语法填空终结篇.ppt

1、语法填空终结篇,1.命题分析,广东高考英语的语法填空题突出综合运用语言能力的考查，着重在语篇中考查考生的语法运用能力，强调语法知识在实际语言中的正确运用，其命题特点如下： 1.短文长度：在150-200词之间 2.命题形式： （1）纯空格形式：考生需要根据语境在每个空格处 填入一个合适的词，这类题大约有7小题，主要 考查连词、介词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词等。 （2）提供单词原形：主要提供的是动词，形容词，名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有3小题。,2.解题技巧,根据语境判断词义 根据句子成分确定词性 纯空格形式 根据句子类型确定词类 根据固定搭配、典型句型确定所填词语 动词

2、提供单词原形 形容词或副词 名词,07 高考 31. 动词时态 34. 过去分词 32. 从属连词 36.从属连词:关副 33. 介词 39. 介词 38. 副词(派生词) 40. 代词 35. 冠词 a 37. 形容词,08 高考 40. 动词时态 32. 不定式 35. 从属连词 37. 并列连词 36. 介词 31. 介词 39. 形容词(派生词) 33. 代词 34. 代词 38. 副词(比较级),09 高考 34. 动词时态 40. 被动语态 32. 不定式 35. 从属连词:关副 37. 介词 39. 介词 36. 名词(派生词) 38. 代词 31. 非人称代词it 33. 冠词

3、 a,一.纯空格形式,根据语境线索确定所填单词的含义： 例1. When you read a story in English, do you read it for the story _ for the English? This is a question 解析：for the story 和for the English 是选择关系 答案： or 例2. _An_ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women _2_ any clothes on, and he tried to keep the small girl

4、 out _when_ he was doing this. 解析：根据语境得知，画家画的是裸女 答案： without,1. 根据语境判断词义,2.根据句子成分确定词性,（1）主语、宾语一般由名词、代词充当，注意动名词和动词不定式 （2）谓语主要由动词充当，注意判断其时态或者语态 （3）表语、定语、补语一般由形容词充当，注意动名词、现在分词、过去分词 （4）状语主要由副词充当,例3. He asked his teacher, “ Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?” （2010广东） 解析：缺少宾语，用it

5、指代前文的water 答案：it 例4. _7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook 解析： to use the Internet properly是句子的真正主语， 前面需要有形式主语，注意句型it is +adj. for sb. to do sth. 答案： it,3. 根据句子类型确定词类,（1）并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句；可以根据句子的内在联系来判断连词，如同等关系and, 转折关系but, 选择关系or, 因果关系so等。 例6. He was very

6、 tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher (high).（2008广东） 解析：very tiredvery happy 存在转折关系 答案：but 例7. Most of them get _useful_ information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies. 解析：前后两个动作get和use都是同一个主语发出，存在顺承关系 答案：and,（2）状语

7、从句：当确定为状语从句后，判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，从而确定从属连词。 例8. Bill Gates, worth at least 41 billion, who made his money _by_ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _ he first helped to set _up_ the company in 1976. 解析：引导时间状语从句，意为 “当的时候” 答案：when 例9.Thus the scientists predicted

8、_ there is water, there is life. 解析：引导地点状语从句，意为有水的地方 答案：where,（3）名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句；主要分析从句是否缺主语、宾语、表语，以及句子意思是否完整，从而决定关系词。 例10. Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, its just a job. For me, its _10_

9、 I love.” 解析：首先判断it is后面缺少宾语，因此是宾语从句，补充对a job的说明，引导词在从句中充当love的宾语，故填what 答案： what 例11. One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.（2008广东） 解析：He would pluck up all of his crop a few inches作为对idea的说明，属同位语从句。 答案：that,（4）定语从句：确定为定语从句后，先看先行

10、词是人、物、时间、地点等，再判断引导词在从句中的成分，最后填入合适的关键词。 例12. Jane paused in front of a counter _35_ some attractive ties were on display. （2009广东） 解析：先行词为counter，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，指的是在柜台上面展示着一些领带，故填where 答案：where 例13. Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and s

11、at near me, looking annoyed.（2011广东） 解析：先行词为people，关系词充当talk to的宾语，故填whom 答案：whom,拓展：名词性从句与定语从句引导词的辨析,名词性从句： 在从句中不充当成分：that, whether, if, as if, as though 关系代词：what, whatever, which, who, whoever, whom, whose, whomever, 关系副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 定语从句：注意定从引导词中没有what 关系代词

12、： that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词： when, where, why, how,4. 根据固定搭配、典型句型确定所填词语,固定搭配的短语及习惯用法需要平时注意积累 例14. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _37_ sale. (2009广东) 解析：on sale 减价出售 答案：on 例15. When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen pres

13、ent in her bag，her parents were already_39_ table having supper. (2009广东) 解析：at table 吃饭，进餐 答案：at,总结 、连词：and、yet、so、 therefore、 but 、nevertheless 、however、 then 、otherwise, anyhow ,anyway etc Follow your doctors advice, _your cough will get worse . ,关系代词或关系副词：which, as, where ,which，whom , that,who,

14、 whose 1）I have many friends, of_some are businessmen. 2）Jim passed the driving test, _surprised everybody in the office.,otherwise,whom,which,、+介词（名词，动名词） He kindly offered to show me_ the city. 、冠词（名词单数，形容词现在分词过去分词名词） He saw _hungry local village trying to knock some fruit from a tree. ，连接代词或连接副词（

15、that ,what, who ,which, whether, if ,when, while, as, since, for , although, where, why, how, etc)句子,around,a,Sometimes these animals go out of their way to do _is right _ there is nothing in it for them. The reason_ he did not come to have classes today was _he fell off a tree and had his nose brok

16、en.,what,though,why,that,二、提供单词原形的空格,1、括号内提供的是动词, 主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语 a.当考查的是谓语时，判断其时态和语态; b.如果考查非谓语，要判断非谓语在句中的成分, 以及与主语的逻辑关系； 例1. The computer _(use) for this purpose is programmed to be friendly. 解析：非谓语形式作定语，computer 与use是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。 答案：used,例2. In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hard

17、ly left their houses, but they _ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 解析：据判断，考察的是动词的谓语形式， 因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用 被动语态，用be allowed；由had, left可 知 be是一般过去式；主语是复数they， be的过去式是were 答案：were allowed,2、括号内提供的是形容词或副词,如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般可判断考查其比较级或副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般可考察形容词。 例3. His teacher took a deep d

18、rink, smiled _ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010 广东高考) 答案：warmly adv. 例4. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” (high). (2008 广东高考) 答案: higher,有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义 例5. At last, her courage and _ (wise

19、) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University. 解析：此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分,一 起 充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。 答案：wisdom 3、括号内提供的是名词 当括号内提供的是名词时，一般可考查形容词， 副词或动词。,例6. Keeping a diary is one of the _(effect) ways to improve our English writing ability. 解析：括号内提供的是名词，但此空作定语修饰 ways，所以要使用形容词形式。 答案：effective. 例7. It

20、 would be _ (belief) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends! 解析: belief-believe- believable- unbelievable 句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友， 真难以置信!” 。,总结 1 ,谓语动词 I politely declined her invitation ,_(close) my book and walked away. 2, 非谓语动词 1）He glanced over at her, _(note) that though she was t

21、iny, she seemed very put together. _(attract )by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days. 2）Dont leave the water_ (run) while you brush your teeth. 3）He hurried to the station only _(find) that the train had left.,closed,noting,attracted,running,to find,，按行文逻辑利用构

22、词法 1）He survived in the accident ,_(fortune) his mother died. 2）Xiao Ping _(care) took my false teeth by mistake, which made everybody laugh in the room.,unfortunately,carelessly,解题的整体思路,根据语法知识进行填充 根据逻辑关系进行填充 表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等。,根据语篇标志进行填充 语篇是指比单个句子长的语言

23、单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等； “语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。 根据固定词组进行填充 熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulateon, devoteto,earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind 等，对解题很有帮助。,2008高考 Chinese prove

24、rbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was v

25、ery anxious to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.,Behind/In,to help,his,this/that/it,One day, he came up with an idea 35 _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was ver

26、y tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to

27、 help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.,after/from,but,higher,natural,results,that,本文以拔苗助长为例说明中国的成语背后常常有一些有趣的故事。 31. behind/In 指“在中国的这些成语故事的背后”，表示“在之后”，用介词behind；也可理解为“在这些成语故事里”，所以也可以用介词In。 32. to help 作目的状语，用动词不定式。 33. his由上文中的a crop和下文中的his crop, the crop等可知，此处填限

28、定词；这个急性子人当然是急于使他自己的禾苗长得快，故填his。 34. it/this/that代替前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。 35. that引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体同内容，名词性从句意义完整且不缺任何句子成分时，用that引导。,36. after /from他感到很累应是在他做了一整天事之后，表示“在之后”，动名词前面用介词after；另外，be tired from doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“因做某事而累”。 37. but 因very happy与前面的very tired显然是转折关系，而这两句之间是

29、逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。 38. higher指比他pluck up a few inches之前“长”得更高了，是省略了than before的隐性的比较级。 39. natural在名词course前作定语，要用形容词。 40. results此句Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式。,2009高考 Jane was walking round the department

30、store. She remembered how difficult 31 _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 32 _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 _ (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.,it,to please,a,pushed,Jane pause