小学英语语法及音标全面复习要点(精心整理)

1、小学英语语法及音标复习要点一、名词可数名词：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。可数名词复数的规则变化构 成 法例 词A.在一般情况下,词尾加-sbook-booksbed-bedsB.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词,词尾加-esbus-busesbox-boxesdish-disheswatch-watchesC.以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe改成v,再加-esknife-kniveswife-wivesD.以o结尾的单词,有生命的物质加-es, 无生命的物质加-stomato-tomatoesphoto-photosE.以辅音字母加y

2、结尾,先y将改i,再加上-esfamily-familiescity-cities不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质 （grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复

3、数（如some water）,不能与不定冠词连用。二、一般现在时一般现在时的功能：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成：1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。注意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。） 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We stud

4、y English.我们学习英语。注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。）一般现在时的变化：1. be动词的变化。 肯定句：主语+be+其它。 如：He is a worker. 他是工人。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)如：I am a student.-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：

5、My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the tree?Where is your bike?2.行为动词的变化。肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I like bread. I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He ofter plays football. He doesnt often play football.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do, does）如：I

6、 often play football. - Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike.- Does she go to school by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bike?How does she go to school?

7、一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则构 成 法例 词A.一般动词在词尾加-shelp-helpsmake - makesB.以s, x , ch，sh，结尾的动词在词尾加-esteach - -teacheswash - -washesC.以o结尾的动词在词尾加-esgo-goesdo-doesD.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先y变为i，再加-esfly - fliesstudy - studiescarry - carriesE.不规则变化have-has一般现在时用法专练:一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 go _ stay _have_ pass_ watch_plant_ fly _st

8、udy_do_ teach_二、用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 6. Whose dress _ this? 7. Whose socks _ they? 8. The two cups of milk _ for me. 9. Some tea _ in the gla

9、ss. 10. There _ some bread on the plate. 三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. David and Tom _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Mike _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) news

10、papers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.四、按照要求改写句子1. David watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4. Helen likes p

11、laying computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_8. Jim comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_10. Tom and David like going skating.(改为否定句)_五、改错(划出错

12、误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（句中一般含有now, look, listen.）2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.如：Tom is reading books in his study .3现在进行时的否定

13、句在be后加not。如：Tom is reading books in his study .Tom is not reading books in his study .4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 如：Tom is reading books in his study .Is Tom reading books in his study ？5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+一般疑问句? （注意：当划线部分包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首，原划线处应加上doing） 如：Tom is reading books in his study . Tom is

14、 reading books in his study .Is Tom reading books in his study ? Is Tom reading books in his study ?What is Tom doing in his study? Where is Tom reading books?现在进行时动词 ing形式 构 成 法例 词A.一般加-ingwork-working study-studyingB.以e结尾的词去e后加-inglive-livingwrite-writingC. 动词为单音节：以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾，辅音字母双写，再加ing;动词为

15、双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ingstop-stoppingrun - running swim - swimmingbegin - beginning现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ take_ come _ get_stop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2.

16、 Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_3.Im playing the football

17、in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_四、现在进行时翻译练习 1.我正在读英语。I _ _ English.2.他正在写字。He _ _.3.你正在唱歌吗？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。_ you _? Yes, _ _ _. / No, _ _ _.4.他(她)在听音乐吗？_ he/she _ _ _?5.你正在干什么？ 我正在做作业。_ are you _? Im _ _ _.四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),so

18、on, the day after tomorrow（后天） 二、基本结构：be going to + do；如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.will+ do. 如：I will go swimming tomorrow.三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. I will go swimming tomorrow. I will not g

19、o swimming tomorrow.四、一般疑问句： be动词或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. Are you going to go swimming tomorrow? I will go swimming tomorrow. Will you go swimming tomorrow?五、对划线部分提问。(疑问词+一般疑问句?)一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1、问人。Who 例如：I am going to school. Tom will go to s

20、chool. Are you going to school? Will Tom go to school?Whos going to school? Who will go to school?2、问干什么。What do？例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.What is your father going to do with you this afternoon？My father will watch a race with me this afternoon. Will your father

21、watch a race with you this afternoon.？What will your father do with you this afternoon？3、问什么时候。When.例如：She is going to swim at nine. She will swim at nine. Is she going to swim at nine？ Will she swim at nine？When is she going to swim？ When will she swim?六、同义句：be going to = will (be going to 常指客观情况，w

22、ill 常指主观情况)I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 一、填空。1我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3你妈妈这个周末去

23、购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.二、改句子。1. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.2. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.3. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?4. We will m

24、eet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.5. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=

25、werent）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Jim went home yesterday.Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did

26、 Jim go home yesterday?What did Jim do yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：一般过去时 -ed形式 构 成 法例 词A.一般动词在词尾加-edcook-cookedplay - playedB.以e结尾的动词在词尾加-dlive - livedC. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先y变为i,再加-edfly - fliedstudy - studiedD. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母加-edstop - stoppedplan - planned不规则动词过去式：dodid is/amwas arewere havehad gowe

27、nt readread eatate buybought taketook singsang dancedanced seesaw getgot leaveleft swimswam studystudied flyflew saysaid comecame runran telltold drinkdrank findfound写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_are _ put _drink_ go_ make _ do _dance_ eat_ draw_pass_ 一、用be动词的适当形式填空1I _ at school just now.2He _ at the camp l

28、ast week.3We _ students two years ago.4They _ on the farm a moment ago.5Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.二、句型转换1. It was exciting. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2. All the students were very excited. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_3. They were in his pocket. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯

29、、否定回答：_六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习A、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。形容词比较级 er形式规则构 成 法例 词A.一般直接加-er long - longerB.如果以-e结尾，直接加-rnice - nicerC. 闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母须双写这个字母，再加-er big - biggerD. 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i,再加-er.heavy - heavier3不规则形容词比较

30、级：good-better一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ thin_ heavy_ nice_ good_ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.2. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.3. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.4. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Her

31、s is.5. My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).七、There be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和any

32、在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？Fill in the blank with have,hasor there is , there are 1. I_a good father and a

33、 good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_some dresses. 6. They_a nice garden. 7. What do you_? 8. _a reading-room in the building? 9. What does Mike_? 10. _any books in the bookcase? 用恰当的be动词填空。1、There _ a lot of sweets in the box.2

34、、There _ some milk in the glass.3、There _ some people under the the big tree.4、There _ a picture and a map on the wall.5、There _ a box of rubbers near the books.6、There _ lots of flowers in our garden last year.7、There _ four cups of coffee on the table.八、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位

35、于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我Ime我的mymine你，你们youyou你的，你们的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我们weus我们的ourours他（她，它）们theythem他（她，它）们的theirtheirs一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very b

36、ig. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _

37、? ( you )8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )二、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）nam

38、e?5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）三、单项选择。( ) 1. My uncle gave a new bike to _. A. theirs B. they C. me D. I( ) 2. This is a photo of _family. May I have one of _?A. yours; my B. my;

39、yours C. your; my D. yours; mine( ) 3. Heres a postcard for you, Jim! Oh, _is from Mary. A. he B. it C. she D. its( ) 4. They asked _some questions _ English.A. me; about B. I; about C. I; with D. me; with( ) 5. Help_ answer the questions.A. I B. my C. me D. mine( ) 6. These are my books. Where are

40、_?A. their B. theirs C. my D. your四、改错 1. Mine wallet is on the bed. 2. This isnt Mikes watch , its her. 3. Is this your teapot? No, its theirs teapot. 4. Whose comb is it? Its our. 补充：名词所有格：1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childrens Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐

41、的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息),Chinas population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).2、注解： s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunts(我阿姨家), the doctors(诊所) 两

42、人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)缩略形式写出下列词的完全形式 cant_ Id_ arent_ theyre _lets_ wasnt_ thats_ dont _whens_ didnt_ youre_ doesnt _hes_ shes_ Im_ isnt _Ive_ shouldnt_ Ill_ whos _冠词1、冠词分类

43、英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。 2、不定冠词a / an的用法：不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a