高中英语 unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars section warming up reading课件 新人教版必修

话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as moons, planets, stars, nebulae(曙光星云), and galaxies); physics, chemistry, mathematics, and evolution of such objects; and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic background radiation). A related but distinct subject, cosmology, is concerned with studying the universe as a whole. 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 vAstronomy is one of the oldest sciences. Prehistoric cultures left behind astronomical artifacts such as the Egyptian monuments and Nubian monuments, and early civilizations such as the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Indians, Iranians and Maya performed methodical observations of the night sky. However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science. Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, and the making of calendars, but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be synonymous with astrophysics. 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v During the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy split into observational and theoretical branches. Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring data from observations of astronomical objects, which is then analyzed using basic principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy is oriented towards the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena. The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results, and observations being used to confirm theoretical results. 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 vNotes： vcelestial slestl adj.天的，天空的 v n天人，神仙；(指封建时代的)中国 人，天朝之人 vcosmology kzmldi n宇宙学 vmethodical midikl adj.有方法的 ；有条不紊的；井然 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 vRead the passage carefully and judge the following sentences true(T) or false(F) v1Astronomy is only used for the study of stars.( ) v2The oldest sciences include astronomy and others. ( ) v3The field of professional astronomy was split into v observational and theoretical branches.( ) v4Theoretical results need to be tested by the facts.( ) v答案 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 vUnit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Section Warming Up that 3.which made it possible 4.whether； whether 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v1violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 v (教材原句) The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (P25) v地球(开始)变得激烈动荡 ，不知道这个 固体形状是否会继续 存在下去。 v【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。此处为 连词so.that引导的结果状语从句，其中从 句中的it为形式主语，连词whether引导的从 句为真正主语。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【用法归纳】 vviolently adv.猛烈地；凶猛地 vviolence n暴力；暴行；激情 vwith violence猛烈地；强有力地 vtake.by violence强夺 vWhen the man got drunk, he became very violent. v当喝醉酒时，这人变得很粗暴。 vWhatever happens, we will never use violence. v无论发生什么，我们决不会使用暴力。 vThe wind blew with great violence and the climbers had to give up. v风刮得很猛，登山队员们不得不放弃。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【一言辨异】 vLarry was in violent pain.As a result, he behaved violently and treated everything with violence. v拉里处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得 很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【典例剖析】 vIt is commonly believed that _ programs and video games really cause people to become more aggressive. vAfierce Bviolent vCcruel Dfearful v解析 考查名词。句意：一般认为暴力 节目和视频游戏通常引起人们更具侵略性。 根据more aggressive可知此处为“更爱挑衅 的”。 v答案 B 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【即境活用】 v完成句子 v为什么一些火山比另外一些火山喷发 得更猛烈？ vWhy are some volcanic eruptions _ _ _ others? v他昨天碰上了暴风雨。 vHe was caught in _ _ _ yesterday. v答案 more violent than a violent storm 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v2in time及时；终于；迟早；总有一天 v(教材原句)They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.(P25) v它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其 他气体，这些后来形成了地球的大气层。 v【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。关系代 词which引导的从句为定语从句；不定式to produce.短语为结果状语。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【用法归纳】 vat times有时 vat a time每次 vin no time立刻；马上 vat the same time同时 vat one time一度；从前 vat no time绝不(置于句首时，句子常用 倒装) vAt the same time, tuition continues to rise. v(失业率增长的)同时，(大学)学费继续上 升。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 vWell have that leak fixed in no time. v我们马上就把那个漏洞补上。 vDo one thing at a time and do it well. v一次只做一件事情，并且要做到最好。 v考点警示 vat no time用在句首时，句子要部分倒装 。in no time相当于at once或immediately， 用于句首不倒装。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【典例剖析】 vIm so tired of endless work. vHang on there, Brain! Your career would take off _. vAin time Bon time vCat no time Dat a time v解析 考查介词短语。句意：我厌 烦了无止境的工作。布雷恩，坚持吧。 你的事业迟早会腾飞。此处事业的腾飞与现 在的情况不同，由此推知“迟早”。 v答案 A 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【即境活用】 v完成句子 v幸运的是，一名军人及时赶来救起了 这名溺水的男孩。 vFortunately a soldier came to rescue _ _ _ _ the drowning boy. v我们在任何时候都不能向困难屈服。 vAt no time _ _ give in to difficulties. v只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。 vYou will succeed _ _ as long as you dont give up. v答案 in time to save should we in time 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v3unlike prep.不同；不像 adj.不同的 ；相异的 v(教材原句)Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.(P26) v在火星等其他行星上也出现了水，但不 像在地球上一样，这些水后来消失了。 v【句法分析】 这是一个并列句。前后句 子由表示转折意思的连词but引导。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【用法归纳】 vIts unlike sb to do sth做不像某人平 常的样子 vunlikely adj.不大可能发生的；未必会发 生的 vlikely adj.可能的 vbe likely to do sth可能做某事 vIts likely that.有可能 vIts very unlike him to be so late. v迟到这么久可实在不像他平时的作风。 vIts unlike you not to say hello. v连招呼都不打，这可不像是你(的作风) 。 vHes likely to arrive a bit late. v他可能会晚到一会儿。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v 【助记】 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【典例剖析】 vWhich team is _ to win the game? vI dont know, but Ive found _ that ours will win. vAprobable; it unlikely B possible; it possible vClikely; it possible D. likely; it possibly v解析 考查形容词。句意：哪个队 可能赢得比赛？我不知道，但我已经发 现我们队可能赢。第一空为be likely to do句 型；第二空为形式宾语it，然后是形容词表 语句型，由此可知答案。 v答案 C 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【即境活用】 v完成句子 v有可能他不参加会议 v_ _ _ he will not attend the meeting. v她们毫无相似之处，谁也不相信她们 是姐妹。 v海啸，像大地震一样，会对人类造成很 大伤害。 vThey are _ _ _ nobody would believe they were sisters. vA Tsunami，_ a big earthquake, can do great damage to human beings. 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。 vJohn _ _ _ be in London this autumn. v答案 Its likely that so unlike that ；like is likely to 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v4harmful adj.有害的 v(教材原句)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(P26) v很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水 存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶 解在海洋里。 v【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。主语是 一个what引导的主语从句；表语为that引导 的表语从句。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【用法归纳】 vbe harmful to.对有害 vharm n. / B/; the vCa; the D/; / v解析 考查冠词。第一空是do harm to 是固定词组，表示“对有伤害”，harm为 不可数名词，故用零冠词；第二空用定冠词 特指人体的衰弱。所以这里选B项。 v答案 B 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【即境活用】 v完成句子 v这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有 什么害处。 vThe medicine _ _ _ children but does no harm to adults. v这起案件将严重损害我的生活。 vThis case will _ _ _ _ my life. v答案 is harmful to do serious harm to 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v5exist vi.存在；生存 v (教材原句) They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26) v它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多 万年。 v【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。laid eggs too and existed为两个并列谓语部分 。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【用法归纳】 vexist in存在于中 vexist on靠生活/生存 vThere exists.存在；有 vexistence n存在；生活 vin existence现存的；现有的 vcome into existence产生；成立；开始 存在 vIt is said that the plant is the oldest in existence. v据说这种植物是现存最古老的。 vWithout air, we cant exist even for one minute. v没有空气，我们甚至连一分钟都生存不 了。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v考点警示 vexist没有被动语态和进行时。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【典例剖析】 vEarth is a rocky planet where there is liquid water, which is necessary for life to _. vAcome Bexist Cstand D happen v解析 考查动词。句意：地球是一个有 液态水的岩石行星，水的存在是生命存在的 必要条件。exist“存在；生存”，符合题意。 v答案 B 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【即境活用】 v完成句子 v人没有空气就不能生存。 vOne cannot _ without air. v他认为自己看不见的东西就不存在。 vHe thought that if he couldnt see something, _ _ _ . v你可能一辈子都要过着悲惨的生活。 vYou may be stuck with _ _ _ for the rest of your life. v答案 exist it didnt exist a miserable existence 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v6give birth to产生；分娩 v(教材原句)These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.(P26) v这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态， 因为它们能生产幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。 v【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。连词 because引导的句子为原因状语从句。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【用法归纳】 vby birth出生；血统；天生地 vat birth一出生；出生时 vShe is English by birth but French by marriage. v她是英国血统，但嫁给了法国人而加入 了法国国籍。 vThe scientists experiments gave birth to a new drug. v那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【典例剖析】 vIt still puzzles the science world why some mammals produce their young _ and hatching while others _ to young babies. vAlying eggs; giving birth vBby laying eggs; by giving birth vCby laying eggs; give birth vDlaying eggs; giving birth 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v解析 考查动词短语。句意：为什么有 些哺乳动物通过下蛋然后孵化而有些却通过 生幼崽来繁殖下一代，这个问题仍旧让科学 界的人士感到很迷惑。lay eggs“下蛋”； give birth to“产生；分娩；引起”；by doing sth“通过做”。 v答案 B 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【即境活用】 v完成句子 v无休止的选择让人们在生活中产生了 焦虑。 vThe endless choice _ _ _ anxiety in peoples lives. v婴儿一出生重达7磅。 vThe baby weighed seven pounds _ _. v他被认为是天生的音乐家。 vHe is considered to be a musician _ _. v答案 gives birth to at birth by birth 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v7in ones turn轮到某人；接着 v(教材原句)Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.(P26) v于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要 的动物。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【用法归纳】 vin turn依次；轮流；相应地；转而；反 过来 vby turns轮流；交替 vtake turns to do sth轮流做某事 vIts ones turn to do sth轮到某人做某事 vIt will be in Toms turn to be on duty tomorrow. v明天轮到汤姆值日。 vIts my turn to deliver a speech in public. v轮到我在公众面前发表演讲了。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【典例剖析】 vDollar bills are made interesting to look at but very hard to copy._， there are 65 separate steps required to make a dollar bill. vAIn total BIn order vCIn turn DIn short v解析 考查介词短语。句意：美钞看上 去被制作的很有趣，但是很难仿制，制作张 美钞需要65个单独的步骤。in total意思为“ 总计；合计”符合题意。 v答案 A 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【即境活用】 v完成句子 v更为重要的是，我觉得该是我开始照 顾父亲的时候了。 vMore importantly, I found _ _ _ _ to start looking out for my father. v他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。 vThey, _ _ _ ， gave some advice for the plan. 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来 为实践服务。 vAll theories are from practice and _ _ serve practice. v答案 it was my turn in their turn in turn 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v8prevent.from.阻止；制止 v(教材原句)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.(P26) v他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中 ，这就使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中 去。 v【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。关系代 词which 引导的从句为非限制性定语从句， 修饰先行词atmosphere。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【用法归纳】 vstop.from.制止 vkeep.from.阻止 vprotect.from/against.保护免受 伤害 vWhat can stop our going (up from going)if we want to go? v如果我们想去又有什么能阻止我们去呢 ？ vSoldiers have been sent to protect the crew against attack. v已经派出士兵保护船员免遭袭击。 v考点警示 v短语prevent/stop/protect.from.中的 from可以省略，keep.from.中的from不能 省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。 话题美文欣赏课前自主导学考点难点易混点 v【典例剖析