课题介绍 research paper：Introduction to the course

Introduction to the courseI. research paper1. research one purpose of the course Types of research Field research: the basic means of gathering information in fields. Field research can be carried in three ways: observing; interviewing; using questionaire. Library research: involving sources or materials locating, taking notes, sorting and sifting materials. Internet research: searching for sources from internet. Experimental research: obtaining data from purposefully controlled conditions. Basic research vs. applied researchBasic research: theory-oriented, no immediate practical useApplied research: practice-oriented, obvious immediate practical use Qualitative vs. quantitative research2. paperA brief about RP: so far as we have known the definition and characteristics of RP, you may have formed a wrong or biased idea in your mind, that RP must be flat, rigid, dry and dull. However, RP dont have to be so; RP factually can be witty, intellectually invigorating, and fun to read. It is up to what you choose to research and how you write it. RP is more likely to be explanatory and analytic, however, descriptive and narrative techniques can also be effectively employed in your “academic/research” papers. Two types of research paper:There are two major categories of academic research: argumentative and analytical. While both require extensive research to support a thesis or claim, the goals of each type of paper differ greatly. Argumentative Research The goal of an argumentative research paper is to persuade, using secondary information to support the writers stance on a topic. Therefore, the writer must clearly decide and communicate their stance on the chosen topic in the form of a thesis statement. The thesis of an argumentative research paper typically stems from a controversial issue-one that can be debated and contains potential refutation that the writers research will need to address. Analytical ResearchUnlike the argumentative paper, which forces the writer to take a definitive stance on a topic, the analytical paper poses a question by the writer that requires further investigation. This question is referred to as the research question and is the driving force behind the analytical paper; it requires that the writer take no stance and remain objective throughout his investigation of the topic. The goal is to offer a critical interpretation of primary and secondary sources throughout the paper-sources that should, ultimately, buttress his particular analysis of the topic.General Requirements of RP structureThe following list covers the basic parts of any research paper:-a title page (title of research, authors name, date, school/university)-body of the paper (content comprised of primary, secondary, and writer insights)-headings and subheadings-documentation (in-text citations, footnotes, endnotes)-works cited (bibliography that gives credit to the primary and secondary information or an annotated bibliography)-margins, spacing, and indentation-pagination (page header)-punctuation and typing-visualsgeneral structure for the Research PaperTitle/topic Abstract and key words Introduction Main body containing several sections ( the number of sections depending on how the author plans his or her paper and how complecated and difficult the questions to be treated), in content, it mainly includes methods, results and discussion. Conclusion References section appendices common particular purposes RP writing Writing to summarize: a brief restatement of a book or a long original texts main ideas Writing to synthesize: combining different sources of materials under a topic to show the truth more completely Writing to explain: explaining concepts, processes (how sth. is to be done or how a theory is put into practice), or giving factual or detailed information. Writing to argue: for or against a point of view. Writing to propose: propose solutions to problems. Writing to analyze: analyze causes, benefits and defects, characters, and so on. Writing to evaluate: give conclusive comments on sth. Writing to verify: test some theory, or methods. Types of writingResearch paper is usually a formal, substantial and well-documented paper that explores, discusses or analyzes some factual or theoretical questions. Formal: it is written in standard language and in formal style devoid of contractions, eclipses, slang words, vulgarisms, etc. Substantial: it deals with academically important and serious issues and is of substance, length and depth. Well-documented: it rigidly follows the rules of citation documentation with all borrowed ideas or facts fully acknowle