英国概况(包括历史和文化.ppt

Chapter One: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Contents Unit One :Brief Introduction of the UK1 2 Unit Two: The Government, Politics and Economy 3 4 Unit Three: Education and Literature Unit Four: Culture and Social life Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts II. Geographical Features III. Climate and people IV. The History of Great Britain II. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 1. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2.The Definition of The UK., Great Britain and England. England, Scotland, Wales Northern Ireland. Great Britain Ireland hundreds of small ones. The UKGreat Britain 3.The British Isles: (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. Capital: Edinburgh. (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. the British Isles, Great Britain and England the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 加的夫 Cardiff 贝尔法斯特 Belfast North Sea North Atlantic Ocean English Channel Strait of Dover north and west: highlands east and southeast: lowlands III. Geographical Features Tower bridge OriginKemble Mouth North Sea Thames River maritime climate plenty of rainfall prevailing south-west winds and west wind North Atlantic Drift (北大西洋暖流) Humidity 2. The prevailing south-west winds bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate; 3. The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them. 3. What are the three natural zones in Scotland？ There is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east. The three natural zones in Scotland are: the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands, and the south Uplands 4. What is the main problem in Northern Ireland？ Hundreds of years ago Scots and English Protestants were sent to live in Northern Ireland. Since then there has been fighting between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics. The former are the dominant group, while the latter are seeking more social, political and economic opportunities. The British Government and the government of Ireland are now working together to bring peace to Northern Ireland. I. The Celtic people from Europe (100AD) II. Roman Invasion (55BC-410AD) III. The Anglo-Saxons From Germany (446-871) IVViking and Danish invasions VThe Norman Conquest (1066) VI. British Empire. (1400-1946) VI. The History of Great Britain Unite II The Politics of Great Britain National Flag of the United Kingdom 英格兰，苏格兰和爱尔兰旗帜 National Emblem national anthem ： “god save the queen”（ 如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为“god save the king”） National flower：Rose National bird：红胸鸽 (redbreast/robin) redbreast The Monarchy I. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a king or a queen. . II. The monarch actually has no real power. The monarchs power are limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688. Buckingham palace 宫前维多利亚像Victoria Memorial 高 帽 卫 兵 The main functions : (1) to pass laws; (2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of government; (3) to examine government Policy and administrations, including proposal for expenditure; (4) to debate the major issues of the day. The English Parliament The British Parliament House of Lords House of Commons Parties 1. Britain has a number of parties, but there are only two major parties. These two parties are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. 2. The Prime Minister presides over the Cabinet, is responsible for the allocation of functions among ministers and informs the Queen at regular meetings of general business of the Government. The Current UK Economy National economies can be divided into three main areas: Primary industries: agriculture, fishing, and mining. Secondary industries: manufacture complex goods from primary products Tertiary industries: banking, insurance, tourism and selling of goods (often described as services ). Energy production is an important part of the UK economy, accounting for 5% of The national wealth. Great Britain has abundant supplies of coal, oil, and natural gas. The country is self-sufficient in petroleum. Agricultural sector: Britains agricultural sector is small (producing 1.4% of the national wealth) but efficient, Producing 58% of the UKs food needs with only 2% of its workforce. The best agricultural land is in the south-east of England. 1.Ford, GM, Peugeot, Nissan, Toyota: 福特（美国）， 通用（General Motors美国）， 标致（法国），尼桑 （日本），丰田（日本） 2。英国最后议价独立的（指英国独资的）大汽车公司 Rover（罗孚）公司， 最近被德国的BMW（宝马）公 司买下了. Secondary sector: In the secondary sector of the economy, manufacturing industry remains important, producing 22% of national wealth. Britain has a big electronics industry (the fourth largest in the world) but like the car industry (which includes Ford, GM, Peugeot, Nissan, Toyota) this is in many cases foreign-owned. Britains last major independent car company, Rover, was recently bought by the German company BMW. 英国老牌车厂罗孚为庆 祝ROVER创厂以来的第 一个一百年，原厂特地 赶造了一批纪念款概念 车型ROVER 75 Coupe Concept，将要限量发行 以纪念此百年华诞！ 上汽支付宝马2170万美元 取得Rover商标权 劳斯莱斯汽车 (RollsRoyce) 劳斯莱斯成为英国王室专用车已有数十年历史，爱德华八世、女王 伊丽莎白二世、玛格丽特公主、肯特公爵等众多英王室成员的座驾都 是劳斯莱斯。 Tertiary industries: banking, insurance, tourism and selling of goods (often described as services) 70% of the UKs workforce are employed in the service sector. London is one of the top three financial centers in the world the London Stock Exchange Currency of Britain: English pound (英镑) 辅市单位原为先令(Shilling) 和便士（Penny），1=20先令，1先令=12便士 自1971年2月15日起，辅币单位改为新便士（New Penny），1=100新便士 正面反面 1便士 正 面 图案：英国女皇伊丽 莎白二世半身像 反 面 图 案：莎士比亚塑像 The Literature of Great Britain 英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程 中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文 学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁撒克逊、文艺 复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段 。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪1485） 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期17世纪初） 三、17世纪文学 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期18世纪中期） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（17981832） 六、现实主义时期文学（19世纪30年代-1918） 七、现代主义文学时期（1918-1945） 八、当代文学（1945 ） Beowulf： 贝奥武夫 It is one of the oldest “Old English” literary works in British literature. Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343-1400) 乔叟： one of the greatest English poets “The Canterbury Tales“ 坎特伯雷故事集 内容提要： 4月的一天，一群香客去坎特伯 雷朝圣，投宿在泰巴旅店。次日， 店主、香客与在此住宿的作者一起 出发。店主提议在去坎特伯雷的路 上每人讲两个故事，回来时再讲两 个，被大家公认为最佳的讲故事者 可以在回来时白吃一顿丰盛的晚餐 。 William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Four Tragedies : Four Comedies : 哈姆莱特(Hamlet), 奥赛罗(Othello), 李尔王(King Lear), 麦克白(Macbeth,) 威尼斯商人(The Merchant of Venice) ， 第十二夜 (Twelfth Night）， 仲夏夜之梦(A Midsummer Nights Dream ) 无事生非(As You Like It)又叫. To be or not to be -That is a question;1 Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them. 简奥斯丁（1775年12月6日1817 年7月18日），（Austen，Jane） Main works: Charles Dickens， English novlist（1812- 1870） Main works: I. the purpose of the British education system “the three Rs”( reading, riting and rithmetic) Education II. the relationship between education and social class - class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy -the school tie is a clear marker of social class the famous boys public school (私立中学 )：Eton (伊顿公学，位于伦敦以西) and Winchester （温切斯特公学，位于英格 兰南部） the universities: Oxford and Cambridge (nicknamed: Oxbridge) 1. pre-primary schooling (up to age 5) - nursery schools (托儿所)，day care(托儿所的日托), or play groups 2. primary schooling (5-11, 6 years) -mainly state sector, co-educational / mixed primary schools III. the present education system - comprehensive schools 3. secondary schooling (11- around19, 7 years) - grammar schools Then after graduated they can 1）quit school; 2）or prepare to sit university entrance exams; 3）or concentrate on vocational training -GNVQs (General National Vocational Qualifications 国家专业资格证书): the vocational equivalent of A-levels 4. higher education -only one privately funded university: the University of Buckingham -oldest universities: Oxford (12th C.) and Cambridge (13th C.) * the first degree (the Bachelors degree) courses are mainly full time and last 3 years, except in Scotland where they take 4 years 英国学位可分为学士学位(Bachelor Degree)、硕士学位(Master Degree) 和 博士学位(Doctor of Philosophy)。学士 学位或称第一学位，攻读学士学位课 程的学生，通常需要三年时间。 * in Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years (generally 4 years) later, upon payment of a fee www.themegallery.