托福阅读机经背景— 世行敦促加强艾滋病预防工作

智课网 TOEFL备考资料 托福阅读机经背景 世行敦促加强艾滋病预防工作 The World Bank says significantly better HIV prevention efforts are needed in Africa. It says a slow global economy and uncertain donor aid make preventing new infections a necessity. 世界银行称，非洲需要大力加强艾滋病预防工作。世行表示，由于全球经济增长缓慢以及援 助的不确定性，有必要防止新的感染病例。 A new World Bank report says the worlds economic woes are causing “anxiety about maintaining and expanding AIDS treatment programs in low income countries.” 世界银行的一份最新报告称，世界经济困境令人对“低收入国家能否维持和扩大艾滋病治疗项 目感到担忧“。 Co-author Elizabeth Lule said concerns about tight budgets coincide with much progress being made against the disease. 这份报告的共同作者伊利莎白卢莱说，预算紧张问题令人忧虑，与此同时在防治艾滋病方面 正取得许多进展。 “HIV prevalence, especially among young people, is going down in southern Africa. In countries where theres highest burden, young people have better knowledge. Theyre using condoms consistently. Theyre reducing partners. So there is a lot of progress,” she said. 她说:“非洲南部的 HIV感染率正在下降，尤其是在年轻人中。在艾滋病感染率最高的国家，年 轻人掌握了更多的相关知识。他们保持使用避孕套，也在减少性伴侣，因此这方面取得了许 多进展。“ Also in recent years, studies have shown that giving antiretroviral drugs to HIV negative people can protect them from becoming infected. And theres been progress in vaccine research, although an effective vaccine is still considered years away. 最近几年的研究表明，让HIV检测呈阴性的人使用抗逆转录病毒药物可以使他们免受感染。另 外，疫苗研究方面也取得进展，尽管研究出有效的疫苗仍被认为需要数年时间。 Fiscal dimension “We shouldnt just be looking at HIV/AIDS as a health problem, but also as an economic problem because of the huge costs that are incurred in treating people as well as prevention. And we highlight the importance of continuing to use effective prevention in order to contain future costs,” she said. 卢莱说:“我们不应该只将HIV/ 艾滋病看作一个健康问题，还应把它看作一个经济问题，因为相 关的治疗和预防费用高昂。我们强调，继续使用有效的预防措施对于控制未来的费用至关重 要。“ The report is called The Fiscal Dimension of HIV/AIDS in Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland and Uganda. 世行的这份报告题为“ 博茨瓦那、南非、斯威士兰和乌干达的HIV/艾滋病防治的财政问题“。 “Theres been very limited analysis on the fiscal dimension of HIV/AIDS for countries to understand the future liability that they take on, especially if they do not reduce new infections. They would only be adding to the burden,” she said. 卢莱说:“有关 HIV/艾滋病的财政问题的分析研究非常有限，分析这个问题旨在让各国了解他们 未来的负担，特别是如果他们不减少新感染病例，他们的负担就会增加。“ Lule, the World Banks acting director for regional integration in Africa, said treating HIV/AIDS can only be done on a long term basis. 卢莱目前担任世界银行的非洲区域整合项目代理主任。她说，治疗HIV/艾滋病只能是个长期 过程。 “When a person gets HIV/AIDS it usually takes a number of years before they develop full-blown AIDS. But then once you put them on treatment you cannot stop. And they may survive, of course, for a long time and the countries have to incur those costs. And then the more new infections you have the more people you have to treat in the future. And therefore the higher costs that countries would have to incur,” she said. 她说:“当一个人感染上 HIV艾滋病病毒，通常要经过许多年的潜伏期后才会发展成艾滋病病人 。而一旦开始治疗，就不能停。他们可能活很久，这些国家不得不面临由此带来的费用。如 果有更多的新感染病例，未来就不得不治疗更多的人。因此，这些国家就不得不面临更多费 用。“ But while the World Bank calls for significantly better HIV prevention efforts, it does not propose specific ways to do that. 虽然世行呼吁大大加强艾滋病预防工作，但它没有提出具体的建议。 Lule said, “There isnt any HIV strategy that works effectively everywhere. Countries have to understand and know their epidemic. In countries like Uganda, Brazil and Thailand, where they had a lot of success in reducing HIV infections, it was mainly using a combination of behavior interventions, biomedical interventions, as well as structural interventions that look at the underlying causes.” 卢莱说:“没有一项能够策略能适用于每个地方。各国必须了解自己的情况。在乌干达、巴西 和泰国这样的国家，它们在减少HIV感染率方面获得了许多成功。主要措施是综合运用行为干 预、生物医学干预以及从基本病因着手的结构性干预。“ Cost per infection The study tries to calculate how much money a country would save if it prevented one HIV infection. For example, it says Uganda would save nearly $6,000 for each new infection that was prevented. South Africa could save $2,500 per infection. 世行的这项研究设法计算如果防止一例HIV感染病例，一个国家可以节省多少钱。举例来说， 这项研究指出，每防止一例新感染病例，乌干达就可以节省近6000美元，南非可以节省2500 美元。 “So its a huge saving if they really did prevention more effectively. And then they would be able to afford maintaining the treatment as well as investing in prevention,” she said. 卢莱说:“因此，如果这些国家真正更有效地预防艾滋病，就能节省大量资金。这样它们就能 够负担维持治疗的费用并投资于预防。“ Lule said countries with poor health systems or a shortage of health workers may face challenges strengthening their prevention efforts. She added effective programs will require partnerships involving governments, donors and people living with HIV. 卢莱说，医疗保健系统糟糕或者缺乏医务工作者的国家可能在加强预防工作的方面面临挑战 。她说，一个有效的防治艾滋病项目，需要政府、捐助者和HIV感染者的参与和合作。 Whats more, the World Bank official says even without a global recession, available resources must be used effectively and efficiently in the future. Currently, more than 6 and a half million people are receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS, but about 30 million