时间状语从句

1、I.时间状语从句 II. 过去完成时,定义： 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语、状语或整个句子。 分类： 状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步九类。,时间状语从句 常用连接词： when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, every time, each time, the moment, by the time, immediately, the first time, the minute,1.when 1）当时 表示

2、时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，从句中用延续性动词。 When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（时间段）He waved a hello when he saw her.当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（时间点）,温馨提示：第一个句子中的when可以用while替换，但是第二个句子的when不可以。,2）正在这时 常用句型： be doingwhen 正在干某事这时 be about to dowhen 即将干某事这时 be on the point of d

3、oing.when. had just done when 刚一这时 He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang. 他正要上床睡觉，忽然门铃响了。 They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out. 他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。,2.while1）while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。 常用be+doing Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。,Please dont talk so loud whi

4、le others are working.,She is tall while I am short.,While 表示强烈的对比关系，可译成“然而”引导并列句。,While I was studying English, he was playing football. While 通常位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”。引导让步状语从句，不倒装。 While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.,3. as1）as表示当时，相当于when。The thief was caught as/ when he was ste

5、aling in the supermarket. 小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。 2）as表示 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 He looked behind from time to time as he went. 他一边走，一边不时地往后看。,强调两个动作同时进行,两种情况一起发展变化,as,试观察： 1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.,2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.,分析：as引

6、导的从句表示“当时；一边一边”，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。 另:as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，要倒装。其结构为：表语状语谓语动词+as+主语+谓语或其他 Try as he might ,he could not open the door.,1. 他从学校回来时，他妈妈正在烧饭。 2. 他在看书时，他的妻子一直在烧饭。 3. 他一边烧饭一边唱歌。 4. 我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。 5. 你喜欢踢足球而我喜欢弹钢琴。 6. 随着时间的推移，我们都渐渐长大了。,Translate these sentences into English,Possi

7、ble answers:,1. When he returned, his mother was cooking. 2. While he was reading, his wife was cooking. 3. As he cooked, he sang. 4. We were about to start when it began to rain.,5. you like playing football while I like playing the piano. 6. As time went by, we all grew up.,4.Before表示在一段时间之前,befor

8、e 还可表示：还没来得及就,趁，不到就，才； You must first learn to walk before you try to run. 在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。,He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。 Take it down before you forget it. 趁着还没忘记的时候就把它记录下来。,2）It will be was not一段时间before“不多久就” It wasnt two years before he left the country.,常见句型： 1）It will be/w

9、as一段时间before“还要过多久才” It will be two years before he leaves the country.,5.since：1）since自以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成式或一般现在时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去式。但是当从句谓语动词是延续性动词时，则表示相反的的含义。 It has been just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 Where have you been since I last saw you？ 自上次我见过你之后

10、，你去了哪里？ It has been three months since he worked here.他不在这里工作已经有三个月了,Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps. 她自年轻时起就一直集邮。 2）经典句型： It is /has been+段时间 +since +主语+did sth It is/has been two years since he was a college student. 他大学毕业已有两年了。,6.as soon asas soon as.可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。 H

11、e will come and see you as soon as he can. 他一有空就来看你。,1一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan等也可引导时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 I came immediately you called me up. 2一些含有time的名词短语，如the first /second/last time,every time, each ti

12、me, next time, by the time等，也可引导时间状语从句。 The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous. Next time you come, please bring your composition. 3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 须倒装。 Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.,till, until和notuntil： 1.until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动作，意

13、为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停 止”。如： We waited until/till he came. 2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。Not.until He wont go to bed until her father returns. 3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you

14、 told me did I have any idea of it.,时间状语从句可以转换成分词短语。如: Boys need to develop their bodies fully before they attempt such difficult exercise. Boys need to develop their bodies fully before attempting such difficult exercise.,After he worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London. Note: 时间状语从句转换成分词短

15、语时, 时 间状语从句的主语和主句主语必须 一致才可以。,Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London.,(1)It was two years ago_ I began to learn English (2)It is two years_ I began to learn English. (3)It is two hours _ he spends on English every day. (4)It was two years _ he came back from abroad. (5)It was two yea

16、rs later _ he came back from abroad. A. That B. Since C. before,B,A,A,A,C,过去完成时,过去完成时的构成: “助动词had+过去分词” The public wondered why the president hadnt attended the top conference. 2. 过去完成时的用法: 1). 过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作, 它表示时间是“过去的过去”。如:,The patient had died when the doctor arrived. Up until then

17、 they had just finished half the work. He had pressed the button before we could stop him. When I had finished my everyday work, I did some gardening.,2). 如果发生的动作很短暂, 或两个动作紧接着发生, 则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。尤其是在含有before, after, as soon as的复合句中, 因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。如: Just before I left New York, I sent an e-mai

18、l to Mr White, my teacher in the university.,3). 过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望、愿望等, 常用的动词有except, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。如: I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but didnt manage it. Mother had expected me to come to her birthday party, but I really had a lot of important

19、 work to do.,When he got home from work, he was very tired. He opened the door, turned on the light, washed his face and went to bed without taking off his clothes.,Note: 1. 当动作紧接着发生, 次序明显时, 只需 用一般过去时。,2.与某个时间段或时间点连用时, 一般过去时表示动作在这个时间发生, 而过去完成时表示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成。如: He learned Russian during his stay in

20、 Russia. He had already learned Russian during his stay in Russia.,3. 在间接引语中，与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如： He told me somebody had phoned when I was out. John said the film had been on five minutes when he got to the cinema.,语法练习,汉译英： 我把刚买的书丢了。 I lost the book I had just bought. 2. 我到达汽车站的时候, 车已经

21、开走了 The bus had gone when I arrived at the bus stop.,3. Tom本来想去拜访他的奶奶, 但是天气不好使他改变了主义。 Tom had thought of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.,4. -Jack昨天为什么没去参加会议? -他去北京了。 - Why didnt Jack attend the meeting yesterday? - He has gone to Beijing.,5. 最后Mary被北京大学录取了, 为此

22、她尝试了五次。 Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University, for which she had tried five times.,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,By last year they _ ( learn ) 2,000 words.,had learnt,1.他说他以前见过你。,2. 到去年为止他们已经学了2000个单词了。,3. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。 By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours. 4. 我

23、到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。 When I came to GZ , he _ (be) there for a long time.,had worked,had been,had lived,5. 到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。 By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years. 6. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。 When she got home her children _ (sleep).,had slept,7. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。 Before they arrived here the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,1. I