Grammar 直间接引语.ppt

1、Grammar,Direct 一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语， (Indirect speech)，间接引语不用引号。,I am a beautiful girl.,She said that she was a beautiful girl.,What did the girl say?,4类别：,类别1:直接引语为祈使句 类别2:直接引语为陈述句 类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句 类别4:直接引语为一般疑问句,陈述句 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. th

2、at, told sb. that，不可直接说told that,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,Sarah,He said, “I have been to Japan.” He said to us that he had been to Japan. She said, “Ill give you an exam

3、tomorrow.” She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked (me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序。,一般疑问句,Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the cond

4、ition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested

5、 in English.,Tod said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.,注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能省略.,Tod said, “ There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change (零钱)”,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask (sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,特殊疑问句,When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They a

6、sked him ),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,He said to me，“Where are you from?” He asked me where I was from. He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?” He asked us how many factories there wer

7、e in our country.,He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take bus or on foot?” I asked him whether he would take bus or on foot.,选择疑问句,用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,1.祈使句的间接引语采用 “动词+宾语+不定式”结构。如果祈使句是否定式，在不定式前面加not。,祈使句,2.谓语动词

8、要做一定变化。,表示命令，用tell，order，command等。 表示请求，用ask，beg，request等。 表示忠告，用 advise。,不定式 The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,that 引导的宾语从句 I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.,that/what/how引导的宾语从句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,例如： He said, Lets go to the film

9、. He suggested going to the film. 或He suggested that they should go to see the film.,直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用 “suggest +动名词（或从句）。”,5. 注意地点的变化,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,2. 注意时态的变化,1. 注意人称变化。,3. 注意指示代词的变化,4. 注意时间的变化,6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化,人称的变化规律,She said that she liked tennis.,She said,“ I like tennis.”,结论

10、1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称 保持一致。 一随主,结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称 保持一致。 二随宾,He said to Lily, “ you must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,结论3：当直接引语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。 三不变,She said to me , “ They want to help him.”,She told me that they wanted to help him.,从句动词时态不变 S

11、he often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,时态的变化规律,一般现在时 “I know it,” he said.,一般过去时 He said that he knew it.,现在进行时 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all.,现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” said he.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her bef

12、ore.,现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”,过去完成进行时 He said he had been doing it for hours.,一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,过去进行时 “I was waiting for Jim,” she said.,过去完成进行时 She said she had been waiting for Jim.,过去完成时 “ Do you kn

13、ow Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,过去完成时 Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般将来时 He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”,过去将来时 He said they would start the next day.,that those then before/earlier that day the next/following day,指

14、示代词、时间状语、地点状语 和动词的变化规律,in two days time the day before the night before two days before go take there,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点,1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变,2.被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作,He said,“The earth goes around the sun.”,He said that the earth goes around the sun.,The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six ev

15、ery day.”,The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,3. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变,The children said, “We love this game.”,They told us that they love that game.,4.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。,She says, “Ill never forget the

16、days in the country.”,5.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时, 时态不变。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.,6. 若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old.,7. 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时。如： She said, “We should help each other.” She said we should help each other.,She said to me: “Y