四级翻译练习transla.ppt

题型介绍,题型和分值,中译英(翻译句子的一部分) 翻译部分(5%),评分原则及标准,2006年12月四级Translation 1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。 2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。 3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。 4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,解题技巧,解题思路,1, 首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能，结构及形式，即在句中充当什么成分,用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性短语,是否要用从句,是否要倒装等 2, 注意选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确,不要混用近义词和形近词. 3, 翻译完成后再次通读句子，检查有无拼写,用词,语法或逻辑错误，检查句子(整句)是否完整，主谓是否一致,代词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词,介词等,并进行必要的修改和润色.,种常考语法要点归纳,. 比较结构 1). On average, it is said, visitors spend only_ （一半的钱） in a day in Leeds as in London. (half as much money) 2)Americans eat_（两倍）protein as they actually need every day. (twice as much) 3) The number of the students in this city has _ (增加了6倍) in comparison with 2001. (increased 6 times),.用于表示“与相比”的短语 Your losses in trade this year are nothing_ （与我的相比） (compared with mine/ in comparison with mine) 2) Since my childhood I have found that _( 没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力 ) (nothing is more attractive to me than reading ) 3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness so much_（而是他缺乏天分） (as by his lack of talent),.状语从句 包括： - as though 即使 hardly/barely/scarcelywhen (句子前半部要倒装) 一就 (Hardly had we sat down at the table, when the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。) no soonerthan(句子前半部要倒装) 一就 (No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。) now that 既然，由于 in that 因为，由于 In case that/ for fear that/ lest 以防，万一，以免 Unless 除非（才） Whetheror 不管是还是,Examples: 1)._（家也许很简陋）, theres no place like home, wherever he may go. (Humble as it may be) 2)._（我们一到山顶）than we all sat down to rest. (No sooner had we reached the top of the hill) 3)._(既然你很熟悉作者的想法), try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can. (Now that you are familiar with the authors ideas) 4).Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误) （in that it helps to find and correct our mistakes）.,5） Give me your telephone number _(以备我需要你的帮助) （in case I need your help）. 6）_（政府才能有效运行） unless it is free from such interference. (Government cannot operate effectively) 7） The substance does not dissolve in water _（不管是否加热） (whether (it is) heated or not),.名词性从句 1) In some countries, _（所谓的平等）does not really mean equal rights for all people. (what is called “equality”) 2) _ （给我印象最深的） were her liveliness and sense of humor. (What impressed me most ),. 定语从句 1) A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样). ( as was to be expected) 2)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _（正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样） (as is often the case in other countries) 3) Im not accustomed to such luxury, _ (它简直是浪费钱). (which is just a waste of money ),分句关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况 ）当先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, something, few, little, much, none, 等不定代词时 ）当先行词被序数词(the first, the second) 或形容词最高级所修饰时 ）当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时 当先行词是人而且有only, all, any等限定词时，其后用作分句主语的关系代词通常用 that (Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard.),.虚拟语气 ）用于以下动词之后的 that 分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should +原型 (order, command, demand, insist, maintain, request, require, ask, recommend, propose, suggest, move, desire, etc) ）以下形容词用于 It is +adj. +that 结构中，从句动词用原型或者是should +原型 (advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fundamental, imperative（命令的，强制的）, obligatory（必须的）, important, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, proper,) 3) 用在以下名词之后的that 分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should +原型 （decision, decree(法令，判决)，demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution, a pity, a shame, no wonder that,）用于宾语从句中 wish ）用于某些特定结构中, 如 If only, as though/if, It is (high) time that +从句（从句动词用过去时或过去完成时） 是时候做某事了 （Its time you went to bed./ It was time you had gone to bed.） would rather+从句 -would rather后接从句（注意：从句的主语和主句的主语不是一个人）时，从句谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为： A.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望， 如 Id rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。 Id rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。 B.用过去完成时表过去的愿望， 如 Id rather you hadnt said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 Id rather you hadnt done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。,5) sb. would / could /should have done if sb. had done 如果（当时）有做某事的话，就会 e.g. He could have succeeded if he had followed your advice. 如果他有听从你的劝告，他就会成功了。 The victim would have survived if he had been taken to hospital in time . 如果他当时能被及时送到医院，他就会生还。,1) The professor required that _（我们交研究报告） (we hand in our research reports) 2) It is highly desirable that a new president_（被任命） for this college. (be appointed) 3)Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. (could have made a good salary),4) But for his help, I _(我不可能这么早完成) (would not have finished so early) 5)The victim _(本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time . (would have survived) 6) Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. (something was done/ some measures were taken ),.倒装结构 ）表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时 a. seldom, rarely, never; b. Hardly/Scarcely when, No sooner than; c. 包含only的状语出现在句首; d.当包含no的短语出现在句首, at no time, under no circumstances, in no way, on no account, on no condition, by no means, etc. ）so, neither, nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时 ）地点状语位于句首，动词是come, lie, stand, walk等,1) Not until the game had begun _（他才到达）the sports around. (did he arrive at) 2) If you wont agree to our plan,_(他们也不会同意). (neither will they) 3) He had understood nothing, _ (也没尝试着去) understand. (nor did he try to) 4) Only after I slapped him on the back _( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ). (did he notice me and shouted with happiness ),.并列成分 and, or, nor, but, not but, both and, than, not only but (also), either or , neither nor rather than 而不是 （instead of）I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. other than (常用于否定句) 除以外（except）Ill be going away in June but other than that Ill be here all summer. 我会在六月份外出; 除此以外，我整个夏天都在这里。 etc.,1) In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco_ （而不愿待在纽约） (than stayed in New York.) 2)In no country_ （除了在英国）, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. (other than Britain) 3)_（这两本书都不认为）the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing. (Neither of the two books hold) neither of后接复数名词或代词，动词用单数和复数都可以，复数动词较正式。either or 亦同。,种常考词汇要点归纳,A. 接不定式或动名词的动词及短语 以下单词或词组后接动名词 ing anticipate, appreciate, consider, deny, dislike, enjoy, favor, mind, practise, report, resent, risk, keep, imagine/fancy, recall, defend, , include， involve, justify（证明正确；对 解释）, advise/suggest, confess, admit / acknowledge, delay, postpone, put off, excuse / forgive, miss, escape, avoid, tolerate, resist, give up, dream of / about, despair of （对丧失信心，感到绝望）, object to, feel like (想做某事), count on （依靠, 指望）, succeed in, insist on, stick to, persist in （坚持做某事）, persevere in （坚持）, look forward to, have (no) trouble / difficulty) in ,以下单词或词组后接不定式 to do refuse, afford, agree, choose, claim, manage, offer, pretend, promise, swear to do (发誓，承诺去做某事), venture to do (小心谨慎地去做某事), guarantee to do保证去做某事, decide/determine/resolve to do (决心去做某事), desire/hope/wish, expect, 以下单词或词组后接不定式 to do. 但是 to 省略 had better do cannot but do may/might as well do 不妨做某事 would rather/sooner ,1)Mr. Johnson preferred_. （别人给他重活干） (to be given heavier work to do) 2)She would appreciate_（收到来信）you sometime. （hearing from） 3) I used _（以前抽烟抽得很凶）, but I gave it up three years ago. （to smoke heavily） 4) If you dont like to swim, you _（不妨待在家里） (may as well stay at home),B.表因果关系的动词词组 lead to/result in give rise to 使发生 （The novels success gave rise to a number of sequels. 这部小说的成功带来就系列的续篇。） result from/arise from originate in/from be responsible for ,.常用短语 与动词有关 take into account/consideration 把考虑在内; accuse sb of (doing) sth 因为某事控告/谴责某人; charge sb with sth 因为某事控告/谴责某人; charge sb (money) for sth 收费，要价; benefit by/from sth 得益于，得利于; comment on sth / make comments on sth 对作评论; concentrate (ones attention) on/upon 集中注意力于; focus on (doing) sth集中注意力于;,convince sb. of sth. 使确信，使信服（- You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。 ） come/go into effect 生效;开始实施 （- New control come into effect next month. 下月开始实施新的管制措施。） take effect 开始起作用;见效; 生效;开始实施 （-The aspirins soon take effect. 阿司匹林药片见效快。） be entitled to (doing) sth 有资格/权利去做某事 (- You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。) find fault with 批评,catch a glimpse of sth/sb 看了一眼 (He caught a glimpse of her in the crowd. 他一眼瞥见她在人群里。) inform sb of/about sth 知会某人某事 (Please inform us of any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。) be/get involved in sth 参与 keep/hold pace (with) 与并驾齐驱，步调一致 make sense 有意义，讲得通，合乎情理 (-It makes sense to do sth) spend (time, money) on sth / in doing sth 花时间/金钱在某事上 have access to 有机会、权利、途径 （- Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。）,与形容词有关 be accustomed /used to (doing) sth 习惯于 be ashamed of 对感到羞愧 be (well/fully) aware of 完全明白，意识到 be committed to 尽心尽力的; 忠诚于的 be composed of 由构成 be concerned about 担心的，忧虑的 be concerned with 关切的，关注的 be conscious of 意识到，注意到 be consistent with 与一致的，相符的,be content with 对感到满意 be critical of 对批评的，挑剔的 (sb.) be familiar with (sth) 对熟悉 (- I am familiar with the voice.) (sth./sb.)be familiar to (sb.) 对熟悉 (-The voice seems to be familiar to me.) be ignorant of/about 对某事不了解，无知 (-Hes completely ignorant about modern technology. 他对现代科技一无所知。) be jealous of sb/sth 嫉妒,feel/be nervous about/of 因而紧张，焦虑，担忧 be optimistic about 对感到乐观 be relevant to 与紧密相关，切题的 be sensitive to 对敏感的，体贴的，易生气的 be similar to 与相似 be uneasy about/at sth 对感到不自在，担心 be inferior to 比不上; 劣于 (-This model is technically inferior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上比不上它的竞争者。) be superior to 占优势; 更胜一酬 (-This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了它的竞争者。）,介词词组 on behalf of / on sbs behalf 代表某人 (-I would like to thank you all on behalf of the team.) in behalf of 为帮助某人 (-We collected money in behalf of the homeless. 我们为帮助无家可归者募捐。) in case 以防万一 (- Youd better take the keys in case Im out. 你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。) in case of 如果，假使 (- In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如遇火险，即按警铃。) in charge of （或 take charge of） 主管，掌管 (- He has been in charge of the farm since his father passed away.),be in (out of) contact with 与有联系/失去联系 to a certain extent 在某种程度上 （- To some extent what she argues is true. 她的话在某种程度上是符合事实的。） in favor of 赞同，支持 ; 看中，选择 （- He argues in favor of a stike. 他据理力争主张罢工。）（- He abandoned teaching in favor of a career as a musician. 他弃教从事音乐。） In support of 支持 （- He argues in support of a stike. 他据理力争主张罢工。） in honor of 为纪念; 向表示敬意 （- This ceremony was held in honor of those killed in the explosion. 举行这个仪式来纪念爆炸中的死难者。）,in particular 尤其，格外；特殊的，专门的 (- He loves science fiction in particular. 他特别喜爱科幻小说。) (- She directed the question at no one in particular. 她的问题没有针对任何个人。) on the point of 在 的时刻，关头 (- We were on the point of giving up. 我们当时几乎要放弃了。) to the point of 达到某种程度，近乎 (- He was rude to the point of being aggressive. 他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的地步。) on purpose 故意地 for the sake of 为了的缘故；为获得某物 (- They stayed together for the sake of the children. 为了孩子，他们还待在一起。) （- She gave up smoking for the sake of her health. 为保持身体健康，她戒了烟。）,名词词组 a heart attack; a tourist attraction （景点）; heavy rain/snow/traffic; opening/closing/degree/graduation ceremony; severe punishment/pain/injuries/drought/storm a case in point（一个恰当的例子; 明证） ; in case 以防万一 in case of 如果，假使 in any case 无论如何，总之 in no case 决不，无论如何不 in the case of 就来说；至于 in this case 既然是这样 ,真题解析,2006.6,1. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路). （finding the way to the history museum) 关键采分点之一必然是看在答案中是否使用了动名词形式 2. _(为了挣钱供我上学)， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. (In order to to finance my education) 动词的选择， 还可用raise money, support ，afford 3. The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。 (we hand in our research reports) 句型：虚拟语气require that sb. (should) do sth.,4. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). (the more confused I am) 掌握the more, the more 句型 ；另外confused的使用 5. Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了). (he was fired by the company ) 让步状语从句 ；关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。,2006.12,1)Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活) (adjust/adapt to life in a different culture 或者 adapt to living in different cultures) 注意adapt to 后接动名词 2)Since my childhood I have fond that _(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) (nothing attracts me more than reading 或者 nothing is more attractive/appealing to me than reading ) “Nothing is morethan“和“Nothing is soas“都具有最高级比较的意思，指“没有比更”。,3)The victim _来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time. （would have had a chance of surviving; would have survived ） 虚拟语气 4)Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独) （are likely to/may/might feel lonely when (they are) away from home） 5)The nations population continues to rise _(以每年1200万人的速度) （at a rate of 12 million per/a/each year ; at the rate of 12 million people annually; at an annual rate of 12,000,000; by 12 million yearly） at a speed of (以的速度)；其二是数字1200万人的表达，也就是12个百万12 million 而million后面加上多余的复数s则是很多同学容易出现的错误。,2007.6,1) The finding of this study failed to_(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内) （take peoples sleep quality into account ） take into account/consideration 2) The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_（我们可以合作的领域） （the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate） 定语从句,3) Because of the leg injury, the athlete_(决定退出比赛） （decided to quit the match） decide to do sth.;另外quit 的使用 4) To make donations or for more information, please_（按以下地址和我们联系） （contact us at the following address） contact的用法 5) Please come here at ten tomorrow morning_（如果你方便的话） （if it is convenient for you / at your convenience）,2007.12,1_（ 多亏了一系列的发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully. （Thanks to a series of new inventions ） 2. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了). （I am more inclined to get tired than before ） 3.Im going to pursue this course, _(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲) （no matter what kind of sacrifice I will make ）,4.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because_(它更加方便和省时) （the former is more convenient and time-saving ） 5.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. （is measured by how much they can borrow）,模拟练习,1.（如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系）_the problem will be solved easily because he is an expert in this field. （if you manage to get in touch with Mr Smith） manage to do表示成功地做成某事，不成功不可以用 2.The problem lies in how people look at those students _（专心追求知识的）. （who are knowledge-oriented/absorbed acquiring knowledge） sth.-oriented追求; 定语从句 3.On Childrens Day, kids _有资格免费进入） to all the city parks. （are entitled to free admissions） be entitled to do sth. 对享有权利, 值得; 有（做某事）的资格权利,4.The restaurant next door serves good food, but the one across the street is much better _（就服务而言）. （as far as the service is concerned） so/as far asbe concerned就而言，concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时，是后置定语，大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。 5._（每当天气不好时）, he takes whatever umbrella he can find. （whenever the weather is bad） Whenever 的使用是关键,6.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not_( 失去联系 ) the outside world. （lose contact with） 短语lose contact with/lose touch with与失去联系 7.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_( 正在研制 ) and perfected now. （are being developed ） “be being done“现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应变化。,8.How close parents are to their children_ _( 有很强的影响 ) the character of the children. （has a strong influence on/effect on ） influence/effect作名词（常与on连用）对有影响力。 influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响“,如:Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. Effect /v/ 指“实现“、“达成“,着重“造成“一种特殊的效果,如:This book effected a change in my opinion.,9.The room is in a terrible mess; it _ （肯定没打扫过） . (cant have been cleaned ) 【超级句型】“情态动词+have done”表示推测，must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中，must只用于肯定句中，can/could不能用于肯定句中，may/might不能用于疑问句中。cant表示不可能，may not表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。 10.With tears on her face, the lady _ (看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室） (watche