chapter 2 phonetics and phonology.ppt

1、,Phonetics & phonology,Phonetics,Phonetic transcription,dark l,Narrow transcription: diacritics,h,vowels,Describing Vowels: e.g. i:-front, close, long Exercise: P30 戴炜栋,Front, close, short Back, semi-open, long,Give the phonetic symbol for each of the following sound description:,Give the phonetic f

2、eatures of each of the following sounds:,u 2. ,Monophthongs Diphthongs,consonants,Manner,方式,Stops塞音 Fricatives擦音 Affricates塞擦音 Liquids流音 Nasals鼻音 Glides音渡,how,P29 梅德明 P20 戴炜栋,Describing consonants: e.g. p-voiceless bilabial stop Exercise: P30 戴炜栋,Give the phonetic symbol for each of the following so

3、und description:,Voiced palatal affricate Voiceless labiodental fricative Voiced alveolar stop Voiceless bilabial stop,Give the phonetic features of each of the following sounds:,d l t w,phonology,Difference,Difference: an example-l sound,Phone, phoneme, allophone, phonemic contrast, complementary d

4、istribution, minimal pair,Some rules in phonology Sequential rules example 1: /k/ /b/ /l/ /i/ possible words are blik, klib, bilk, kilb example 2: if a word begins with a l or a r, then the next sound must be a vowel example 3: if 3 consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the

5、first phoneme must be /s/, the second must be /p/, /t/, /k/, the third /l/, /r/, /w/,Assimilation rule,e.g. metal admit pecks vs. bags happens telephone call congress,spelling,Illegal Irregular Immature impossible,Practice the following phrases and identify all the instances of assimilation.,wine bo

6、ttle brown bread ten more one more brown paint Hyde Park in case ten cows wine glass green grocery third prize green park,Deletion rule Example 1: sign, design, paradigm-no g signature, designation, paradigmatic-g is pronounced. rule: delete a g when it occurs before a final nasal consonant.,Example

7、 2: t is not pronounced,that person light blue meat pie quite good cut through get those that case bright color,Other examples,sandwich cupboard blackboard handsome waistcoat workshop wildcat shock-wave next stop a great deal a bad boy not tall a good job used to blood test big noise,Suprasegmental

8、features,Stress: Word stress increase (v)-increase (n) blackbird (a kind of bird) blackbird(any bird that is black in color) 2. Sentence stress John bought a red bicycle.,Meaning difference depending on stress difference,1. She did not marry him because she loved him. 2. Those who sold quickly made

9、a profit.,intonation,Falling tone-fact Rising tone-question Fall-rise tone-implication Rise-fall tone-not frequently used Thats not the book he wants.,Read the following dialogue in right intonation,Teacher: Jack, give us two pronouns. Jack: Who? me? Teacher: Very good!,pause,Women without her man i

10、s nothing.,Syllables,English syllable Chinese syllable cccvcccc cvcc glimpsed final consonant (n or ng) X: ducker wifu dogers pulease Its too bigger.,Japanese borrowing original word chiiizu butter hamu necktie remon beefsteak nekutai lemon sarada ham bifuteki cheese bata salad,Rapid speech,palatali

11、zation: did you Phonetic syllabification: hand in, there are Vowel reduction: famous, movement, to go Contraction: Im, Ive done it. Elision: I got to go. 56 不知道，你去或者她去。,Finding rules: Pronunciation of ed,d after all voiced consonants except d,and all vowels. e.g. played, judged, rowed t after all voiceless consonant