2016年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(b级)试题与答案

2016 年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B 级）试题与答 案 第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分） 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接 近的选项。 1. The revelation of his past led to his resignation. A. imagination B. disclosure C. confirmation D.recall 答案为 B. revelation(揭露) disclosure(揭露) 2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal. A.careless B.cruel C.strong D.hard 答案为 B. brutal(残忍的)-cruel 3. Youll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. A. jump B.escape C. run D.prepare 答案为 C. sprint (快速奔跑) run(奔跑) 4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. A. changeable B. stable C. suitable D.adaptable 答案为 A. fluid(不稳定的) changeable (易变的) 5. The new garment fits her perfectly. A. haircut B.purse C. clothes D.necklace 答案为 C. garment(衣服) clothes(衣服) 6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. A. fear B.joy C. hurt D.memory 答案为 C. trauma(精神上的创伤) hurt (感情上的伤心或痛苦) 7. They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. A. decorate B. water C. change D.visit 答案为 B. irrigate(灌溉) water(给浇水) 8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler. A. disabled B.pupil C. teenager D. baby 答案为 D. toddler(学步的儿童) baby (婴儿) 9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B.severe C. hard D.dry 答案为 A. mild(温暖的) warm(温暖的) 10. The details of the costume were totally authentic. A. real B. outstanding C. creative D. false 答案为 A. authentic(逼真的) real (逼真的) 11. We are aware of the potential problems. A. global B. possible C. ongoing D.central 答案为 B. potential(可能的)- possible(可能的) 12. The idea was quite brilliant. A. positive B. clever C. key D. original 答案为 B. brilliant(绝妙的) clever (聪明的) 13. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate. A. regulated B. increased C. maintained D. fell 答案为 C. tumbled(暴跌) fell(下降) 14. The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance. A. coaching B. idea C. term D. aspect 答案为 A. instructions (指导说明)coaching（教导） 15. All houses within 100 metres of the seas at risk of flooding. A.in danger B.out of control C.between equals D.in particular 答案为 A indanger of （处于危险中） at risk of （处于风险中） 第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分） 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的 是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有 提及，请选择 C。 The Theory of Everything If Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than Ns doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulatevoluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or threeyears. Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste of smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669. Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science. He is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies. He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Isthere a complete theory of the universe and everything in it? Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe,how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years. If Stephen Hawking it able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live. 16. Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University. A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesnt have to work. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. The Theory of Everything Is about the rules that everything in our follow. A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子 Geothermal(地热) Energy 1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earthscenter flows outwards towards the surface. In this way,it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma (岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earths surface. It often remains wen below the earth s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there aredeep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heatedrainwater travels back up to the earths surface where it will appear as a hotspring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透 的） rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot waterand steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants. 2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal powerplant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today. 3 Mostcurrently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash“ steamplants or binary (双重的) plants.Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700 Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it Hashes“ or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again. 4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash seam but itcan still be used to generate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam from this(参照图片) is used to power the turbines. As in theflash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir. 23.Paragraph 1_C_ 24.Paragraph 2_A_ 25.Paragraph 3_E_ 26.Paragraph 4_B_ A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plants C.Origin of geothermal energy D.Generation of electricity E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam 27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hotwater is trapped under_B_. 28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with_D_. 29. Flash plants produce hot water through_C_. 30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into_A_. A. the energy to turn a turbine B. impermeable rock C. one or two separators D. turbine operator E. little or no water F. hot springs 第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分） 下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。 第一篇 Smart Windows Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat.However, windows are not something people typically associate with an advanced technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anything in between easily. “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyrestuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when itcomes to energy and temperature control. In winter cold air leaks in. When itshot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的)，actually sucks up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major focus of energy research for along time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing (用玻覆盖)，and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic (发色的）technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochromic (电致色的）windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide (氧化钨)works a bit like a batter. Tungsten oxides is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压) is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark. One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory”. All it takes is a small change of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way.Transits take anywhere from in 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed.“In the future,”Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.” 31. Which of the following of values of windows is NOT mentioned? A. They let light in to brighten the house. B. They let light in to heat the house. C. They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world. D. They let us think about the outside world. 32. The expression “when it comes to “ in Paragraph 3 is used to A. signal the arrival of a guest. B. indicate the recovery of consciousness. C. show our understanding of something. D. introduce a new aspect of a topic. 33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that A. are coated. B. are glazed. C. have several layers. D.can change color. 34. Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows A. Paragraphs 5. B. Paragraph3. C. Paragraph4. D. Paragraphs 6. 35. A smart window is smart mainly because A.it can change its size. B.it can change its structure. C.it can change the voltage of electricity. D.it has a sort of memory. 第二篇 Sports Star Yao Ming If YaoMing is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly thetallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to competein the Game. But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao Ming around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(接杰出的才能)but also for being a symbo lof international commerce. When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the courtare clear enough 一 no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付 的人）for opponents on either end ofthe court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China. When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折） in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, tooffer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics. Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process.Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits, although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair. “There is no reason to dismiss TCM, “ Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its short on science.” 36. The word“towering”in Paragraph 1 means A.large. B.fat. C.tall. D.great. 37. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his A.mobility. B.assault. C.defense. D.celebrity. 38. YaoMing had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because A. hisright foot had been hurting. B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery. C. thesurgical operation had been a failure. D. hecouldnt afford all the medical expenses. 39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true? A.He missed the Athens Olympics. B.Heis an NBA player. C.Hefractured his left foot. D.Heis an international figure. 40. In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is A.indifferent. B.positive. C.negative. D.doubtful. 第三篇 Can You Hear This? When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium,listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These arecalled the reflected wave or reverberant(反射)sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source. The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined bythe volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is also determined by howwell or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room(including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time, because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talking must have a short reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between. Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel (平行的）walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid,repetitive pulsing effect. Large pillars (柱）and comers can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object. Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors, called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound. 41 This passage is mainly about A.Sound waves and their effects. B.the types of music orchestras play. C.walls of an auditorium. D.the design of an auditorium. 42. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies with full-sound effect have A. a short reverberation time. B. an intermediate reverberation time. C. no reverberation time. D. a long reverberation time. 43. This passage suggests that a good auditorium should A. get rid of all reflections. B. not have absorbers. C.achieve a pleasing mixture of sound D. have smooth surfaces. 44. Large pillars and corners may A. make sound rich and full. B. be cures for sound problems. C.be sources of sound problems. D. function as effectively as clouds. 45. The word“ acoustic“ in the last paragraph has something to do with A.performance B.sound C.audience D.weather 第 5 部分：补全短文 What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams arean important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams cantell us about a persons mind and emotions. Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. _E_(46) The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900),Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a persons wishes. He believedthat dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freuds. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. _F_(47) For example, people whodream