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TOEFL9505阅读真题MAILLIUWENYONGCOM1MAILLIUWENYONGCOM199508QUESTION19INVESTIGATIONOFTHEDEEPOCEANKEYWORDSOCEAN,RESEARCHERS,TECHNIQUES,SAMPLES,ROCKSTHEOCEANBOTTOMAREGIONNEARLY25TIMESGREATERTHANTHETOTALLANDAREAOFTHEEARTHISAVASTFRONTIERTHATEVENTODAYISLARGELYUNEXPLOREDANDUNCHARTEDUNTILABOUTACENTURYAGO,THEDEEPOCEANFLOORWASCOMPLETELYINACCESSIBLE,HIDDENBENEATHWATERSAVERAGINGOVER3,6000METERSDEEPTOTALLYWITHOUTLIGHTANDSUBJECTEDTOINTENSEPRESSURESHUNDREDSOFTIMESGREATERTHANATTHEEARTH'SSURFACE,THEDEEPOCEANBOTTOMISAHOSTILEENVIRONMENTTOHUMANS,INSOMEWAYSASFORBIDDINGANDREMOTEASTHEVOIDOFOUTERSPACEALTHOUGHRESEARCHERSHAVETAKENSAMPLESOFDEEPOCEANROCKSANDSEDIMENTSFOROVERACENTURY,THEFIRSTDETAILEDGLOBALINVESTIGATIONOFTHEOCEANBOTTOMDIDNOTACTUALLYSTARTUNTIL1968,WITHTHEBEGINNINGOFTHENATIONALSCIENCEFOUNDATION'SDEEPSEADRILLINGPROJECTDSDPUSINGTECHNIQUESFIRSTDEVELOPEDFORTHEOFFSHOREOILANDGASINDUSTRY,THEDSDP'SDRILLSHIP,THEGLOMARCHALLENGER,WASABLETOMAINTAINASTEADYPOSITIONONTHEOCEAN'SSURFACEANDDRILLINVERYDEEPWATERS,EXTRACTINGSAMPLESOFSEDIMENTSANDROCKFROMTHEOCEANFLOORTHEGLOMARCHALLENGERCOMPLETED96VOYAGESINA15YEARRESEARCHPROGRAMTHATENDEDINNOVEMBER1983DURINGTHISTIME,THEVESSELLOGGED600,000KILOMETERSANDTOOKALMOST20,000CORESAMPLESOFSEABEDSEDIMENTSANDROCKSAT624DRILLINGSITESAROUNDTHEWORLDTHEGLOMARCHALLENGER'SCORESAMPLESHAVEALLOWEDGEOLOGISTSTORECONSTRUCTWHATTHEPLANETLOOKEDLIKEHUNDREDSOFMILLIONSOFYEARSAGOANDTOCALCULATEWHATITWILLPROBABLYLOOKLIKEMILLIONSOFYEARSINTHEFUTURETODAY,LARGELYONTHESTRENGTHOFEVIDENCEGATHEREDDURINGTHEGLOMARCHALLENGER'SVOYAGES,NEARLYALLEARTHSCIENTISTSAGREEONTHETHEORIESOFPLATETECTONICSANDCONTINENTALDRIFTTHATEXPLAINMANYOFTHEGEOLOGICALPROCESSESTHATSHAPETHEEARTHTHECORESOFSEDIMENTDRILLEDBYTHEGLOMARCHALLENGERHAVEALSOYIELDEDINFORMATIONCRITICALTOUNDERSTANDINGTHEWORLD'SPASTCLIMATESDEEPOCEANSEDIMENTSPROVIDEACLIMATICRECORDSTRETCHINGBACKHUNDREDSOFMILLIONSOFYEARS,BECAUSETHEYARELARGELYISOLATEDFROMTHEMECHANICALEROSIONANDTHEINTENSECHEMICALANDBIOLOGICALACTIVITYTHATRAPIDLYDESTROYMUCHLANDBASEDEVIDENCEOFPASTCLIMATESTHISRECORDHASALREADYPROVIDEDINSIGHTSINTOTHEPATTERNSANDCAUSESOFPASTCLIMATICCHANGEINFORMATIONTHATMAYBEUSEDTOPREDICTFUTURECLIMATES1THEAUTHORREFERSTOTHEOCEANBOTTOMASA“FRONTIER“INLINE1BECAUSEITAISNOTAPOPULARAREAFORSCIENTIFICRESEARCHBCONTAINSAWIDEVARIETYOFLIFEFORMSCATTRACTSCOURAGEOUSEXPLORERSDISANUNKNOWNTERRITORY2THEWORD“INACCESSIBLE“INLINE3ISCLOSESTINMEANINGTOAUNRECOGNIZABLEBUNREACHABLECUNUSABLEDUNSAFETOEFL9505阅读真题MAILLIUWENYONGCOM2MAILLIUWENYONGCOM3THEAUTHORMENTIONS“OUTERSPACE”INLINE5BECAUSEATHEEARTH'SCLIMATEMILLIONSOFYEARSAGOWASSIMILARTOCONDITIONSINOUTERSPACEBITISSIMILARTOTHEOCEANFLOORINBEINGALIENTOTHEHUMANENVIRONMENTCROCKFORMATIONSINOUTERSPACEARESIMILARTOTHOSEFOUNDONTHEOCEANFLOORDTECHNIQUESUSEDBYSCIENTISTSTOEXPLOREOUTERSPACEWERESIMILARTOTHOSEUSEDINOCEANEXPLORATION4WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGISTRUEOFTHEGLOMARCHALLENGERAITISATYPEOFSUBMARINEBITISANONGOINGPROJECTCITHASGONEONOVER100VOYAGESDITMADEITSFIRSTDSDPVOYAGEIN19685THEWORD“EXTRACTING“INLINE10ISCLOSESTINMEANINGTOABREAKINGBLOCATINGCREMOVINGDANALYZING6THEDEEPSEADRILLINGPROJECTWASSIGNIFICANTBECAUSEITWASAANATTEMPTTOFINDNEWSOURCESOFOILANDGASBTHEFIRSTEXTENSIVEEXPLORATIONOFTHEOCEANBOTTOMCCOMPOSEDOFGEOLOGISTSFROMALLOVERTHEWORLDDFUNDEDENTIRELYBYTHEGASANDOILINDUSTRY7THEWORD“STRENGTH“INLINE16ISCLOSESTINMEANINGTOABASISBPURPOSECDISCOVERYDENDURANCE8THEWORD“THEY“INLINE21REFERSTOAYEARSBCLIMATESCSEDIMENTSDCORES9WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGISNOTMENTIONEDINTHEPASSAGEASBEINGARESULTOFTHEDEEPSEADRILLINGPROJECTAGEOLOGISTSWEREABLETODETERMINETHEEARTH'SAPPEARANCEHUNDREDSOFMILLIONSOFYEARSAGOBTWOGEOLOGICALTHEORIESBECAMEMOREWIDELYACCEPTEDBYSCIENTISTSCINFORMATIONWASREVEALEDABOUTTHEEARTH'SPASTCLIMATICCHANGESDGEOLOGISTSOBSERVEDFORMSOFMARINELIFENEVERBEFORESEENTOEFL9505阅读真题MAILLIUWENYONGCOM3MAILLIUWENYONGCOMQUESTIONS1021BASICTOANYUNDERSTANDINGOFCANADAIN20YEARSAFTERTHESECONDWORLDWARISTHECOUNTRY'SIMPRESSIVEPOPULATIONGROWTHFOREVERYTHREECANADIANSIN1945,THEREWEREOVERFIVEIN1996INSEPTEMBER1966CANADA'SPOPULATIONPASSEDTHE20MILLIONMARKMOSTOFTHISSURGINGGROWTHCAMEFROMNATURALINCREASETHEDEPRESSIONOFTHE1930'SANDTHEWARHADHELDBACKMARRIAGESANDTHECATCHINGUPPROCESSBEGANAFTER1945THEBABYBOOMCONTINUEDTHROUGHTHEDECADEOFTHE1950'S,PRODUCINGAPOPULATIONINCREASEOFNEARLYFIFTEENPERCENTINTHEFIVEYEARSFROM1951TO1956THISRATEOFINCREASEHADBEENEXCEEDEDONLYONCEBEFOREINCANADA'SHISTORY,INTHEDECADEBEFORE1911,WHENTHEPRAIRIESWEREBEINGSETTLEDUNDOUBTEDLY,THEGOODECONOMICCONDITIONSOFTHE1950'SSUPPORTEDAGROWTHINTHEPOPULATION,BUTTHEEXPANSIONALSODERIVEDFROMATRENDTOWARDEARLIERMARRIAGESANDANINCREASEINTHEAVERAGESIZEOFFAMILIESIN1957THECANADIANBIRTHRATESTOODAT28PERTHOUSAND,ONEOFTHEHIGHESTINTHEWORLDAFTERTHEPEAKYEAROF1957,THEBIRTHRATEINCANADABEGANTODECLINEITCONTINUEDFALLINGUNTILIN1966ITSTOODATTHELOWESTLEVELIN25YEARSPARTLYTHISDECLINEREFLECTEDTHELOWLEVELOFBIRTHSDURINGTHEDEPRESSIONANDTHEWAR,BUTITWASALSOCAUSEDBYCHANGESINCANADIANSOCIETYYOUNGPEOPLEWERESTAYINGATSCHOOLLONGER,MOREWOMENWEREWORKING,YOUNGMARRIEDCOUPLESWEREBUYINGAUTOMOBILESORHOUSESBEFORESTARTINGFAMILIES,RISINGLIVINGSTANDARDSWERECUTTINGDOWNTHESIZEOFFAMILIE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