非谓语动词(时态与逻辑主语) -.ppt

1、,非谓语动词（二）,The Non-predicative Verbs,时态 语态,逻辑主语,练习,时态和语态,英语基本时态构成一览表,do,be,shall / will,have,have,语态,时态,动名词的时态和语态,Thank you for having helped me so much. He is praised for having devoted his life for his country. Before being used, the machine must be checked.,He insisted on being sent to hospital. H

2、e insisted on sending her to hospital.,对比下列句子,注意下面句式,n. S. + be worth doing,S. + be worthy,of + n. to be done of being done,语态,时态,不定式的时态和语态,He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him.,He seems to be eating something,Im sorry to have kept you waiting.,Pay special attention to:,hoped pro

3、mised wanted wished expected planned,to have done,表示过去没有实现的期待和愿望,He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time.,We planned to have done good deeds for the poor people last month,should ought to need may might could would,(not) have done,（过去）本来 结果与事实相反,You should have finis

4、hed your homework. We neednt have worried about him. You shouldnt have been there.,must cant can may might could,+,be n. / adj. / be doing have done,Nobody opened the door. She might (may) have left. The road is all wet. It must have rained last night. I saw him just now. He cant have gone to Shangh

5、ai.,语态,时态,现在分词的时态和语态,现在分词的时态和语态：,Having been to the Great Wall many times, He didnt go there yesterday.,Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,因为没收到他父亲的来信， 他决定给他打个电话。,The building being built is our new library.,Not having been finished, the book cant be returned a

6、t present.,逻辑主语,非谓语动词意义上的行为执行者就是其逻辑主语.,如果其逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系, 则非谓语动词要用主动语态形式; 如果是被动关系, 则用被动语态形式.,一.不定式的逻辑主语,1.一般来说,动词不定式的逻辑主语就是句中的主语.,I am sorry to hear that.,We need oxygen to breath.,He was seen to go out with a man.,He wants to learn English.,Some stars are too small to be seen.,This point to be e

7、xplained is about the long history of iron.,2.在以“宾语不定式”的复合结构中，宾语就是不定式的逻辑主语,She wants you to call him back at 11.,I often heard him sing the song.,They want the machine to be tested at once.,3.在“ for/of ”+名词（或代词的宾格）动词不定式的结构中，“ for/of ” 后的名词（或代词的宾格）为动词不定式的逻辑主语,This is for you to decide.,I dont think i

8、t advisable(可取的） for her to study medicine,There are a lot of experiment for the students to do.,This box is too heavy for him to carry.,Its important for the students to learn a foreign language.,Its very kind of you to dinner.,二动名词的逻辑主语,He avoided giving us a definite answer.,Have you finished rea

9、ding the book?,Ive been looking forward to going to Beijing for a long time.,Norman hated being a fool.,2.动名词的逻辑主语如果不与句子的主语一致，则该动名词前一般有一个物主代词或名词所有格作为它的逻辑主语这种 “ 物主代词或名词所有格动名词 ”结构就是动名词的复合结构它在句中具有主语，表语、定语或宾语的功能。,Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.,Do you think her going there will be

10、of any help?,They all thought Lao Lis going there a great mistake.,I had no idea of their having done such a thing.,注意: 在现代英语中, 尤其是在口语中, 如果不是在句子的开头, 这种逻辑主语常可用名词的普通格 (或人称代词的宾格)来代替, 这比用所有格更自然些.,He didnt like young people / them smoking.,She was awaken by someone knocking at the door.,三.分词的逻辑主语,1.分词作状语

11、时,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语.,When heated, water will be changed into vapour.,Given enough time, he would do it better.,While heating water, we can change it into vapour.,Being a league member, he always sets a good example to others.,2.分词作宾语补足语时, 宾语就是其逻辑主语.,Suddenly I heard the door opened.,Suddenly I heard some

12、one opening the door.,3分词作定语时, 被修饰的名词就是其逻辑主语.,The hours being built is our laboratory.,Officials say diseases caused directly by smoking kill at least 320,000 Americans every year.,Some companies are offering special gifts and lower prices to people signing an agreement to stop smoking.,4.分词独立结构,分词作

13、状语时,有时其逻辑主语与句中的主语不一致,它可以有自己的逻辑主语.该逻辑主语通常用名词的通格或代词的主格表示,放在分词的前面.,构成”名词普通格(或代词主格) + 分词”的结构,称为分词独立结构.该结构通常修饰整个句子,表示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况.,The problem having been solved, we ended the meeting.(=having solved the problem, we ended the meeting.,The rain having ruined her cap, she had to buy a new one.,The night b

14、eing dark, she was afraid to go there.,He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.,注意:分词独立结构主要用于描绘性文字中;口语中用状语从句或并列句更自然些.,5.分词独立结构前面有时带有 “with/without”, 构成” with/without+宾语(名词或代词)”结构,表示伴随情况.,With him staying here in the house, I felt quite safe.,He lay in his bed with eyes closed.,练习,1._is

15、a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk,2.When and where to build the new power station_ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing? A. thisB. that C. itD. he,4.Our f

16、ather often told us in the past that _is believing. A. To see B. Seeing C. See D. To be seen,5.She pretended _the letter I wrote the day before yesterday. A. not to receive B. not receiving C. not to hear from D. having not received,6.I cant imagine _ that with such a famous author. A. work B. to wo

17、rk C. to be working D. working,7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest,8.People couldnt help _ the funny villager. A. laugh at B. to laught at C. laughing at D. laughing on,9.I cant help _the house because Im

18、busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,10.Do you consider _ any good attempting many scientific experiments? A. there B. it C. this D. that,11.Im thirsty. Would you please give me something _. A. drunk B. to drink C. to be drunk D. for drinking,12.When I handed the r

19、eport to John, he said that George was the person_. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to,13.There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed,14The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign lang

20、uage came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D.written,15Mrs.Smith warned her husband _ after drinking again and again. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive,16.They knew her very well. They had seen her_up from childhood. A. gr

21、ow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow,17. Believe it or not, he was seen _upstairs just now. A. to go B. to going C. having gone D. go,18.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned,19.The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. A. to have st

22、olen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing,20.He was disappointed to find his suggestion_. A. turning down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down,21.The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,22.Tom kept quiet ab

23、out the accident _lose his job. A. not in order to B. so as not to C. in order to not D. not so as to,23.They have had a long and bitter struggle _ their living conditions. A. to improving B. for improving C. to improve D. improve,24.To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B.

24、it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,25.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing,26._more attention, the work would have been done better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given,27._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received,28.Charles Babbage is gen