修改版--省略句用法.ppt

1、省略,Ellipsis,人们在交流时，尤其在口语中，常常把一个或几个句子的成分省略掉，这种现象称为省略，ellipse， 这种句子叫做省略句elliptical sentences。,句子成分的省略 复合句的省略 并列句的省略 肯定和否定结构的省略 不定式的省略,省略的常见的句子环境,一、句子成分的省略,1. 省略主语。如: Havent seen you for ages!好久不见了! 2.省略谓语。如： (Is there) Anything you want? 你要什么东西吗? (Does) Anybody need help? 有人要帮忙吗? 3. 省略宾语。如： I dont kno

2、w (where he is ). 我不知道。 4.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分），只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如： (Im) Afraid I cant come. 恐怕我不能来了。 (Have you) Got any ink? 你有墨水吗?,【高考链接】Its a long time since I saw my sister. _her this weekend? A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit 解析：本题考察省略结构，这里why not visit =Why

3、didnt you visit 。,A,二、复合句的省略,状语从句的省略 限制性定语从句的省略 宾语从句的省略,1.状语从句内的省略 在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。 when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句； if，unless引导的条件状语从句； though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句； as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句； because引导的原因状语从句； wherever引导的地点状语从句，,Senten

4、ces,When (she was) asked , she didnt answer a word. Water can be changed into vapor if (it is ) heated. When (you are) working ,you must pay attention. We may try again if (it is ) necessary .,We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt

5、 with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 解析：本题考查状语从句的省略问题，即根据本句完整句子应该补充为：if （it is） not carefully dealt with，当然， 现在的语言中，已经把这种省略形式固定化了即：if not.,B,2. 限制性定语从句中的省略 作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略； e.g. theres one point we must insist on. 在以the same. as和such. as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的

6、部分； e.g. She gave the same answer as (she had given) before? the way后面的定语从句中：若先行词way充当从句的方式状语，也可以省略其关系词。 e.g. What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. e.g. Do you know the way he responded to me?! 非正式语体中，关系副词why也可以省略。 e.g. Tell me the reason you dislike it.,3. 宾语从句的省略。Tom has g

7、one home, but I dont know why (he has gone home). I heard (that ) he had gone abroad. 【高考链接】Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. whyB. thatC. when D. where 解析： Having checked 跟随两个并列的宾语从句，并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句可以省略第一个that,第二个that

8、一般不能省。,B,He claimed that he was right and that he would never apologize to the boss of the club.,并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句 可以省略第一个that,第二个that 一般不能省。,【高考链接】Having checked the doors were closed , and _that_ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. whyB. thatC. when D. where,在并列句中,如

9、果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如: He teaches English and his brother math. We have been waiting for her to come back to see us, but (we have been waiting) in vain. 【高考链接】He has made a lot of films, but _ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many 解析：but 连接的并列句子进行了省略：but few good ones = but he made

10、 few good ones .,三、 并列句的省略,C,So/Nor/Neither+助动词/情态动词+主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是“同样（不）”、“也（不）那样”，如： The boy died and a week later. So did his sister. Im not an English teacher, nor is my wife. 【高考链接】My room gets very cold at night _. A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mi

11、ne does,四、肯定/否定结构,C,注意：有时可用so代替名词性从句,以避免重复前面所说的内容; 可以用于这类结构的动词有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, fear, hope, be afraid, 等. 肯定回答结构为“主语+动词+so”, 否定回答结构为 1. “主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so” 2. “主语+动词+not”。 但动词为hope, guess, fear, be afraid时,否定回答只能说I hope (guess) not,不能说I dont hope (guess) so。,A: John is

12、 a hero: he was really brave when the accident happened. B: I don t think so. He was just pretending.,I think so. I don t think so. I think not.,1. It is sunny today. _. So is it B. So does it C. So today is D. So it is 2. Will you be able to finish your respect today? _ . I like itB. I hope so C. I

13、ll do so D. Id love it 3. If Joe s wife won t go to the party, _. A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will 4. Luna goes to the musical club every weekend and she is really into playing the violin. _ her litter sister. So is B. So does C. So it is with D. So will,D,B,

14、B,C,双重谓语或出现肯定否定同时存在的情况下用 So it is with sb./sth. It is the same with sb./sth.,五、不定式的省略,概述：动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，取决于上文是否出现过同样的动词；若出现过，则可以省略后面动词不定式的动词，但要保留不定式符号 to 以下是其他常出现不定式省略的情况 1.感官动词和使役动词后不定式的省略 2.系动词（be）+形容词+不定式 3.某些动词+ 不定式 （充当宾语） 4.某些动词+ 宾语+ 不定式 （充当宾补）,see sb. do sth. prefer to dorather than do 等结构中，

15、不定式符号常常要省略. 如： I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.,其他的省略形式,Practice makes perfect!,1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my

16、 boss. A. questioningB. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the wayD. the way which,B,C,A,4. Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? _? What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How

17、come 5. Im looking forward as much to her return as she herself to _ me. A. have seenB. seeingC. meetD. be met 6. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not _? A. ourselvesB. oursC. weD. us,A,B,D,7. Did you visit the museum last week? No, we _, but we spent too much time shopping. A. could haveB.

18、 couldC. must haveD. must 8. Is your mother going to the supermarket？ No，_. A. she doesnt B. shes cooking C. she gets by busD. to a tailors shop 9. She may not be free today. _，well have to put the meeting off. A. If may B. If not C. If she may not D. If she may not be free today,A,D,B,10. She hurriedly left the room as if _. she angr