加快推进有机畜牧业发展有关政策建议和举措

加快推进有机畜牧业发展有关政策建议和举 措 关键词： 有机畜牧业，是指在牲畜的饲养过程中，不使用化学饲料或含有用化肥、合成农药、 转基因作物生产的饲料来饲养，牲畜福利能满足动物的生理和行为需要的畜牧业。当前， 国际国内有机食品的市场前景非常看好，有机畜牧业的发展给餐桌提供了良好的有机食品， 我国是畜牧业生产大国，发展有机畜牧业，市场潜力和未来发展空间巨大，是促进农牧业 增效、农牧民增收、改善生态环境的重要措施。我州有得天独厚的高原优质牧场，具备发 展有机畜牧业的优越条件。2011 年 3 月 10 日至 20 日我们对河南县有机畜牧业发展进展情 况、全州有机畜牧业的发展进行了深入细致的调查研究，现将调研情况汇报如下： 1 有机畜牧业工作进展情况 2004 年河南县提出发展有机畜牧业的思路，于 2006 年 10 月在全省率先正式启动有机 畜牧业产业化工作，2007 年取得北京中绿华夏有机食品中心认证的有机畜牧业基地，经过 几年不断的摸索和实践，河南县在发展有机畜牧业方面积累了一定的经验，为全州有机畜 牧业的发展作出了榜样。一是得到了省州县及相关部门资金支持。2006 年河南县被省农牧 厅列为全省第一个有机畜牧业产业化示范基地，省财政厅下拔专项资金 40 万元。2008 年 又被列为全省有机畜牧业和生态畜牧业建设试点县，省财政厅分别下拔资金 300 万元和 100 万元。州、县政府每年从支农支牧资金中专列经费，使有机畜牧业产业化项目前期经 费得到了保障。二是用规划指导有机产业发展。河南县政府委托农业部规划设计院编制完 成了河南县有机畜牧业发展规划 ，对基地的所有产业进行了整体规划，为产业发展和招 商引资提供了依据。三是逐步推进与有机畜牧业相适应的“三位一体”新牧区建设，为新 牧区建设与发展有机畜牧业有机结合，确定了“生产点、生产服务区、生活区”相分离的 “三位一体”新牧区建设思路。四是在畜牧养殖、加工、流通等领域进行了可追溯体系的 建设。并给所有牲畜都佩带二维识别码，使牧户养殖、畜群防疫情况、企业屠宰加工情况、 流通环节销售情况等都可以通过电子耳标实现动态管理。如果出现产品质量问题，可直接 追溯到每一个牧户，逐渐实现“从草场到餐桌”的全过程监管。五是科学规划项目，加大 项目争取力度。编制出草原防火、动物防疫、欧拉羊良种繁育、有机畜牧业业体系和产业 化加工等到方面的项目可研报告。 2 存在的问题 （1） 牧民缺乏有机畜牧业生产的相关知识。牧民对有机畜牧业的认知度不高，缺乏有机 生产技术，靠天养畜，粗放经营，夏秋草地利用不充分的问题。 （2）动物福利待遇不高。现有的草原基础设施建设与发展有机畜牧业的牲畜福利工程建设 要求还有较大的差距。 （3） 草原鼠虫害蔓延的势头得到有效遏制，但仍需要投入大量人力、物力和财力加以治 理。 （4）在兽药的使用上还有待于进一步规范。特别是牲畜内外驱虫病的防治方面,需要彻底 解决兽药残留问题。 / / / / （5）畜牧业产业支撑服务能力薄弱。推广管理机制建设滞后，科技服务相对不足，畜牧业 高新技术引进不力，品种改良步伐缓慢，有机饲料生产，无害化处理、生活垃圾缺乏必要 的处理设施。 （6）招商引资进展缓慢。有机畜牧业产业化链条尚未完全形成，畜产品经纪人及营销队伍 不足，产前、产中、产后社会化服务匮乏，产业链短，产品附加值低，缺乏具有竞争力、 有效带动有机畜牧业发展的长效机制。 3 发展有机畜牧业的意见和措施 （1）河南县在作好有机畜牧业的基础上，作好发展有机畜牧业产业化工作。泽库县在 2012 年以前完成五项认证工作，2013 年进行有机产品认证工作。同仁、尖扎县 2012 年以 前完成五项认证工作，2013 年进行有机产品认证工作。设立全州有机产品研发、监测、检 验中心，负责有机产品的研发、生产，对有机畜牧业基地的空气、土壤、水进行动态实时 监测。提高有机产品的个体附加值。加强服务体系建设，建立健全州、县、乡草原、畜牧 兽医、农机、水利等方面的三级服务体系。州、县、乡的动物卫生监督和草原监理执法机 构从现在的兽医站和草原站分离出来，成立专门的执法机构，负责动物及其产品的检验检 疫和草原监理的执法任务。 （2）加大草原建设力度。开展圈窝种草，对黑土滩进行补植补种，禁止从外地购买非有机 饲草料，并将泽库和日乡、宁秀乡和巴滩牧场所属的 15 万亩的油菜种植基地在经过转换期 后进行大规模人工种草， 泽库县宁秀镇、和日乡、汪家乡、巴滩牧场及同仁县瓜什则乡主 要以种植禾本科有机牧草为主，泽库县的麦秀镇，同仁县扎毛乡、曲库乎乡两个乡镇以种 植豆科有机牧草为主。种植高营养豆科牧草的地区，可逐渐延伸到同仁、尖扎二县浅脑山 地区。并在同仁、尖扎二县的浅脑山地区逐步建立豆科牧草基地。为有机畜牧业生产基地 提供饲草饲料保障，解决牧区饲草料不足和牲畜四季出栏问题。 （3）结合正在实施的游牧民定居工程，制定太阳能节能暖棚牛羊不同的建设标准，解决冷 季牲畜营养不足、福利待遇低等问题。结合生态畜牧业，适度对畜暖棚集中，发展畜牧业 专业合作化经济组织。 （4）加强科技攻关。将生物药品的研发作为重点科技攻关项目，组织力量尽早研发治疗牲 畜内外寄生虫病的中藏药品，解决化学兽药残留问题。 （5）加大对牧民群众有机畜牧业生产培训教育力度，使牧民群众尽快掌握有机生产技术， 每户至少培训一个有机畜牧业生产明白人。在基地内建立完备的生产管理体系和质量控制 体系，自我管理，自我监督，自我经营，自我发展。 （6）加大招商引资力度。采取“走出去、请进来”的办法，引进有实力、技术力量雄厚、 市场开拓能力强的龙头企业，以龙头企业的介入带动产业化发展。实行订单畜牧业，以 “公司十合作社十牧户”的产业化运作模式，在公司、合作社、牧户之间建立紧密的利益 联结体，形成稳定的供求关系。与此同时，要加强畜产品及其副产品的研发，提高畜产品 的个体附加值。 / / （7）河南县有机畜牧业产区基本符合国家无规定动物疫病区评估管理办法和中华人 民共和国动物防疫法等法律法规之规定。河南县畜牧兽医行政主管部门要根据农业部 无规定动物疫病区管理技术规范条件，向省级人民政府畜牧兽医行政主管部门审报国 家无规定动物疫病区。在河南县有机畜牧业产区，建立无规定动物疫病区。 Abstract: Keywords: Organic animal husbandry, livestock rearing process does not use chemical feed containing fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, switch to the production of genetically modified crops feed to feeding livestock welfare to meet the physiological and behavioral needs of the animal husbandry. Current domestic and international organic food market prospects are very optimistic about the development of organic livestock provides a good organic food to the table, our country is the largest producer of animal husbandry, the development of organic animal husbandry, huge market potential and future development of space, to promote agriculture and animal husbandry industry to improve efficiency, farmers and herdsmen, important measures to improve the ecological environment. I state unique a plateau high quality ranch, with favorable conditions for the development of organic animal husbandry. March 10, 2011 to 20 days, we of Henan County organic livestock development progress, the development of the statewide organic animal husbandry depth and meticulous research, and now reports on the situation as follows: 1 organic animal husbandry work progress Henan County in 2004 put forward the idea of the development of organic animal husbandry, organic livestock industry was officially launched in October 2006, the first in the province in 2007 and Beijing in China Organic Food Center certified organic animal husbandry base, after several years of constant exploration and practice, Henan County in the development of organic livestock accumulated experience, has made an example for the development of organic livestock statewide. First, get the financial support of the provincial counties and departments. County in Henan Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department as the provinces first organic animal husbandry industrialization demonstration base pull 400,000 yuan of special funds under the Provincial Department of Finance. 2008 as the provinces organic animal husbandry and ecological animal husbandry building pilot counties, the provincial financial department capital of 300 million and 100 million, respectively, under the pull. The state, the county government train funding from supporting agriculture branch, animal husbandry funds each year, organic animal husbandry industry pre-funding of the project has been secured. Planning to guide the development of the organic industry. Henan county government commissioned the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture completed the preparation of Henan County organic livestock development planning “, the base of all industry overall planning, and provide a basis for industrial development and investment. Gradually promote the construction of new pastoral “Trinity“ organic livestock, the combined of organic husbandry organic for the construction and development of the new pastoral determine the “trinity“ new “point of production, production and service area, living area and phase separation pastoral areas of building ideas. Fourth, the construction of a traceability system in the field of animal husbandry, processing, circulation. Wearing two-dimensional ID to all livestock so herdsman breeding, herd epidemic prevention, enterprise slaughter and processing situation, circulation sales and so can be achieved / / / / through electronic ear tag dynamic management. If the product quality problems can be traced directly to each herdsman gradually “from pasture to table“ the whole process of supervision. The science planning projects, and to fight efforts to increase the project. Preparation of a grassland fires, animal epidemic prevention, Euler sheep seed breeding, organic animal husbandry industry system and industrial processing until the aspects of the project feasibility report. 2 problems (1) the lack of knowledge of organic livestock production herders. The organic livestock herders awareness is not high, the lack of organic production techniques, breeding hinged extensive operation, summer and autumn grass inadequate. (2) Animal welfare is not high. The existing grassland infrastructure construction and development of organic animal husbandry livestock welfare project requirements of the building there is a large gap. (3) the momentum spread of the grassland rodent pest been effectively curbed, but still need to invest a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to governance. (4) the use of veterinary drugs needs further specification. Especially livestock inside and outside worming prevention and treatment of the disease, veterinary drug residues need to completely solve the problem. (5) animal husbandry industry support service capacity is weak. Promotion management mechanism construction lag, the relative lack of technology services, animal husbandry high-tech introduction weak, the slow pace of improved varieties, organic feed production, sound processing, garbage and the lack of necessary treatment facilities. (6) investment has been slow. Organic animal husbandry industry chain is not yet fully formed, livestock broker and marketing team, prenatal, delivery and postnatal social services is scarce, short chain, low value-added products, the lack of a competitive, effectively driven organic animal husbandry the development of a long-term mechanism. 3 views on the development of organic livestock and measures (1) Henan county prepare organic livestock based on well to the development of organic animal husbandry industrialization. Zeku County in 2012 to complete the five certification, certification of organic products in 2013. Colleagues, JIANZHA County in 2012, completed the five certification, certification of organic products in 2013. Establish statewide organic product development, monitoring, inspection center, responsible for organic products, research and development, production, dynamic, real-time monitoring of air, soil, and water of organic animal husbandry base. Improve individual value-added organic products. Strengthening the service system, establish and improve the state, county, township grassland animal husbandry and veterinary, agricultural, water conservancy and other aspects of the three service system. State, county, townships animal health supervision and grassland supervision of law enforcement agencies from the veterinary station and grassland station separated, set up a special law / / enforcement agencies, is responsible for the inspection and quarantine of animals and their products and grassland supervision of law enforcement tasks. (2) increase the the grassland construction efforts. Carry out Circle Waterloo grass, replanting replant Black Beach, banned from overseas to buy non-organic forage Zeku in rural and, Ning Xiu Xiang and bar beach ranch belongs to 15 million mu of rape planting base in large-scale artificial grass, after the conversion period Zeku County rather show the town, and in rural hometown Wang, bar Beach pasture and Tongren County melon even the Heung planting Gramineae organic pasture-based Zeku County wheat show the town of Tongren County tie hair township music library almost the Heung two township planting leguminous organic pasture. Planting areas of high nutritional forage legumes, can be gradually extended to the the colleagues, JIANZHA two counties shallow brain Mountain region. And colleagues, of Jianzha two county the shallow brain Mountain region and gradually establish the a leguminous forage base. Protection of fodder for organic livestock production base to solve the problem of lack of forage in pastoral areas and livestock seasons slaughter. (3) the livestock nutrition nomadic population in the development of solar energy greenhouses cattle and sheep different construction standards are implemented to solve the cold season, and low in benefits. Combination of ecological animal husbandry moderately concentrated livestock greenhouses, the development of animal husbandry professional co-operative economic organizations. (4) to strengthen the scientific and technological research. The bio-pharmaceutical research and development as a key scientific and technological projects, organizational strength developed as soon as possible possession of drugs in the treatment of parasitic diseases of livestock inside and outside, to solve the problems of chemical residues of veterinary drugs. (5) to increase the production of organic livestock herders masses training and education efforts, so that the herdsmen the masses as soon as possible to master organic production techniques, every train at least one organic livestock production sensible. The base complete production management system and quality control system, self-management, self-monitoring, self- management, self-development. (6) increase investment. Take “to go out, please come in“ approach, the introduction of powerful, strong technical force, marketing ability of leading