lesson 5 words

Lesson 5 Silent Spring Word Study abundance n. a great or plentiful amount, fullness, affluence Examples: Carpets are available可购买的 in abundance. abundant a. This area is abundant in petroleum deposit. abound v. Streams abound盛产 with fish. assault ;n. 攻击; 袭击，进攻; 威胁，殴打; 侵犯人身; vt. 袭击; 强暴; 使（感官）难受; vi. 发起攻击; 动武; v./n. violent physical or verbal attack (usually implying sudden, intense violence) Examples: Muggers often assault their victims on dark streets. increases in violent assaults over the past decade v./n. violent physical or verbal attack (usually implying sudden, intense violence) Examples: Muggers often assault their victims on dark streets. increases in violent assaults over the past decade colossal巨大的 a. enormous (a hugeness that elicits awe) Examples: Even by modern standards, the 46, 000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. colossal crumbling ruins of an ancient temple confinevt. 限制; 局限于; 禁闭; 管制; n. 界限，范围; 国界; v./n. to keep within bounds; restrict Examples: Please confine your remarks to the issues at hand. The sick child was confined to bed. consent v./n. to agree; accept; approve of Examples: Marys parents refused their consent to her marriage. Has the minister consented to having his speech printed? considerableadj.相当大（或多）的; 该注意的，应考虑的; a. large in amount, extent, or degree; significant Examples: She is a writer of considerable influence. The economy was a considerable issue in the campaign. contaminate t.弄脏，污染; 损害，毒害 ; vi.玷污，毒害，腐蚀（人的思想或品德） ; adj. 古污染的; v. a. to make impure or unclean by contact or mixture b. to expose to or permeate with radioactivity Examples: The river was contaminated with waste. Dont be contaminated by bureaucracy. contend vi.争夺; 竞争; 奋斗; 争斗; vt.称，主张; 争论，争辩; 斗争，战斗; v. a. to strive in opposition or against difficulties; struggle b. to compete, as in a race; maintain Examples: The armies in the two countries are contending for control of the strategic territory战略版图. They had to contend with long lines at the airport. The defendant被告人 contended that the evidence was inadmissible不予接受的. damp a./v./n. a. slightly wet b. moisten c. to restrain or check; discourage Examples: I dont like to sleep between damp sheets被褥. His clothes were damped in the rain. The rain damped their spirit. His remarks damp down their enthusiasm. deliberate a. a. intentional b. arising from or marked by careful consideration Examples: He mistook the oversight for a deliberate insult. He told us a deliberate lie. They took a deliberate action yesterday. emerge出现，浮现 v. a. to rise from or as if from immersion(沉浸，洗礼） b. to come forth from obscurity（默默无闻） c. to come into existence Examples: Sea mammals（哺乳动物） must emerge periodically定期地 to breathe. The sun emerged from behind the clouds. Advanced figures are emerging in multitude(大量,n) in this era of ours. evolve vt.使发展; 使进化; 设计，制订出; 发出，散发; vi.发展; 生 通过进化进程发展或发生; v. a. to develop or achieve gradually b. to work out; devise Examples: The British present political system has evolved over several centuries. The developmental history of the society tells us that man has evolved from the ape. flicker v./n. a. to move waveringly b. to burn unsteadily or fitfully shadows flickering on the wall墙上摇曳的影子 a flicker of doubt一丝疑虑 leaves flickering in the wind在风中摇晃的树叶 The candle flickered in the wind. 蜡烛在风中闪烁不定。 flames that flickered in the night黑夜中闪烁的火光 harmony n. a. agreement in feeling, interests, andopinions, etc. b. pleasing combination of related things racial harmony种族和睦 domestic harmony家庭和睦 Everyone lives in harmony. 每个人和睦生活在一起 Tourism should develop in harmony with environment. 旅游业应与环境同步发展。 harmonious relationships和睦的关系 harmonize different approaches into unified strategies将不同的方法统一起来使其成为统一的策略 impetuous mpetusadj.冲动的 ; 鲁莽的; 猛烈的; 迅疾的; a. impulsive and passionate (forceful impulsiveness or impatience) Examples: impetuous, heaving waves奔腾汹涌的浪花 impetuous promise冲动的许诺 indiscriminate adj. 不加选择的，不分青红皂白的; 随意的，任性的，任意的; 眼内无珠; 汗漫不可收拾; a. a. unselective; widespread; wholesale b. confused; chaotic; unrestrained Examples: indiscriminate taste in music无特殊音乐品味 indiscriminate violence大规模的暴力事件 the indiscriminate use of pesticides杀虫剂的广泛使用 the indiscriminate policies of the previous administration前任内阁令人困惑的政策 indiscriminate spending无节制的挥霍 intensify vt. 增加（照片图象）的对比度; 变强或增强; v. to make intense or more intense Examples: intensified image放大像 The press has intensified its scrutiny of his background. 新闻界已增强了对他背景的调查。 intense intensive intense emotions深情 intense heat酷暑 an intense writer感受深刻的作者 intensive training强化训练 research-intensive研究密集型的 intensive care悉心照顾 modify v. a. to change in form or character; alter b. to make less extreme, severe, or strong Examples: The equipment may be modified to produce VCD sets. refuse to modify her stand on the issue Compare: change, alter, vary He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. She had her dress altered the other day. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. potent ptnt adj.有效的，强有力的; 有权势的; 烈性的; 有说服力的; a. powerful Examples: potent liquor a potent toxin potent arguments subject v. a. to experience b. to expose c. to submit to the authority of a. prone; exposed Examples: The patients on that ward were subjected to infection. The campers were subjected to extreme weather. a child who is subject to colds be subject to misinterpretation suppress vt.镇压，压制; 止住，忍住; 禁止发表; 阻止的生长（或发展） ; v. to put an end to forcibly强迫地, prohibit the activities of (suggesting the exercise of force that drastically inhibits or crushes) Examples: suppress anger/annoyance/delight suppress a sneeze suppress the urge The virus suppresses the bodys immune system. tamper v. a. to interfere干扰 in a harmful manner b. to tinker with rashly or foolishly Examples: He tried to tamper with the decedents will. tampering with the timing mechanism of the safe Dont tamper with my feelings. Compare: interfere, meddle, tamper It was his peculiar doctrine that a man has a perfect right to interfere by force with the slaveholder, in order to rescue the slave. I dont like people meddling in my affairs. A large number of persons were accused of tampering with ballot boxes. Phrases and Expressions be caught up in v. a. to captivated b. If you get caught up in sth. you become involved in it often without wanting to. Examples: I was caught up in the mood of the evening. He got caught up in the drugs business. catch up with, catch up on Examples: You start first, walk on and Ill catch up with you later. I have to catch up on my work so I cant go out. be geared to v. to adjust or adapt so as to make suitable Examples: Education should be geared to childrens needs. within bounds being under legal or moral obligation out of bounds a. If a place is out of bounds, people are not allowed to go there. b. If something is out of bounds, people are not allowed to do it, use it, see it, or know about it. Examples: All our trading activities are within the bounds of the law. This area is out of bounds to persons not concerned. immune to a. a. not affected by a given influence b. not subject to an obligation imposed on others Examples: immune to persuasion 不能被说服的 immune from taxation 免于纳税 immune from criminal prosecution 免于刑事诉讼 lay down v. a. to give up and surrender b. to specify Examples: lay down their arms lay down the rules life-and-death a. a. involving or ending in life or death b. vitally important Examples: a life-and-death battle a life-and-death struggle between union and management a limit on n. 限度，极限 Examples: Whats the limit on how many bottles of wine you can bring through customs? attempt to set a limit on customer waste Word Building suppress (6) sup,sub-: under; subordinate; secondary supply提供 supplicate恳请 subsoil底土 subplot次要情节 subway地铁 substandard不合规格的 subcontinent次大陆 subdivide细分 sublet转租 subculture次培养基 subtitle副标题 sub-editor副主编 potent (6) pot: power potentate当权者，有权势的人 potential潜在的，有潜在能力的 impotent无力的，软弱无能的 omnipotent全能的，无所不能的 plenipotentiary全权大使 multipotent多能的 potentiality可能性，潜在性 suffix -ial a. having, belonging aerial 空气的 commercial商业的 partial部分的 crucial至关紧要的 cordial热忱的, 诚恳的, 兴奋的 celestial天上的 substantial坚固的, 充分的 Grammar Use of prepositional phrases Definition: A phrase that consists of