几乎是氢原子量的16倍。,The atomic weight of helium is four times heavier than that of hydrogen. 氦原子量比氢原子量重3倍。 In rolling bearing the starting friction is about twice the running friction. 滚动轴承的启动摩擦大

22、概是转动摩擦的2倍。 The average energy consumed per head of population in the U.S is over 100 times that of the worlds poorest countries. 按人口计算，美国的平均耗能量是世界上最贫穷国家耗能量的一百倍以上。,(3) increase + by a factor of n “增加了 (N-1)倍” 或 “增加到N倍” The current has increased by a factor of three. 电流增加了2倍。 (4) be + N times + over/u

23、pon “增加了 (N-1)倍” 或 “增加到N倍”。 This year the value of our industrial output is five times over that of 1952. 今年，我国的工业产值比1952年增加了四倍。,(5) as many/large/heavy/muchagain as “是两倍” 或“比大/多/重一倍”。 The driving gear turns as fast again as the driven gear. 主动齿轮的转速为从动齿轮的两倍。 (6) double/twice “是两倍”或“比大/多/重一倍”。 Every

24、10 months the number of people with AIDS doubles in U.S. 在美国，患艾滋病的人数每十个月就增加一倍。,(7) triple/treble “三倍于”或“(比原来)增加两倍”。例如： Between 1950 and 1973 the number of telephones in the USA more than tripled , with an addition of 90 million telephones. 1950年至1973年间, 美国的电话机增加了九千万只, 总数比原来增加了两倍以上。 quadruple 四倍， qui

25、ntuple 五倍， sextuple 六倍， septuple 七倍，octuple 八倍,2) 倍数减少 “减少了几分之几”或 “减少到原来的几分之几”。 decrease + by + N times （N=3） decrease + N times decrease + by + a factor of + N N times adj.比较级+ than V. reduce. shorten, weaken, go down , fall,The leads of the new condenser are shortened by six times. 新型电容器的引线缩短了5/6。

26、 The operation of cost decreased by five times. 成本运行降至1/5。 The loss of electricity was reduced by a factor of four. 电损减少了3/4。 The pipe is four times lighter than that one. 这根管子重量是那根的1/4。,4 百分数的译法 1) 表示增减意义的v. + by + n% : 照译 2)表示减少意义的v. + to + n%: 减少到 3) n%+比较级+than : 照译 4) n%+比较级+n.:照译 5) a (n) n%+

27、increase : 照译 6) n%+ of + n./pron.:是 n%,Weld strength can be increased by 45 percent. 焊接强度可增加45%。 Tests have shown that the energy consuming can be reduced by 30 percent. 试验证明，能量消耗可减低30%。 The loss of energy has been reduced to less than 10 percent. 能量损耗可减至不足10%。,Its grain output was 18 percent highe

28、r than that in 1998. 其粮食产量比1998年高出18%。 The steel output is 30 percent higher than that of last year. 钢产比去年增加了30%。,5 特殊数量词词组的译法 a long hour a long hundred a long dozen Ten to one, the experiment is unlikely to produce good results. 十有八九，这项试验不可能得出好的结果。 These figures show that the improvement of molecu

29、lar refraction （分子折射度）is within a factor of ten. 这些数字表明分子折射度的改进值为一个数量级。,总复习,Usually, a 2cm adjustment of the machine is enough to bring the pressure back to normal. 通常，把机器调整2厘米就足以使压力恢复正常。 Less than a quarter of the energy of a human engine is converted into mechanical energy. 人体发出的不到1/4的能量转变为机械能。 Hydrogen is the lightest gas, its density being 0.0894 g/l. 氢是最轻的气体，其密度为0.0894克/升。,Translation,1 Regardless of how large or small the circle is, its perimeter is a l