否定句的翻译.ppt

1、否定句的翻译,英语除了借助助词来表达否定之外，还借用句子结构和特殊表达方式来表达诸如全部否定、部分否定、双重否定、意义否定等概念 汉语主要借助于否定词，如“不、非、否、勿、别、无、未、莫、不是、没有、决不、毫无、几乎没有、几乎不”等来表达 注意英汉否定的不同表达，采取恰当的译法，使译文与原文意义相符,一、全部否定,语里表达全部否定的主要有：no, none, not, never, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither nor等 全部否定的英语句子一般直接翻译为汉语的否定句。,Nowadays it is not difficult to go abroad. 现

2、如今出国并不难。 The boy was nowhere to be found. 到处都找不到那个男孩。 None of these substances are good conductors. 这些物质都不是良导体。 This substance is neither yellow, nor black. 这种物质既非黄色，也非黑色。,Nobody knew where he had come from before. 之前没有谁知道他从哪里来。 There is nothing in the container. 容器里什么也没有。 Never touch such a switch

3、when your hands are wet. 严禁用湿手触碰开关。,二、部分否定,英语部分否定通常是由all, every, both, always, many, often 等词与not 相结合而成 Not可放在这些词的前面，也可放于谓语中 一般翻译为“不都是，不全是，不总是，未必都，并非，不常，不怎么”等,not every 不是每个，只是有些 Every electric motor here is not new. 这儿的电动机并不是每一台都是新的。 Every one cannot run the machine. 并非人人都能开这台机器。,not all 不全是，只有一些 A

4、ll the novelists detective cases, however, were not successful. 然而，那位小说家的侦探案例并不都是那么成功。 I do not remember all the formulas. 这些公式我并不完全都记得。,All that glitters is not gold. 发光的东西不一定都是金子。 All men are not honest. 字面：所有人都是不诚实的（?）。 应译：所有人不都是诚实的。 All men are dishonest. No man is honest. 所有人都是不诚实的。,All my frie

5、nds do not smoke. 我的朋友并不是各个都抽烟。 None of my friends smoke. 我的朋友都不抽烟。 I do not know all of them. 我对于他们并不个个都认识。 I know none of them. I do not know any of them. 我对于他们一个也不认识。,All his toys cannot make him happy. 即使他的全部玩具也不能使他快乐！ 有时表示：“即使全部的也不” It did not rain all the month. （1）并非整月都下雨。 （2）整个一个月都没下雨。 There

6、 was no rain all the month. 整个一个月都没下雨。 （葛传槼，英语惯用法P38）,not both 两个不都，只有一个 Both of the answers are not right. 两种答案并非都对。 Both of the instruments are not precise. 这两台仪器并非都精确。 Both sisters (Both the sisters/Both of the sisters) are not here. The sisters are not both here. 姐妹两人并不都在这里。 Neither sister (Neit

7、her of the sisters) is here. 姐妹两人都不在这里。,not always 不总是，有时 But friction is not always useless, in certain cases it becomes a helpful necessity. 然而摩擦并不总是无用的，在某些情况下它是有益的，必需的。 not often 不常，有时 He did not often come here. 他不常来此。,三、双重否定,一个句子中用两个否定词 两个否定等于一个肯定 很多双重否定与直接肯定还是有很大的区别的 双重否定表示强烈的肯定语气，为了保留这种强烈的语气，

8、有时必须保持这种双重否定，直接译为汉语的双重否定句,（1）译为汉语的肯定句,Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 有志者事竟成。 There is not any advantage without disadvantage. 有一利必有一弊。 It is none other than zine. 这就是锌。,（2）译为汉语的双重否定句,There are no difficulties that we cannot overcome. 没有我们克服不了的困难。（比较：我们能克服一切困难。） He cannot but agree. 他不得不同意

9、。 There is no story without coincidence. 无巧不成书。 There is no one but answers it. 没有一人回答不上来。,You should not get off until the bus stops 公共汽车停下来以前不要下车。 No flow of water occurs unless there is a difference in pressure. 没有压差，水就不会流动。 I do not want to study English language less for its difficulty. 我并不因英语难

10、学就不想学。,四、形式肯定，意义否定,形式上是肯定句，但由于含有表示否定意义的一些词或词组，使句子具有否定的意义 一般可直接译成汉语的否定句,Friction consumes energy without doing useful work. 摩擦消耗能量，但不作有效功。（由于without而具有否定意义，表示“没有”） Few people would like to do such a job. 很少有人愿意做这个工作。（few 表示“很少有人”） Atoms are too small to see. 原子太小看不见。（tooto表示“太而不” ） I am far from thin

11、king him wrong. 我决不认为他错了。（far from表示“决不，一点也不”）,But for the suns light and heat, life would be impossible. 要是没有太阳的光和热，地球上就不可能有生命。 Note that we are talking about mass, rather than weight. 注意我们在讨论质量而不是重量。,五、形式否定，意义肯定,形式上是否定的，但表达的意义却是肯定的 特别是有的句子具有特殊的肯定含义，如修辞、强调等 一般情况下这些句子可译成汉语的肯定句，不过也要注意其特殊含义。,（1）cannot

12、 too much 再也不为过，越越好 You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 This point cannot be overemphasized. 这一点应该特别强调。 You cannot begin the practice too early. 练习开始得越早越好。,（2）no less than 与一样 A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 和马是哺乳动物一样，鲸也是哺乳动物。 He is no less guilty than you. 他和你同样有罪。 Our soldiers fought w

13、ith no less daring than skill. 我们的士兵战斗既勇敢又熟练。,（3）no more than 只，仅仅 He has no more than $10. 他只有十块钱。,六、否定转移,有的句子从形式上看否定的是一个名词短语，但实际上否定的是谓语动词 有时形式上否定的是谓语动词，实际上否定的是另一个名词短语 有时形式上否定的是主句，实际上否定的是从句,否定转移的翻译可从以下三个方面来分析 名词短语的否定转移到谓语动词的否定 主句部分的否定转移到从句部分的否定 谓语动词的否定转移为状语的否定,(1)名词短语的否定转移到谓语动词的否定,一般译为“不+动词”。 At no

14、 time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国在任何时候任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。 We know of no effective way to store solar energy. 我们不知道储藏太阳能的有效办法。 A transformer provides no power of its own. 变压器本身不产生电力。,（2）主句部分的否定转移到从句部分的否定,表示看法和想法的动词，如：think, suppose, believe等，其否定形式在意义上是对从

15、句的否定， 翻译时要将否定转移到从句上,I dont suppose they will arrive on time. 我想他们不会准时回来。 I dont think it is good to marry early. 我认为早婚没有什么好处。 I dont believe its true. 我想这不是真的。,（3）谓语动词的否定转移为状语的否定,He does not study in our class. 他不在我们班学习。 She did not come to school by bus. 他不是乘公共汽车上学的。 We should not look down upon th

16、e man because he is out of employment. 我们不要因为那人失业就瞧不起他。,总的来说，英语否定的形式和用法非常丰富，翻译时不仅要注意其形式上的特点，更要注意其真实意义，千万不要为形式所迷惑。,Exercise,No person writes a scientific paper merely to communicate technical information, nor does anyone read such a paper merely to be better informed. I cannot state too strongly my a

17、ppreciation of the part you played in the negotiation in order to bring about the desired result. It is nothing less than robbery to ask such a high price. We hope to invite no less a person than a professor. There is no rule but has exceptions.,The seed does not complain because there are stones an

18、d turf in its way. All the great truths are obvious truths. But all obvious truths are not great. It is impossible to make more than the widest guess at how many they will kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. You should not despise a man because he is poor.,参

19、考译文,No person writes a scientific paper merely to communicate technical information, nor does anyone read such a paper merely to be better informed. 没有人仅仅是为了介绍技术信息才写科学论文的，同样也没有人仅仅是为了更好地了解信息而去读这些论文的。 I cannot state too strongly my appreciation of the part you played in the negotiation in order to bring about the desired result. 为了到达预想的结果，你在谈判中起了很大的作用，对于这一点我怎么感谢也不过分。,It is nothing le