my被动语态.ppt

1、,肯定：主语+is/am/are+过去分词+其它 例：The book is written by me. 否定：主语+is/am/are+not+过去分词+其它 例：The book is not written by me.,一般现在时被动语态的构成：,什么时候要用被动语态呢？,在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： 不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态,Competition: which group can find the most similar structure fastest.,The Chinese

2、national flag is known all over the world, but its story is not very well known. In 1949, from July 14th to August 15th, a competition was held to find a new flag for China. People were invited to send their ideas to the newspapers. Many people took part . More than 3,000 ideas were received. These

3、ideas were looked at many times by a group of important people. In the end, only thirty-eight were chosen.,We call the doctor. People dont play football here. The truck was cleaned yesterday.,Decide if these sentences are active or passive.,Mr Chen teaches us English. The classroom was cleaned.,acti

4、ve,active,passive,active,passive,主动语态 : 表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。,语态概述,被动语态 : 表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。,1.I washed my clothes once a day.,My clothes was washed (by me)

5、once a day.,I was washed my clothes once a day.,X,2.They took Jim to the hospital.,3.Tom closed the shop just now.,They was took Jim to the hospital.,Jim was taken to the hospital by them.,The shop closed Tom just now.,The shop was closed (by Tom) just now.,X,X,Disscusion 3: the active voice 主动语态 &

6、the passive voice被动语态,主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分 要变？怎么变？,1. 把原句的宾语改为主语。,2. 把原句的谓语动词改为被动语态结构( be + p.p.)。,3. 把原句的主语改为by的宾语（用宾格）,可省略。,e.g. She cleaned the room.,The room was cleaned ( by her).,主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：,We clean our classroom every day.,Our classroom,is cleaned,主语,谓语,宾语,by us,every day,结构：主动语态：主语谓语宾语,被

7、动语态：,主语,be +过去分词,by+宾语,即:、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。” (注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语),练习一,把下列句子变为含被动语态的句子：,1.Mr.Li corrects the students homework every morning.,The students homework is corrected by Mr.Li every morning.,2.People play basketball all over the world.,Basketball is played by people all over the world.,Read te

8、xt-2,When can we use the passive voice?,不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。,My bike was stolen last night. 昨晚我的自行车被偷了。 Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。,The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。 The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。,2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。,被动语态使用方法,Artic

9、le1_popwin_title,3. 为了更好地安排句子。,The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。,I have a new skirt. It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt. 我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。,4. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：,把下列主动句改为被动句,Lily writes many letters eve

10、ry day. (主动) They visited this farm last year.（主动） We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主动）,Many letters,are written,by Lily,every day.,This farm,was visited,by them,last year.,3000 English words,have been learned,by us,so far.,归纳总结方法,把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： 变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动

11、语态的介词by的宾语。 套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,一变,二套,三注意,Exercise ：translate the following sentences,这些照片是上星期拍的 。 这本书是鲁迅写的。 史密斯一家没被邀请参加了派对。 长江也叫扬子江。,These photos were

12、 taken last week.,This book was written by Lu Xun.,The Smiths werent invited to the party.,The Changjiang River is also called theYangteze River.,各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表,1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago. The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago. 2. We will plant 2000 trees next year. 2000

13、trees will be planted by us next year. 3. You must keep the room clean and tidy. The room must be kept clean and tidy by you. 4. The police have caught the thief. The thief has been caught by the police. 5. The farmers are cutting down the trees on the hill. The trees on the hill are being cut down

14、by the farmers.,过去分词的变化形式,一 规则变化 （1）在动词后加ed：work worked stay - stayed (2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d：close - closed like - liked (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-ed：study -studied carry - carried (4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed： stop -stopped,二 不规则变化 例如 go- gone make-made put-put 等,It will be two days bef

15、ore the decision_. has made B. will be made C. was made D. is made.,D,【解析】本题考查被动语态的用法。句意为“在下决心之前，将有两天的时间” 根据语境可知选D。, Your classroom is really bright and clean. It _ after school every day. A. is cleaned B. cleaned C. was cleaned,A,【解析】动词语态。every day是一般现在时的标志。根据句意，你们教室真的既明亮又干净。每天放学后我们打扫它。此处是被动语态省略了by

16、 us。一般现在时被动语态构成：be+动词过去分词。故选A。,- Drunken drive is dangerous, isnt it? - Yeah. That why drunken drivers to prison even without causing accidents. A. sent B. are sent C. send D. are sending,B,【解析】考查被动语态的用法。依据前面介绍“酒后开车是危险的”，可推断“这就是酒后开车的司机被送进监狱的理由，虽然没有发生事故”，所以用被动语态（be+动词的过去分词）,-Look, what have they done

17、? -Sorry. I think if I _ another chance, Ill do it better. Give B. will be given C. will give D. am given,【解析】动词语态。I与another chance是被动关系。if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句用一般将来时。根据句意：看，他们做了什么？抱歉，如果再给我一个机会，我会做的更好。,D,(一)语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new compute

18、r. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,

19、注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语(即人)前用介词 to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. A new skirt was made for me.

20、The meat was cooked for us.,一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see, hear,watch,notice)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如： 1.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. 2.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. 3.The t

21、eacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. 4.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。 I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen go

22、ing into the shop.(被动),使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of, carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。 The patient is being operate

23、d on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. A child is taken good care of,4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： a,动词+宾语+adj We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom i

24、s always kept clean. b,动词+宾语+ n They chose Tom captain. Tom was chosen captain c.动词+宾语+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. d,动词+宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor he was found lying on the floor e,动词+宾语+done we found all our seats occupied. al

25、l our seats were found occupied. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to， We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. His mother makes him clean the room every day. He is made to clean the room every day.,（二）某些动词用主动

26、表被动？,1. The picture looks beautiful .,look是连系动词，后面跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。系动词一般用主动形式：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain, turn out ,smell等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. The flowers look beautiful What he said sounds reasonable. The roses smell sweet. The medicine tastes bitt

27、er. 误：It is felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful,Correcting mistake,2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any: 1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball 2)The singer lived in London until he

28、was sending to university 3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?,was sent,will last,were hurt,一，不及物动词短语没有被动语态，eg：take place , come about , break out, belong to, come true, turn out The fire was broke out in the capital building. The fire broke out in the capital building. Great changes

29、have been taken place in China. Great changes have taken place in China. 二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, last , lie , come ,go ,begin When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. After the

30、 earthquake, few houses were remained.,下列情况主动句不能改为被动句,4)A fire was broken out last night 5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before 6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital,had been damaged,is now being built,broke out,7)Class is begun at 7:30

31、every day 8)His plan is sounded good 9)Your coat needs being washed,begins,sounds,to be washed / washing,3. want, need, require 作“需要 ”解时及be worth ,in need of后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。,Eg: 1: The flower needs/ wants/ requires watering. Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting The computer needs/wants/requir

32、es reqairing 2: The film /music is worth listening to. 3: His teaching method is in need of improving,主动式表被动义,The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed,B,C,主动式表被动义,动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ bad

33、ly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。,read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,2.有些动词和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, dry, wash, cook, wear The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。 The poem reads fluently./The shoes wear well. The paper tears easily 对比： The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句) The meat didnt cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a l