sons-and-lovers.ppt

1、劳伦斯是20世纪初最著名的英国小说家之一。儿子与情人是他写作的最重要的一部小说。这部小说不仅被大众所广泛阅读,并在知识分子的圈中为劳伦斯带来了很高的声名。 小说中,劳伦斯认为工业文明的最大恶果不仅是破坏了美丽的大自然,更为严重的是压抑了人的自然本性,破坏了人与人之间尤其是男人与女人之间的天然关系,所以他十分愤恨工业主义的文明,并且希望通过在男人与女人之间建立一种新的关系来挽救。作为劳伦斯最重要的小说之一,儿子与情人十分关注并致力于描写那个时代的精神混乱和道德混乱状况。通过作品,劳伦斯批判了虚伪理性对人性的干预,呼唤自然人性的回归,并提出了在那个时期他对伦理道德观的看法。正是在这一点上他更是体现

2、为一位伦理思想家。 工业主义为经济生活的巨变和争霸对个人心理影响是巨大的。经济的转型必然带来上层建筑的变化人的思想意识(包括伦理道德观念和价值观)、人际关系(尤其是男女关系)、人的自然天性等等都随之发生深刻变化。 儿子与情人在探求伦理自由的道路上也对现代世界的虚伪理性的统治地位提出了质疑。 劳伦斯认为只有消除心智意识及社会理性对人性的压抑和摧残,从被传统侵蚀的精神和思维等虚伪文明解放出来,才能建立两性和谐的世界。在两性完美结合的基础上,还应在同性之间建立真诚的友谊。同时回归自然,建立人与自然的和谐统一关系。,Plot Summary of Sons and Love,The life of t

3、he Morel family is unhappy, tense, and uneasy. The Morels live in a mining town in the countryside. Walter Morel is a miner, and he and his wife, Gertrude, have two children, William and Annie, and are expecting their third child. When their third child, Paul, is born, Mrs. Morel does not really wan

4、t the new baby. Her life is full with handling her husbands temper and caring for the children. She hates that she has to stay home with the children while her husband gets to go out and enjoy himself (i.e. drink). After the birth of their fourth child, Arthur, the Morel family is complete. Mrs. Mor

5、el transfers her affections from her husband to her first son, William, who is intelligent and active. He is the apple of his mothers eye, winning awards, doing well in school and finding jobs easily. When William goes to London for a job, Mrs. Morel is devastated. William comes home, bringing with

6、him his fiancee, a young lady who treats the Morels like servants. Having spent too much time at work and with his fiancee, William catches pneumonia and dies. After Williams death, Mrs. Morel turns her love and attention to Paul. Paul, always sensitive and emotional, gets a job at Thomas Jordans, a

7、 surgical applicances factory and strikes a friendship with Miriam Leivers. Mrs. Morel does not like Miriam because in her view Miriam takes all of Pauls energy, desire, and feelings with nothing left of him for her. Miriam introduces Paul to Clara Dawes, whose mother is friendly with Mrs. Leivers a

8、nd who is separated from her husband, Baxter Dawes.,儿子与情人情节简介,After Paul and Miriam have sex, he decides that they are not good for each other, and breaks off their relationship, to Miriams anger and bitterness. Paul heads into an intensely sexual relationship with Clara. Miriam is jealous that the

9、Morels have accepted Clara as Pauls lover when they have not liked her at all. Paul and Clara share a passionate, sexual relationship. As much as Paul thinks that he is happy, his mother believes otherwise; she knows in her heart that Clara will tire her son out. Baxter Dawes and Paul have a fight;

10、the fight leaves Paul in great pain and a great dislike for Claras husband. Although both men severely hate each other, they feel connected to each other. Mrs. Morel falls gravely ill because of a tumor. The doctor who tends to her tells Paul that Dawes is in the hospital for his fever. Paul calls o

11、n Dawes in the hospital and the two men somewhat reconcile. When Paul tells Clara that Dawes is ill, Clara unexpectedly declares that her husband had treated her with more respect and had loved her more than Paul ever did. Clara returns to Dawes. Meanwhile, Mrs. Morel grows weaker. Knowing that she

12、is prolonging her death to live for Paul, Paul and Annie fear that she will live longer than she can emotionally survive. Paul and Annie cannot stand to see their beloved mother live in such pain that they give her an extra dosage of morphine. Mrs. Morel dies. Paul goes to see Miriam. They ponder ge

13、tting married, but Paul confesses that he has no desire nor any intention of marrying her. Miriam decides to wait as long as it takes for him to come to her. Paul returns home, thinking about the bond he shares with his mother. Their love is still alive in him, even though she has died.,Plot Summary

14、 of Sons and Lovers,儿子与情人这部书很大程度上取材于劳伦斯的个人生活经验。后来的评论家们认为：这是一部具有自传性质的作品。,书中人物原型： Pual Morel Lawrance himself Mrs Morel Lawrances mother ,Lydia Miriam Leivers Lawrances first love ,Jessie Chambers Clara Dawes Lawrances lover, Alice Dax,劳伦斯的恋母情结与杰茜的爱情，构成了儿子与情人的两条主线。,Abstract in his theory of psychoanal

15、ysis, Freud introduced the term “Oedipus complex” also called “Mother fixation” according to the Ancient Greece and Rome mythology in which Oedipus who killed his father and married his mother to designate a boys strong love for and attachment to his mother and consequent jealousy and hatred towards

16、 his father. Unconsciously the boy may even nourish a desire to kill his father and marry his mother. This is a crucial stage in the normal psycho-sexual developmental process, and those who fail to pass the stage will be unable to establish a normal man-woman relationship when they grow up. (The fe

17、male version is called the Electra complex.),Oedipus complex 从劳伦斯及其作品儿子与情人看恋母情结,弗洛伊德在其精神分析学说中根据古希腊罗马神话俄狄浦斯王子杀父娶母而提出“俄狄浦斯”亦称“恋母情结”这个概念，认为三岁至五岁的男孩会自然而然地恋母嫉父，并在潜意识中存着杀父娶母的欲望；不能顺利度过这一阶段的男孩成年之后往往难以确立正常的恋爱或夫妻关系。,走进英国作家劳伦斯岁前的故居，但见前厅雅致大方，钢琴，靠椅，沙发，瓷器摆设，没人会相信这是矿工之家。劳伦斯的母亲控制着这个家，她对优雅生活的追求使她与矿工丈夫反目，同时她在家中孤立丈夫，强

18、化了母子之间的爱，使儿子的恋母情结日甚一日，最终成为一种固结，严重影响了儿子与其他女性的爱情。这一点对他的儿子与情人的写作无疑意义重大。,Oedipus complex 从劳伦斯及其作品儿子与情人看恋母情结,D.H. Lawrence was aware of Freuds theory, and Sons and Lovers famously uses the Oedipus complex as its base for exploring Pauls relationship with his mother. Paul is hopelessly devoted to his moth

19、er, and that love often borders on romantic desire. Lawrence writes many scenes between the two that go beyond the bounds of conventional mother-son love.Completing the Oedipal equation, Paul murderously hates his father and often fantasizes about his death. Paul assuages his guilty, incestuous feel

20、ings by transferring them elsewhere, and the greatest receivers are Miriam and Clara (note that transference is another Freudian term). However, Paul cannot love either woman nearly as much as he does his mother, though he does not always realize that this is an impediment to his romantic life. The

21、older, independent Clara, especially, is a failed maternal substitute for Paul. In this setup, Baxter Dawes can be seen as an imposing father figure; his savage beating of Paul, then, can be viewed as Pauls unconsciously desired punishment for his guilt. Pauls eagerness to befriend Dawes once he is

22、ill (which makes him something like the murdered father) further reveals his guilt over the situation.,Oedipus complex 从劳伦斯及其作品儿子与情人看恋母情结,Mrs. Morel takes neither of her two elder sons (the first of whom dies early, which further intensifies her grip on Paul) as a literal lover, but nonetheless her

23、psychological snare is immense. She loathes Pauls Miriam from the start, understanding that the girls deep love of her son will oust her: Shes not like an ordinary woman, who can leave me my share in him. She wants to absorb him. Meanwhile, Paul plays his part with equal fervor, incapable of committ

24、ing himself in either direction: Why did his mother sit at home and suffer?. And why did he hate Miriam, and feel so cruel towards her, at the thought of his mother. If Miriam caused his mother suffering, then he hated her-and he easily hated her. Soon thereafter he even confesses to his mother: I r

25、eally dont love her. I talk to her, but I want to come home to you.,Oedipus complex 从劳伦斯及其作品儿子与情人看恋母情结,But Lawrence adds a twist to the Oedipus complex: Mrs. Morel is saddled with it as well. She desires both William and Paul in near-romantic ways, and she despises all their girlfriends. She, too, e

26、ngages in transference, projecting her dissatisfaction with her marriage onto her smothering love for her sons. At the end of the novel, Paul takes a major step in releasing himself from his Oedipus complex. He intentionally overdoses his dying mother with morphia, an act that reduces her suffering

27、but also subverts his Oedipal fate, since he does not kill his father, but his mother.,The cycles of Pauls relationships with these three women are terrifying at times, and Lawrence does nothing to dim their intensity. Nor does he shirk in his vivid, sensuous descriptions of the landscape that offer

28、s up its blossoms and beasts and shimmeriness to Pauls sensitive spirit. Sons and Lovers lays fully bare the souls of men and earth. Few books tell such whole, complicated truths about the permutations of love as resolutely without resolution. Its nothing short of searing to be brushed by humanity i

29、n this manner.,Oedipus complex 从劳伦斯及其作品儿子与情人看恋母情结,最有人伦的不伦之爱，这是一种爱情，最起码也要算是爱情之树上的一个分叉。,Oedipus complex 从劳伦斯及其作品儿子与情人看恋母情结,在这部争议很大的作品里，人们探讨的更多的是心理层次和社会层次方面的东西。很多的时候把融在里面的爱情，解释为一种情节Odipus Complex，这个源于古希腊的英语词汇，虽然历史很悠久，但却让人们研究了几千年，直到今天，还没有一个真正的结果。 也许人类不敢正视自己身上存在着的和现实社会不协调的东西，也许这个社会已经形成了一个定势，没有人能够去打破。我们只有

30、沿着自己为自己设定的道路，走下去，永不回头。,Major Character,Paul Morel ： Paul is the protagonist of the novel, and we follow his life from infancy to his early twenties. He is sensitive, temperamental, artistic (a painter), and unceasingly devoted to his mother. They are inseparable; he confides everything in her, works

31、 and paints to please her, and nurses her as she dies. Paul has ultimately unsuccessful romances with Miriam Leiver and Clara Dawes, always alternating between great love and hatred for each of them. His relationship fails with Miriam because she is too sacrificial and virginal to claim him as hers,

32、 whereas it fails with Clara because, it seems, she has never given up on her estranged husband. However, the major reason behind Pauls break-ups is the long shadow of his mother; no woman can ever equal her in his eyes, and he can never free himself from her possession.,Gertrude Morel: Pauls mother

33、. Intensely hates her role as Walter Morels wife and wishes that she were not the wife of a miner. Hates that her husband drinks excessively and cannot control himself. She focuses all of her love and attention from her husband to her two older sons. First she devotes herself to William and is very

34、jealous of Williams relationship with his fiancee. She resents that William allows Lily to treat Annie like a servant. After Williams death, she clings to Paul. She severely dislikes Miriam and believes that Clara is not good for Paul either. In the last few painful months of her life, she struggles

35、 to live for Paul. Paul and Annie give her morphia to stop her pain and die.,Major Character,Miriam Leivers: Miriam is a beautiful ,virginal and religious girl who lives on a farm near the Morels, and she is Pauls first love. She loves him more than he loves her. However, their relationship takes ag

36、es to move beyond the Platonic and into the romantic. She loves Paul deeply, but he never wants to marry her and belong to her, in his words. Rather, he sees her more as a sacrificial, spiritual soul mate and less as a sensual, romantic lover. Mrs. Morel, who feels threatened by Miriams intellectual

37、ity, always reinforces his disdain for Miriam. Paul gets frustrated and furious with the way she absorbs everything in her soul and cannot fathom why she has to treat everything with so much depth and intensity.,Major Character,Clara Dawes: The older, defiant woman with whom Paul has a sexual and pa

38、ssionate relationship. Unlike the intellectual Miriam, Clara seems to represent the body. Her sensuality attracts Paul, as does her elusiveness and mysteriousness. She is a married woman, but she is separated from her husband. At first, Paul felt that Clara left Dawes because she hated him, but he s

39、oon realizes that she does care for Dawes a great deal. Clara can satisfy him sexually in what Miriam could not. Yet Paul tires of Clara because he can see that she does not belong to him. She loses this elusiveness as their affair continues ,not only does Paul know that she still wants her husband,

40、 he notices that Clara does not want to be with him when he is troubled or worried. Clara returns to her husband after Paul tells her that Dawes has been ill for some time.,Major Character,Walter Morel: Father of Paul Morel, husband of Gertrude Morel. Works as a miner. His temper is susceptible to q

41、uick anger and emotion. When he was courting Gertrude, he was a handsome man and a fine dancer. His wife hates him because he gets to enjoy himself drinking while she stays home caring for the children. Gertrudes hatred for her husband begins with his excessive drunken fits and his temper. Morel doe

42、s not have a close relationship to any of his children.,Major Character,本书在写作技巧方面的一个最明显的特点是作者对自然景色,尤其是对花鸟的描写特别集中,而且经常出现。这是因为作者把自然景色的描写看成叙述人与自然关系的重要方法,所以不厌其详,不惮其烦。仔细阅读的话,我们可以看到书中有些片段是写得比较成功的,堪称情景交融,对刻画人物心理起到烘云托月的作用。书中这类描写比比皆是,不胜枚举,有的如恬静的田园诗,有的如素朴的风景画,读来回味无穷。,Sons and Lovers has a great deal of descri

43、ption of the natural environment. Often, the weather and environment reflect the characters emotions through the literary technique of pathetic fallacy. The description is frequently eroticized, both to indicate sexual energy and to slip pass the censors in Lawrences repressive time. Lawrences chara

44、cters also experience moments of transcendence while alone in nature, much as the Romantics did. More frequently, characters bond deeply while in nature. Lawrence uses flowers throughout the novel to symbolize these deep connections. However, flowers are sometimes agents of division, as when Paul is

45、 repulsed by Miriams fawning behavior towards the daffodil.,Writing Skills,She hurried out of the side garden to the front,where she could stand as if in an immense gulf of white light, the moonstreaming high in face of her,the moonlight standing up from the hills in front, and filling the valley where the Bottoms crouched,almost bl