高三英语宾语补足语的用法(1).ppt

宾语补足语宾语补足语 的用法 的用法 英语的五个基本结构英语的五个基本结构 S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构 S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结构 S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 S S 十十 V V 十十 O1 O1 十十 O2 O2 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构 S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构 说明：说明： S S主语；主语；V V谓语；谓语；P P表语；表语； OO宾语；宾语；O1O1间接宾语；间接宾语；O2O2直接宾语；直接宾语； C C宾语补足语宾语补足语 1 1S S 十十 V V 句式句式 He runs quicklyHe runs quickly他跑得快。他跑得快。 2 2S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 句式：句式： The story sounds interestingThe story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。 3 3S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 句式句式 They built a house last yearThey built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。 4 4S S 十十 V V 十十 O1 O1 十十 O2 O2 句式句式 He offered me his seat / his seat to meHe offered me his seat / his seat to me他把座位让给我。他把座位让给我。 5 5S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 句式句式 They found her They found her happyhappy that day that day他们发现那天她很高兴。他们发现那天她很高兴。 I found himI found him out out我发现他出去了。我发现他出去了。 They named the boy They named the boy CharlieCharlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 I saw him I saw him come in and go outcome in and go out我见他进来又出去。我见他进来又出去。 They felt the car They felt the car moving fastmoving fast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 He found the door of study He found the door of study closed to himclosed to him他发现研究所的大他发现研究所的大 门对他关闭了。门对他关闭了。 一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有： 1 1、名词：、名词： We made him our monitor. We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny. They named their daughter Jenny. 注注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有： call, call, name, name, elect, elect, make, make, think, think, appoint, appoint, choose, choose, find, find, consider, consider, keep, wish, feelkeep, wish, feel等。等。 注注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职 位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：位时，前面一般不用冠词，如： They elected John chairman of the committee.They elected John chairman of the committee. 2 2、形容词：形容词： You should keep your room clean and tidy. You should keep your room clean and tidy. Wed better leave the door open. Wed better leave the door open. 注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有： believe, believe, think, think, get, get, keep, keep, make, make, find, find, set, set, like, like, wish, wish, see, see, consider, consider, prove, have, leave, prove, have, leave, 以及以及paint, drive, turn, cut paint, drive, turn, cut 等。等。 3 3、现在分词：、现在分词： Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in. At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in. 一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有： 5 5、过去分词：过去分词： He watched the TV set carried out of the room. He watched the TV set carried out of the room. Last year they had their house rebuilt. Last year they had their house rebuilt. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 6 6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如： When do you want it back? When do you want it back? Why didnt you invite them in? Why didnt you invite them in? We could hear the children at play outside. We could hear the children at play outside. 4 4、动词不定式：动词不定式： Nobody could make him change his mind. Nobody could make him change his mind. Would you like me to come along with you? Would you like me to come along with you? He believed the earth to be a globe. He believed the earth to be a globe. 一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有： 二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系： 1 1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和 宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足 语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状 态、身份或属类等。试比较：态、身份或属类等。试比较： We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.)We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.) You You should should keep keep your your room room clean clean and and tidy. tidy. (Your (Your room room is is clean clean and tidy.)and tidy.) We We could could hear hear the the children children at at play play outside. outside. (The (The children children are are at at play outside.)play outside.) 二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系： 3 3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系， 即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如： I once heard this song sung in Japanese. I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (This song was once sung in Japanese.) (This song was once sung in Japanese.) I didnt want the children taken out in such weather. I didnt want the children taken out in such weather. (The children were taken out in such weather.) (The children were taken out in such weather.) 三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现 在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动 词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语： 1 1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, catch, keep, keep, mind, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excuse prevent, stop, smell, excuse 等。例如：等。例如： She caught her son smoking a cigarette. She caught her son smoking a cigarette. His words started me thinking. His words started me thinking. 2 2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, wish, desire, desire, expect, expect, love, love, prefer, prefer, trust, trust, encourage, encourage, let, let, allow, allow, permit, permit, mean, mean, lead, lead, bring, bring, put, put, hurry, hurry, cause, cause, remind, remind, ask, ask, invite, invite, beg, beg, request, request, worry, worry, advise, advise, persuade, persuade, call call on, on, tell, tell, order, order, command, command, require, require, make, make, force, force, drive, drive, forbid, forbid, warn, warn, help, help, teach, teach, show, show, assist, assist, report, report, bear, bear, wait wait for for / / think, think, take, take, know, know, judge, judge, consider, consider, suppose, suppose, believe, believe, allow, allow, prove, prove, declaredeclare等等 。 3 3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, see, watch, watch, notice, notice, look look at, at, observe, observe, listen listen to, to, hear, hear, feel, feel, have, have, imagine, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leavediscover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。等。 四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 toto 的取舍问题：的取舍问题： 1 1、在、在hear, hear, listen listen to, to, let, let, have, have, make, make, see, see, watch, watch, notice, notice, observe observe 等动等动 词后的不定式需省去词后的不定式需省去 to to 。 2 2、feel feel 一词，跟一词，跟 to be to be 型不定式带型不定式带 toto；跟跟 to do to do 型不定式不带型不定式不带 toto。 3 3、help help 一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带 toto，也可以不带也可以不带 toto。 （请参见请参见“ “动词不定式动词不定式” ”一节）一节） 五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可 以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或thatthat从句来充当从句来充当 。这时，应使用先行。这时，应使用先行it it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句 子的后部，如：子的后部，如： I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. Do you consider it any good trying again? Do you consider it any good trying again? We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us. We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us. 注意：注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用 于这种结构的动词有：于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。等。 Practice 单句改错 1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand. 2. We all elected Jason the monitor. 3. The teacher asked us not make so much noise. 4. - What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! - During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable. understood to warm 5. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth. 6. He pushed the door opening. 7. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 8. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 9. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door. 10. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished. running open puttingto hidden with 1. Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended 3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 4. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 单项选择 5. I found the door _ when I got home. A. opened B. clo