《机械工程专业英语》PPT课件.ppt

Mechanical Engineering English Mechanical Engineering EnglishMechanical Engineering English Lesson 3Lesson 3 Mechanical Engineering DesignMechanical Engineering Design 机械工程 专业英语 Mechanical Engineering English Introduction v Conversations v Reading v Exercises Mechanical Engineering English Method Teaching Discussion Self-studying Question Mechanical Engineering English Background Situation Mechanical engineering Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principle of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It requires a solid understanding of key concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics and energy. Mechanical engineers use these principles and others in the design and analysis of motor vehicles, aircraft, heating this is followed by courses emphasizing the application of this knowledge and studies in the social sciences and humanities to give the engineer a broader education. Mechanical Engineering English Dialogue 1 Mr. King: How many books can you borrow from library at a time? Lily: Usually, it is 5 books for an undergraduate and 10 books for a postgraduate at one time. Mr. King: What about the English corner in your campus? Lily: The English corner is held every Thursday evening. Teachers from the Foreign Languages Teaching Office help students to organize the activities and you can catch any interesting topic such as English studies, music, movies, books and traveling there. We do benefit a lot from it. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English Mr. King: Do you have a habit of doing exercise? Lily: Sure, we have a regulation of morning exercises, which guarantees us a healthy body. You can meet students undertaking different kinds of exercises if you take a walk in the morning on campus. Mr. King: Would you like to comment on your instructor? Lily: He is a man of profession and responsibility. Whenever you ask him for help, he will always be there without any hesitation. Mechanical Engineering English Dialogue Two Mr. King: How about the activities in your school? Lily: It blooms in every corner of campus. Associations of different varieties organized by students with the same interest develop various popular activities such as Foreign Languages Festival and Computer Science Festival. Mechanical Engineering English Mr. King: Do you like online games? Lily: No, I dont. I believe such addicting is a waste of time and energy. It does have negative effects on our study. Mr. King: How do you like your roommates? Lily: We get along very well. Leading a dormitory life teaches me how to take others feelings into consideration. I appreciate it very much. Mechanical Engineering English New words v. 部分,段,分割; vt. 分割 refinement rifainmnt n. 精致,高尚,精巧 apparatus .preits n. 装置,器具,器官 devise divaiz v. 设计 distinctly distiktli ad. 显然地,明显地,清楚地 empirical empirikl a. 经验主义的 constraint knstreint n. 约束, 强制,约束条件 invariably inverib()li ad. 不变化地,一定不 变地,常常地 Mechanical Engineering English interrelate .int(:)rileit v. 互相关连,相关 ecology i(:)kldi n. 生态学 reinstate ri:insteit v. 恢复; vt. 使恢复原有的职 位 assurance urns n. 保证,确信,保险 thrust rst n. 推力,刺,力推; v. 插入,推挤,刺 incorporate ink:preit a. 合并的,公司组织的,具 体化的; v. 合并,组成公司,具体表现 Mechanical Engineering English bugs bgz n. 故障，毛病 unforeseen nf:si:n a. 无法预料的 warrant wrnt n. 正当理由,根据,委任状；v. 保 证,辩解,担保 radical rdikl a.根本的,激进的,基本的,彻底的 ；n. 激进份子,原子团,激进派 flourish flri v. 繁荣,茂盛,活跃 eliminate ilimineit v. 除去,排除,剔除 supervisory .sju:pvaizri a. 管理的,监控的 ultimately ltimtli ad. 最后,最终 inhibit inhibit v. 禁止,抑制 cling to 抱住(抱定,固守,贴近) Mechanical Engineering English Text Mechanical Engineering Design Mechanical engineering design is a major segment of engineering, it deals with the conception, design, development, refinement, and application of machines and mechanical apparatus of all kinds. For many students, mechanical engineering design is one of their first professional engineering courses. Professional engineering is concerned with obtaining solutions to practical problems, and the engineers are able to devise better solutions to practical problems. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English The most problems in mechanical engineering design do not have a single right answer. Hence, modern mechanical engineers are able to produce distinctly better solutions to meet todays needs. The engineer must use the best available scientific understanding together with empirical information, good judgment. When considering a complete machine, the engineer invariably finds that the requirements and constraints of the various components are interrelated. The modern engineer has become increasingly concerned with the broader considerations of safety, ecology, and overall “quality of life.” 译文 Mechanical Engineering English Good designs require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea does not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expanded. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English New designs generally have “bugs” or unforeseen problems which must be worked out before the superior characteristics of the new design can be enjoyed. Thus there is a chance for a superior product, but only at higher risk. It should be emphasized that, if a design does not warrant radical new methods, such methods should not be applied merely for the sake of change. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English During the beginning stages of design, creativity should be allowed to flourish without a great number of constraints. Even though many impractical ideas may arise, it is usually easy to eliminate them in the early stages of design before firm details are required by manufacturing. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English In this way, innovative ideas are not inhibited. Quite often, more than one design is developed, up to the point where they can be compared against each other. It is entirely possible that the design which is ultimately accepted will use ideas existing in one of the rejected designs that did not show as much overall promise. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English Another important point which should be recognized is that a design engineer must be able to communicate ideas to other people if they are to be incorporated. Communicating the design to others is the final, vital step in the design process. Undoubtedly many great designs, inventions, and creative works have been lost to mankind simply because the originators were unable or unwilling to explain their accomplishments to others. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English Presentation is a selling job. The engineer, when presenting a new solution to administrative, management, or supervisory persons, is attempting to sell or to prove to them that this solution is a better one. Unless this can be done successfully, the time and effort spent on obtaining the solution have been largely wasted. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English Exercises I Answer the following questions according to the text. 1. What does mechanical engineering design deal with? It deals with the conception, design, development, refinement, and application of machines and mechanical apparatus of all kinds. Mechanical Engineering English 2. For many students, what is one of their first professional engineering courses? 3. What is professional engineering concerned with? Mechanical engineering design. Professional engineering is concerned with obtaining solutions to practical problems. Mechanical Engineering English 4. What does creating a completely new design generally require? 5. What problems do new designs generally have which must be worked out before the superior characteristics of the new design can be enjoyed? It generally requires that many old and well- established methods be thrust aside. “Bugs” or unforeseen problems. Mechanical Engineering English II After reading the text, please decide whether the statements are true or false. 1. For many students, English is one of their first professional engineering courses. 2. The most problems in mechanical engineering design have a single right answer. 3. Modern mechanical engineers are able to produce distinctly better solutions to meet todays needs. ( F ) ( F ) ( T ) Mechanical Engineering English 4. Good designs dont require trying new ideas. 5. During the beginning stages of design, creativity should be allowed to flourish without a great number of constraints. ( F ) ( T ) Mechanical Engineering English III Read the two passages and then try to put them into Chinese. Passage 1 The scientists and engineers in the USA have made a variety of gears, levers, rotor, and other mechanical parts the size of specks of dust. Such components may someday be assembled into tiny robots and various other kinds of microscopic machines designed to perform specific functions. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English The recent advances in the miniaturization of machine parts represent the beginnings of a new branch of engineering. But most currently available microdevices are sensors which react to changes in their environment, for example, by bending under pressure. With the coming of the microelectronics revolution in the computer industry in the 1970s, what had been fantasy suddenly seemed like a distinct possibility. Today, a growing number of researchers in the world are forging a new area of microscopic machines. Mechanical Engineering English Passage 2 This article elaborates the topic of developing Shenyang economy and undertaking historic tasks by college students from three aspects: 1) The overall goal to develop Shenyang old industrial base Endeavor to build harmonious Shenyang with four into one, i.e., new style industrial city, legal and good credit city, advanced cultural city and model environmental city. 译文 Mechanical Engineering English 2) Conditions and opportunities to develop old industrial Base Shenyang has possessed the physical base for the development of old industrial base, and established system base, work base and talent base, formed better external developmental environment. 3) Improve the core professional ability of college students for contribution to Shenyangs development Build up correct life philosophy and stable dreams. Participate in social activity and train core professional ability. Strengthen professional skills to be an excellent skillful talent. Mechanical Engineering English IV Fill in the blanks with the proper words given below, changing the form if necessary. Manufacturing is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. The term may refer 1 a range of human activity, 2 handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial 3 , in which raw 4 are transformed into5 goods on a large scale. include from material application to engineer understand system product finish 答案 to from production materials finished Mechanical Engineering English Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the 6 of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical7 . It requiresa solid 8 of key concepts 9 mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics and energy. Mechanical 10 use these principles and others in the design and analysis of motor vehicles, aircraft, heating & cooling systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, medical devices and more. 答案 application systems understanding including engineers Mechanical Engineering English The end Thank you!Thank you! Mechanical Engineering English Translation 对话1 问： 你一次可以从图书馆借阅多少本书啊？ 答： 通常，本科生最多可以是5本，研究生10 本。 问： 你们学校的英语角进行的怎样？ 答： 我们学校的英语角在每周四晚上举行。外 语教研室的老师们帮助做一些组织工作。在这 里，你可以参与任何你感兴趣的诸如英语学习 、音乐、电影、读书和旅行的话题。我们确实 从中获益匪浅。 Back Mechanical Engineering English Translation 问： 你有锻炼身体的习惯吗？ 答： 当然，我们学校有一项早操锻炼的规 定，通过锻炼可以使我们拥有健康的体魄。 如果你清晨在校园散步的话，相信你会看到 正在进行不同锻炼的同学们的。 问： 可以告诉我你对辅导员的看法吗？ 答： 他是一位非常敬业富有责任感的老师。 无论什么时候，他都会毫不犹豫地帮助你渡 过难关。 Back Mechanical Engineering English Translation 对话2 问： 你们学校学生活动开展的怎样？ 答： 可是说是处处开花。有着共同兴趣 的同学们组织成立学生社团，并组织丰富 多彩的活动。外语节和计算机文化节就是 其中的品牌活动。 Back Mechanical Engineering English Translation 问： 你喜欢网络游戏吗？ 答： 我不喜欢。因为我觉得沉迷于网游太 浪费我们的时间和精力，对我们的学业有负 面影响。 问： 你的室友如何？ 答： 我们处的相当融洽。宿舍生活教会我 如何去考虑他人的感受。我非常感激这一点 。 Back Mechanical Engineering English Translation 机械工程设计是工程实施中很重要的一 环，它涉及机械概念，机械设计，技术发 展，技术完善方案，以及各种机器和机械 设备的应用。对于多数的大学生来说，机 械工程设计是他们职业生涯的第一课。在 实际设计工作中，会遇到各种难题，机械 设计工程师要能设计出解决实际问题的最 佳方案。 Back Mechanical Engineering English Translation 机械设计的最大问题往往是无法找到唯一正 确的方案。因此，现代机械工程师要能清楚地 提出较完善的解决方案以适应现实的需要，并 具备对工程项目科学可行的理解力，加上实际 工作经验和准确的判断力。考虑到机械工程的 完整性，机械工程师总是能够发现不同的机械 元件之间的需求和约束是紧密相关的。现代机 械工程师正日益变得同我们全方位的生活质量 ，生态均衡，以及对安全的考虑等方面息息相 关。 Back Mechanical Engineering English 一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想 法，而且愿意承担一定的风险；当新的方 法不适用时，就恢复采用原来的方法。因 此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为所花费 的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个 全新的设计，要求摒弃许多陈旧的，为人 们所熟知的方法。由于许多人易于墨守成 规，这样做并不是一件容易的事情。 Back Mechanical Engineering English 一位设计工程师应该不断地探索改进现 有产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择 原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与其 经过验证的新观念结合起来。 Back Mechanical Engineering English 新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的 问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决 之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此 ，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴 随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设 计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必 要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新办法。 Back Mechanical Engineering English 在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员 充分发挥创造性，不受各种约束。即使产 生了许多不切合实际的想法，也会在设计 的早期，即绘制生产图纸之前被改正。 Back Mechanical Engineering English 只有这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。 通常要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较 。很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了 某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。 Back Mechanical Engineering English 另一个应该被认识到的重要问题是，设 计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交 流和沟通。与其他人就设计方案进行交流 和沟通是设计过程的最后和关键阶段。毫 无疑问，有许多伟大的设计、发明或创造 之所以没有为人类所利用，就是因为创造 者不善于或者不愿意向其他人介绍自己的 成果。 Back Mechanical E