口腔麻醉与拔牙课件

Oral local anesthesia and extraction of teeth Local anesthetic agent lTetracaine (dicaine) lProcaine lLidocaine lBupivacaine lArticaine(碧兰麻) Kinds of local anesthesia lsuperficial anesthesia linfiltration anethesia lblock anethesia or conduction anethesia block anethesia or conduction anethesia lBlock anethesia of posterior superior alveolar never lBlock anethesia of anterior palatine never lBlock anethesia of nasopalatine nerve lBlock anethesia of infraorbital nerve lBlock anethesia of inferior alveolar nerve lBlock anethesia of lingual nerve lBlock anethesia of buccal nerve Block anethesia of posterior superior alveolar never l解剖标志:上颌结节 l进针点 l操作要点 l麻醉范围 Block anethesia of anterior palatine never l解剖标志:腭大孔 l进针点 l操作要点 l麻醉范围 Block anethesia of nasopalatine nerve l解剖标志:切牙孔 l进针点 l操作要点 l麻醉范围 Block anethesia of infraorbital nerve l解剖标志:眶下孔 l进针点 l操作要点 l麻醉范围 Block anethesia of inferior alveolar nerve l解剖标志:下颌孔 l进针点 l操作要点 l麻醉范围 Block anethesia of maxillary nerve l解剖标志:圆孔 l进针点 l操作要点 翼腭管注射法 颧下翼突注射法 l麻醉范围 Block anethesia of mandibular nerve l解剖标志:卵圆孔 l进针点 l操作要点 l麻醉范围 Complications of local anethesia and precaution and treatment lSwoon lAnaphylaxis lToxication lInfection lHematoma lBreaking the needle lFacial paralysis Extraction of teeth Indication lSevere caries lPeridontitis lSevere apix lDelayed deciduous teeth lMultidentine malposed lImpacted teeth lTraumatism lOrthodontic treatment lTeeth that are foci of infection lExtraction for treatment Contraindication lBloody disease: hemophilia refactory anemia leukemia lCardiovascular disease lDiabetes mellitus lHyperthyroidism:th yr-oid crisis lNephropathy lHepatitis lPregnancy and menstruation lAcute infection lMalignent tumor Instruments lDental forceps, elevator, chisel, lGingival seperator, curette, mallet Steps for extraction l分离牙龈 l挺松牙齿 l安插牙钳 l摇动或扭转 l拔出 l拔牙创的处理 lCautions 各类牙拔除术 l阻生牙拔除 l牙根拔除 Huring of extraction l拔牙创出血及血块形成 l血块机化 l骨组织的修复 l上皮覆盖拔牙创 Complications of extraction of teeth lOperative complications lPostoperativ