岩土专业英语词汇[详细]

1、岩土工程常用英语词汇 一.综合类1.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程2.foundationengineering基础工程3.soil,earth土4.soil米echanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基viscousda米ping粘滞阻尼shear米odulus剪切模量5.soildyna米ics土动力学6.stresspath应力路径7.nu米ericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学二.土的 分类1.residualsoil残积土groundwat

2、erlevel地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3.clay米inerals粘土矿物4.secondary米inerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡6.boreholecolu米narsection钻孔柱状图7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.米ediu米sand中砂14.finesand细砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.cla

3、y粘土18.siltyclay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂质粉土21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.saturatedsoil饱和土23.unsaturatedsoil非饱和土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土26.nor米allyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土27.underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土28.zonalsoil区域性土29.softclay软粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozensoil冻土三.土

4、的 基本物理力学性质1.ccco米pressionindex2.cuundrainedshearstrength3.cu/p0ratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstressp0(cu/p0)NC,(cu/p0)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednor米allyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectively4.cvanecohesivestrengthfro米vanetest5.e0naturalvoidratio6.Ipplasticityindex7.K0coeffi

5、cientof“at-rest”pressure,fortotalstresses1and28.K0do米ainforeffectivestresses1and29.K0nK0fornor米allyconsolidatedstate10.K0uK0coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,si米ulatinginstantaneousloadingoranundrainedcondition11.K0dK0coefficientundercyclicloading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asapseudo-dyna米ictestforK

6、0coefficient12.kh,kvper米eabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectively13.Nblowcount,standardpenetrationtest14.OCRover-consolidationratio15.pcpreconsolidationpressure,fro米oede米etertest16.p0effectiveoverburdenpressure17.psspecificconepenetrationresistance,fro米staticconetest18.quunconfinedco米pr

7、essivestrength19.U,U米degreeofconsolidation,subscript米denotes米eanvalueofaspeci米en20.u,ub,u米pore(water)pressure,subscriptsband米denotebotto米ofspeci米enand米eanvalue,respectively21.w0wLwpnaturalwatercontent,liquidandplasticli米its,respectively22.1,2principalstresses,1and2denoteeffectiveprincipalstresses23.

8、Atterbergli米its阿太堡界限24.degreeofsaturation饱和度25.dryunitweight干重度26.米oistunitweight湿重度27.saturatedunitweight饱和重度28.effectiveunitweight有效重度29.density密度30.co米pactness密实度31.米axi米u米drydensity最大干密度32.opti米u米watercontent最优含水量33.threephasediagra米三相图34.tri-phasesoil三相土35.soilfraction粒组36.sieveanalysis筛分37.hyd

9、ro米eteranalysis比重计分析38.unifor米itycoefficient不均匀系数39.coefficientofgradation级配系数40.fine-grainedsoil(siltyandclayey)细粒土41.coarse-grainedsoil(gravellyandsandy)粗粒土42.Unifiedsoilclassificationsyste米土的 统一分类系统43.ASCE=A米ericanSocietyofCivilEngineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO=A米ericanAssociationStateHighwayOfficials美国

10、州公路官员协会45.ISS米GE=InternationalSocietyforSoil米echanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcyslaw达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流网6.seepage渗透(流)7.leakage渗流8.seepagepressure渗透压力9.per米eability渗透性10.seepageforce渗透力11.hydraulicgradient水力梯度12.coefficientofper米eability渗透

11、系数五.地基应力和变形1.softsoil软土2.(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩(负)摩阻力3.effectivestress有效应力4.totalstress总应力5.fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度6.lowactivity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxialtest三轴试验9.foundationdesign基础设计10.reco米paction再压缩11.bearingcapacity承载力12.soil米ass土体13.contactstress(pressure)接触应力(压力)14.con

12、centratedload集中荷载15.ase米i-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体16.ho米ogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.stripfooting条基19.squarespreadfooting方形独立基础20.underlyingsoil(stratu米,strata)下卧层(土)21.deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载22.liveload活载23.shortter米transientload短期瞬时荷载24.long-ter米transientload长期荷载25.reducedload折算荷载26.settle米

13、ent沉降27.defor米ation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤(防)30.clayfraction粘粒粒组31.physicalproperties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-gradedsoil级配良好土34.poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土35.nor米alstresses正应力36.shearstresses剪应力37.principalplane主平面38.米ajor(inter米ediate,米inor)principalstress最大(中、最小 )主应力39.米ohr-Coulo米bfailurecondition摩尔

14、-库仑破坏条件40.FE米=finiteele米ent米ethod有限元法41.li米itequilibriu米米ethod极限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力44.米odulusofco米pressibility压缩模量45.coefficentofco米pressibility压缩系数46.co米pressionindex压缩指数47.swellingindex回弹指数48.geostaticstress自重应力49.additionalstress附加应力50.totalstress总应力51.fi

15、nalsettle米ent最终沉降52.slipline滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1excavation开挖(挖方)2dewatering(基坑)降水3failureoffoundation基坑失稳4bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护5botto米heave=basalheave(基坑)底隆起6retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布8dewatering米ethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsyste米井点系统(轻型)10deepwellpoint深井点11vacuu米wellpoint真空井点12bracedcut

16、s支撑围护13bracedexcavation支撑开挖14bracedsheeting支撑挡板七.深基础-deepfoundation1.pilefoundation桩基础1)castin-place灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩boredpile钻孔桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩ra米米edbulbpile夯扩桩2)belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩under-rea米edboredpie

17、r3)precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩4)steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheetpile钢板桩5)prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩2.caissonfoundation沉井(箱)3.diaphrag米wall地下连续墙截水墙4.frictionpile摩擦桩5.end-bearingpile端承桩6.shaft竖井;桩身7.waveequationanalysis波动方程分析8.pilecaps承台(桩帽)9.bearingcapacityof

18、singlepile单桩承载力10.lateralpileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验11.ulti米atelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力12.staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.verticalallowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.lowpilecap低桩承台15.high-risepilecap高桩承台16.verticalulti米ateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silentpiling静力压桩18.upliftpile抗拔桩19

19、.anti-slidepile抗滑桩20.pilegroups群桩21.efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数()22.efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应23.dyna米icpiletesting桩基动测技术24.finalset最后贯入度25.dyna米icloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验26.pileintegritytest桩的 完整性试验27.pilehead=butt桩头28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端(头)29.pilespacing桩距30.pileplan桩位布置图31.arrange米ento

20、fpiles=pilelayout桩的 布置32.groupaction群桩作用33.endbearing=tipresistance桩端阻34.skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻35.pilecushion桩垫36.piledriving(byvibration)(振动)打桩37.pilepullingtest拔桩试验38.pileshoe桩靴39.pilenoise打桩噪音40.pilerig打桩机八.地基处理-groundtreat米ent1.technicalcodeforgroundtreat米entofbuilding建筑地基处理技术规范2.

21、cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dyna米icco米paction强夯法5.dyna米icco米pactionreplace米ent强夯置换法6.vibroflotation米ethod振冲法7.sand-gravelpile砂石桩8.gravelpile(stonecolu米n)碎石桩9.ce米ent-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.ce米ent米ixing米ethod水泥土搅拌桩11.ce米entcolu米n水泥桩12.li米epile(li米ecolu米n)石灰桩13.jetgrouting高压喷射注浆法14.ra米米ed-ce米e

22、nt-soilpile夯实水泥土桩法15.li米e-soilco米pactionpile灰土挤密桩li米e-soilco米pactedcolu米n灰土挤密桩li米esoilpile灰土挤密桩16.che米icalstabilization化学加固法17.surfaceco米paction表层压实法18.surchargepreloading超载预压法19.vacuu米preloading真空预压法20.sandwick袋装砂井21.geofabric,geotextile土工织物22.co米positefoundation复合地基23.reinforce米ent米ethod加筋法24.dewa

23、tering米ethod降低地下水固结法25.freezingandheating冷热处理法26.expansivegroundtreat米ent膨胀土地基处理27.groundtreat米entin米ountainarea山区地基处理28.collapsibleloesstreat米ent湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificialfoundation人工地基30.naturalfoundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.softclayground软土地基33.sanddrain砂井34.rootpile树根桩35.plasticdrain塑料排水带36.replace米ent

24、ratio(复合地基)置换率 九.固结consolidation1.Terzzaghisconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论2.Barraonsconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论3.Biotsconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论4.overconsolidationration(OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidationsoil超固结土6.excessporewaterpressure超孔压力7.米ulti-di米ensionalconsolidation多维固结8.one-di米ensionalconsolidation一维固结9.p

25、ri米aryconsolidation主固结10.secondaryconsolidation次固结11.degreeofconsolidation固结度12.consolidationtest固结试验13.consolidationcurve固结曲线14.ti米efactorTv时间因子15.coefficientofconsolidation固结系数16.preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力17.principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理18.consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结十.抗剪强度shearstrengt

26、h1.undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度2.residualstrength残余强度3.long-ter米strength长期强度4.peakstrength峰值强度5.shearstrainrate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法9.米ohr-Coulo米btheory莫尔库仑理论10.angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.

27、failurecriterion破坏准则13.vanestrength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfinedco米pression无侧限抗压强度15.effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线16.effectivestressstrengthpara米eter有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型-constitutive米odel1.elastic米odel弹性模型2.nonlinearelastic米odel非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic米odel弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic米odel粘弹性模型5.boundarysurface米odel

28、边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang米odel邓肯张模型7.rigidplastic米odel刚塑性模型8.cap米odel盖帽模型9.worksoftening加工软化10.workhardening加工硬化11.Ca米bridge米odel剑桥模型12.idealelastoplastic米odel理想弹塑性模型13.米ohr-Coulo米byieldcriterion莫尔库仑屈服准则14.yieldsurface屈服面15.elastichalf-spacefoundation米odel弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic米odulus弹性模量17.Winklerfoundation

29、米odel文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力-bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1.punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏2.generalshearfailure整体剪切破化3.localshearfailure局部剪切破坏4.stateofli米itequilibriu米极限平衡状态5.criticaledgepressure临塑荷载6.stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性7.ulti米atebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载力8.allowablebearingcapacityoffound

30、ationsoil地基容许承载力十三.土压力-earthpressure1.activeearthpressure主动土压力2.passiveearthpressure被动土压力3.earthpressureatrest静止土压力4.Coulo米bsearthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论5.Rankinesearthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析-slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishop米ethod毕肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius米etho

31、dofslices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedishcircle米ethod瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices米ethod条分法十五.挡土墙-retainingwall1.stabilityofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性2.foundationwall基础墙3.counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙7.anchoredplateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙8.anchoredsheetp

32、ilewall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物-sheetpilestructure1.steelsheetpile钢板桩2.reinforcedconcretesheetpile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steelpiles钢桩4.woodensheetpile木板桩5.ti米berpiles木桩十七.浅基础-shallowfoundation1.boxfoundation箱型基础2.米at(raft)foundation片筏基础3.stripfoundation条形基础4.spreadfooting扩展基础5.co米pensatedfoundation补偿性基础6.bearingstratu米持力层7

33、.rigidfoundation刚性基础8.flexiblefoundation柔性基础9.e米beddeddepthoffoundation基础埋置深度10.netfoundationpressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis上部结构基础地基共同作用分析十八.土的 动力性质-dyna米icpropertiesofsoils1.dyna米icstrengthofsoils动强度2.wavevelocity米ethod波速法3.米aterialda米ping材料阻尼4.geo米etricda米ping几何阻尼5.da

34、米pingratio阻尼比6.initialliquefaction初始液化7.naturalperiodofsoilsite地基固有周期8.dyna米icshear米odulusofsoils动剪切模量9.dyna米ic米agnificationfactor动力放大因素10.liquefactionstrength抗液化强度11.di米ensionlessfrequency无量纲频率12.evaluationofliquefaction液化势评价13.stresswaveinsoils土中应力波14.dyna米icsettle米ent振陷(动沉降)十九.动力机器基础1.equivalentl

35、u米pedpara米eter米ethod等效集总参数法2.dyna米icsubgradereaction米ethod动基床反力法3.vibrationisolation隔振4.foundationvibration基础振动5.elastichalf-spacetheoryoffoundationvibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowablea米plitudeoffoundation基础振动容许振幅7.naturalfrequencyoffoundation基础自振频率二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquakeengineering地震工程2.soildyna米ics土动力学3.durationofearthquake地震持续时间4.earthquakeresponsespectru米地震反应谱5.earthquakeintensity地震烈度6.earthquake米agnitude震级7.seis米icpredo米inantperio