职称英语考试理工类阅读理解精选

大家论坛职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(1)In the last 500 years, nothing about people-not their clothes, ideas, or languages-has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the Potato Famine of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the wide-awake feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A) Food.B) Chocolate.C) Potato.D) Coffee2. Some in Some still exist today meansA) some cocoa trees.B) some chocolate drinks.C) some shops.D) some South American Indians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the Potato Famine becauseA) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B) they were forced to emigrate to America.C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D) the potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA) Brazil.B) Colombia.C) Ethiopia.D) Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldis goats.C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.KEY: ACDCD职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(2)One-room schools are part of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a vague longing for the way things were. One-room schools are an endangered species, however. For more than a hundred years one-room schools have been systematically shut down and their students sent away to centralized schools. As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one-room schools in the United States. By 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one-room schools, more than 350 are in Nebraska. The rest are scattered through a few other states that have on their road maps wide-spaces between towns. Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something yet to be learned form one-room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with progressive-sounding names like peer-group teaching and multi-age grouping for educational procedures that occur naturally in the one-room schools. In a one-room schools the children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the Time teaching someone else. A fourth grader can work at a fifth-grade level in math and a third-grade level in English without the stigma associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from the other pupils. In larger urban and suburban schools today, this is called mainstreaming. A few hours is a small school that has only one classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska in their children have to go to a one-room school.1. It is implied in the passage that many educators and parents today feel that one-room schoolsA)need to be shut down.B)are the best in Nebraska.C)are a good example of the good old day.D)provide good education.2. Why are one-room schools in danger of disappearing?A)Because they all exist in one state.B)Because they skip too many children ahead.C)Because there is a trend towards centralization.D)Because there is no fourth-grade level in any of them.3. What is mentioned as a major characteristic of the one-room school in the second paragraph?A)Some children have to be left back.B)Teachers are always busy.C)Pupils have more freedom.D)Learning is not limited to one grade level at a time.4. Which of the following can best describe the authors toward one-room schools?A)Praising.B)Angry.C)Critical.D)Humorous.5. It can be inferred from the last sentence that parents living in NebraskaA)dont like centralized schools.B)received educational in one-room schools.C)prefer rural life to urban one.D)come from other states.KEY: DCDAA职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(3)Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the citys population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offsprings of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the citys population. Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they from? (OK, time to drop the they. Im one of them). The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 source nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants get here we roll up our sleeves. if youre not ready to work when you get to New York, says a friend of mine, youd better hit the road.The mayor of New York once said, Immigration continues to shape the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City. He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes New York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of unity that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century since 1970, the United Stated admitted about 125 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are purposeful and hard-working, they will help America to make a fresh start in the next century.1. The report issued by the Department of Planning of New YorkA) put forward ways to control New Yorks population.B) concerned itself with the growth of New Yorks population.C) studied the structure of New Yorks population.D) suggested ways to increase New Yorks population.2. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true of the immigrants in New York?A) One can not find his place in New York unless he is ready to work.B) They found life in New York harder than in their own countries.C) Most of them have difficulty finding jobs.D) One can live on welfare if he does not want to work.3. The mayor of New York considers immigration to beA) a big problem in the management of the city.B) a push needed to develop the city.C) a cause of disintegration of the citys social structure.D) an obstacle to the development of the city.4. Where are the new New Yorkers from?A) Asia.B) Europe.C) All over the world.D) Latin America.5. What is the authors attitude towards immigration to New York?A) Negative.B) Worried.C) IndifferentD) Positive.Keys: CABCD职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(4)In the mid 1940s, the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames. It was in 1945 that Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company that would be known for the most famous and successful doll ever created. This company would be named Mattel, MATT for Mattson, and EL for Elliot. In the mid 1950s, while visiting Switzerland, Ruth Handler purchased a German Lilli doll. Lilli was a shapely, pretty fashion doll first made in 1955. She was originally fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter, Build.Lilli is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handler to design the Barbie doll. With the help of her technicians and engineers at Mattel, Barbie was born. Ruth then hired Charlotte Johnson, a fashion designer, to create Barbies wardrobe. It was in 1958 that the patent for Barbie was obtained. This would be a fashion doll unlike any of her time. She would be long limbed, shapely, beautiful, and only 11.5 inches tall. Ruth and Elliot would name their new fashion doll after their own daughter, Barbie.In 1959, the Barbie doll would make her way to the New York Toy Show and receive a cool reception from the toy buyers.Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with current trends in hairstyles, makeup and clothing. She is a reflection of the history of fashion since her introduction to the toy market.Barbie has a universal appeal and collectors both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls.1. When Ruth and Elliot Handler was young, they had a strong desireA) to go to school.B) to take photos.C) to make frames.D) to be highly successful.2. Who owned Mattel?A) Mattson.B) Elliot.C) Harold Mattson and Elliot Handler.D) Harold Mattson, Ruth and Ellion Handler.3. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Lilli was fashioned afterA) Build.B) a German doll.C) a pretty girl.D) a shapely woman.4. Where did Ruth Handlers inspiration for the design of the Barbie doll come from?A) Barbie.B) Lilli.C) Charlotte Johnson.D) A fashion designer.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Barbie doll?A) She does not attract young men.B) She has undergone many changes over the years.C) She is 11.5 inches tall.D) She has managed to keep up with fashion.KEY: DDABA职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(5)It is not unusual for a pet to be sent by air cargo from Colombia to New York, but last Decembers shipment of a 4-year-old sheep dog caught a New York Kennedy Airport Customs inspectors eye. The dog looked to be on its last legs, and there was an unusual lump on the side of its body. An X-ray and emergency surgery revealed the presence of 10 condoms tightly packed with five pounds of cocaine that had been surgically implanted in the dogs abdomen - yet another first for Customs in the war on drugs. When it comes to transporting drugs, the methods used are only as limited as a smugglers imagination. Kilo bricks of cocaine are routinely concealed beneath false bottoms of containers that hold poisonous snakes. Youve got snakes that are 12feet long, says a United States Fish and Wildlife Service agent - and sometimes the drug is in the snake. Whos going to pull it out and feel it?In 1994, United States Customs seized 204,391 pounds of cocaine, 559,286 pounds of marijuana and 2,577 pounds of heroin. Just how much actually flows into the country is anyones guess. Some customs officials estimate that only 10 percent of the drugs coming into the country are ever seized. In Miami, the District Attorney wont even prosecute small fry. Its got to be over five kilos of cocaine, above a kilo of heroin and more than 5,000 pounds of marijuana or its not something that were going to stop the presses on, says Tom Cash, a retired agent.Given this deluge, one can only wonder if agents are ever confounded by some of the smuggling methods. There are things we havent seen before, says John McGhee, a Miami Customs special agent, but nothing really surprises us.练习：1. The dog was different from others in thatA) it could stand only on its hind legs.B) it had only two legsC) it was very attractiveD) it had a very big abdomen2. How many methods are used to transport drugs?A) As many as a smuggler can think of.B) Beyond the smugglers imagination.C) Only a limited number.D) Only a few.3. How many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the United States in 1994?A) 204,391B) 2,577C) 25,770D) 559,2864. Which of the following could best replace the expression small fry in the third paragraph?A) Small dogs.B) Small sheep dogs.C) Small smugglersD) Small ringleaders.5. What is this article about?A) Drug transportation from Columbia to New York.B) A new method for drug smuggling.C) Varied drug transportation methodsD) Types of drug.KEY：DACCC职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(6)Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States. After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.1. The Cherokee Nation used to liveA) on the American continent.B) In the southeastern part of the US.C) Beyond the Mississippi River.D) In the western territory.2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way ofA) writing down the spoken language.B) Making word pictures.C) Teaching his people reading.D) Printing their own newspaper.3. A law was passed in 1830 toA) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.B) Send the army to help the Cherokees.C) Force the Cherokees to move westward.D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.A) they went in carts.B) They went on horseback.C) They marched on foot.D) All of the above.5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly becauseA) they were not willing to go there.B) The government did not provide transportationC) They did not have enough food and clothes.D) The journey was long and boring.KEY：BACDC职称英语考试理工类常考的阅读理解精选(7)We all know that the normal human daily cycle of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is win how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no more academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week , 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shows that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekend and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder