级阅读长句分析1of5frankl.ppt

四级阅读长句分析 Frankle Lee New Passage If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants wont bother to assist, taxidrivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration. What is the possible meaning of the word “ deterioration “ in the paragraph? A) worsening of general situation B) lowering of moral standards C) declining of physical constitution D) spreading of evil conduct 详细解答： 解题思路选B。本段一开始，作者谈到:不仅交通状况，而且人际关系都有待改善 ，其中出现了 “ improve, smooth, polite “ 等词。随后，作者又列举售货员、出租汽车司机及汽车 售票员对顾客或乘客的不礼貌行为，并在最后一句话中用 “ such deterioration “ 来指代及概括上述 不良表现，意在批评那些人道德水准下降，故B为正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招词形较长，拼写较为复杂，正式程度较高的单词常考。结合全段主题判断 。A和C在某种程度上反映了deferioration,但在本文讨论道德的问题中，显然不合适，所以B 因与道德有关，而入选。 New Passage The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were both breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on. In Line 6, what does the author mean by “ people went on working and praying, marrying and playing “ ? A) More people got married than divorced. B) The war created new jobs. C) Life went on as usual. D) People had more than enough leisure time. 详细解答： 解题思路选C。文中说人们没受战争的影响，照样working，praying, marrying和 playing.这说明他们的生活正常，故C是正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招反映主旨的细节部分常考，内容对比处常考。符合主题的选项，符合逻辑 的选项是答案项。 New Passage Deaccessingor selling offworks of art has taken of new importance because of the museums space problems. And increasingly, curators have been forced to juggle gallery space, rotating one masterpiece into public view while another is sent to storage. It can be inferred from the passage that the Philadelphia Museum of Art only shows _. A) its largest paintings B) a portion of its paintings C) paintings by American artists D) paintings it wants to sell 详细解答： 解题思路选B。这一问题的答案应从文中最后一句中找。由于博物馆缺少空间，馆 长被迫充分利用画廊空间，rotating one masterpiece into public view while another is sent to storage（ 一幅代表作展出，而另一幅代表作则被存放起来）。也就是说，此博物馆只能展出a portion of its paintings，所以B是正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招段落结尾处易考:复杂句处内容易考。细读结尾句，分析复杂句层次及含义 ；寻找关键词，最后一句中的storage给人启示，意思是有一些画给存放起来了，那么自然可以推 断出展出的作品并非全部，而只是一部分。 New Passage The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were both breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on. Americas War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer the United States based itself squarely on republican principles. Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notable Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A) The United States: An Isolated Community. B) Breathtaking Events During the American Revolution C) Canadian and the American War of Independence D) The American Revolution: Evolution Not Revolution 详细解答： 解题思路选D。这是综合全文内容的问题。在第一段的末尾，作者提到了美国独立前一些闭塞的 社区没受战争的影响，所以把A作为本文的标题是错误的。答案B与第一段所叙述的事实相反，更不能作为 本文的标题。文中也没有提到加拿大独立战争的事，故排除C。只有D说出了作者的主要观点。第一段中作 者就说 “ 美国革命 “ 不是真正的 “ 革命 “ 而是 “ 变革 “ 。第二、第三段分别从独立和政治两方面阐述了这一观 点。故D是正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招文章首段一般含有中心思想，易考。细读文章首句。 New Passage The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were both breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on. Americas War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer the United States based itself squarely on republican principles. Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notable Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A) The United States: An Isolated Community. B) Breathtaking Events During the American Revolution C) Canadian and the American War of Independence D) The American Revolution: Evolution Not Revolution 详细解答： 解题思路选D。这是综合全文内容的问题。在第一段的末尾，作者提到了美国独立前一些闭塞的 社区没受战争的影响，所以把A作为本文的标题是错误的。答案B与第一段所叙述的事实相反，更不能作为 本文的标题。文中也没有提到加拿大独立战争的事，故排除C。只有D说出了作者的主要观点。第一段中作 者就说 “ 美国革命 “ 不是真正的 “ 革命 “ 而是 “ 变革 “ 。第二、第三段分别从独立和政治两方面阐述了这一观 点。故D是正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招文章首段一般含有中心思想，易考。细读文章首句。 New Passage The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were both breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on. In the first paragraph, what does the author suggest about the French and Russian Revolution? A) They were explosive and abrupt. B) They were ineffective. C) They involved only those people living in urban areas. D) They led to the release of all political prisoners. 详细解答： 解题思路选A。本段第二句提到法国和俄国革命。作者说美国革命不是突变性的彻 底的政治和社会革命，而法国和俄国革命则是。这里的such代替的是a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework.而A中的explosive与violent同义，abrupt（突然的 ）和sudden是近义词，所以A为正确答案。本文没有提到法国和俄国的关于C以及D的情况， 所以排除之。原文开头两句说到一种用暴力推翻旧政权的、引起根本变革的革命，也就是法国和 俄国的那种革命。这种革命决不是ineffective（无效的）。所以不能选B为答案。 命题规律与应试高招段落中心思想，反映作者观点和态度，易考。理解代词指代关系，也可作 出正确判断。 New Passage News of Drakes success brought oil propectors to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for “ black gold “ all over western pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmophere. And it brought far more wealth to the propectors than any gold rush. Why does the author mention the California gold rush? A) To explain the need for an increased supply of gold. B) To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth. C) To describe the mood when oil was first discovered. D) To argue that gold was more valuable than oil. 详细解答： 解题思路选C。这里第二句话将寻得石油的激动 (excitement)与1848年淘金热类比 ，并与西部荒野的气候进行对比，烘托了找石油的这种迫切心情。所以作者提及淘金热是为了To describe the mood when oil was first discovered。故：C是正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招语义对比处易考。在描叙性文体中，对表示观点态度的词要敏感，上述 excitement便为解题的依据。 New Passage It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “ obey “ spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questioning by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the babys intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能发出的全部声音).This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. The best title for the passage would be_. A) How Babies Learn to Speak B) Early Forms of Language C) A Huge Task for Children D) Noise Making and Language Learning 详细解答： 解题思路选A。全文开篇暗示全文脉络走向，本文第一句说明，小孩学说话是艰巨任务，暗示下 面各段将围绕这个话题进行。四个选项中B项显然范由夺大；C项不符合题意；而D项只能是说明了婴儿早 期语文形式的一个方面，范围太窄，所以B、C、D三项均不符合题意。 命题规律与应试高招综合全文，归纳全文中心。文章的标题应概括文中所阐述的内容，范围不能太窄，也不 能过宽。 New Passage Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteorites （流星） that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and dont threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision couse with Earth. Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, well have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldnt be cheap. Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is；and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500, 000 years. Sounds pretty rare, but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “ If we dont take care of these big asteroids, theyll take care of us, “ says one scientist. “ Its that simple. “ The cure, though, might be worse than disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “ The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them, “ said a New York Times article. We can conclude from the passage that _. A) while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world B) asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future C) the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime D) workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth 详细解答： 解题思路选D。该文首先在一、二段陈述了小行星有与地球相撞的可能；而后在第三、四段提出 了解决办法使用核武器；但在五、六段中，作者对这种惟一解决问题的手段持否定态度。因此，可以推论还 需进一步寻找可行的解决手段，以防小行星与地球相撞。而选项D的内容合乎逻辑。 命题规律与应试高招围绕全文，正确理解全文脉胳。遇到就全文作推断的题，要边读边总结每段的主题，最 后把零散的主题句串起来，便可把握文章脉络。就选项而言，表述的意思合理的适合作答案项。 New Passage Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats. It is said that the Englishman objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the in habitants of most coutries of the world today. English people are mentioned to illustrate that_. A) English people, like most people in other countries, dislike living in flats B) people in most countries of the world today are not opposed to living in flats C) people in Britain are forced to move into high blocks of flats D) modern flats still fail to provide the necessary facilities for living 详细解答： 解题思路选B。文章第二句话是解题关键，其含义为： “ 为解决住房问题，英国人 面临着是否要建高层公寓，而英国人却反对这种居住方式，这与世界上许多国家居民不同。 “ B 项 “ 现在世界上大多数国家的人民不再反对居住公寓了 “ 与原文意思贴近。 命题规律与应试高招复杂句处常考。表转折的词后，如 “ but “ 之后有题解。 New Passage Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good- tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviour. By “ good sense “ , the writer means _. A) the drivers ability to understand and react reasonably B) the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditions C) the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage regulations D) the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations 详细解答： 解题思路选A。本文中第二句的It即指 “ good sense “ ，而且在It句中，对good sense 进行了阐释，说明。文中第2句实际上是对 “ good sense “ 的进一步解释， “ cool-headed “ （冷静 的）和 “ good-tempered “ （和气），以及 “ resist revenge “ (不报复人)，都紧扣选项A中的 “ understand and react reasonably “ ，故A为正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招与指示代词有关的上下文有考点。注意指示代词所指对象，看它是否为该 词下属的例子或定义服务。这里果真通过it句，作者以drivers各种行为举例说明了good sense。 New Passage Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Romes main avenues. Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200, 000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome. The expression “ snake through central Rome “ probably means “ to move _. “ A) quietly through central Rome B) violently through central Rome C) in a long winding line through central Rome D) at a leisurely pace through central Rome 详细解答： 解题思路选C。文中说：由20万名妇女组成的游行队伍跟在拖拉机后边，花了 三个多小时才通过罗马市中心。关键是要抓住 “ more than three hours “ ，花这么长时间，那么行 进方式一定有什么奇特的地方，否则作者不会强调时间的长短。另外, “ snake “ 的原意是 “ 蛇 “ ， 两条线索结合起来不难判断出C “ in a long winding line through central Rome “ （像蛇那样蜿蜒前 进）为正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招在具体语境中多义的常见词易考。比如该题中snake的用法。看被考词与主 题的关系。 New Passage News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for “ black gold “ all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the Galifornia gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. According to the passage, what is “ black gold “ ? A) Whale oil. B) Gold ore. C) Stolen money. D) Crude oil. 详细解答： 解题思路选D。在本段作者说，E. L. Drake给勘探者带来了 “ 石油 “ 的希望，所以 勘探钻井找的是 “ 原油 “ （crude oil）。就是说 “ 黑金 “ 不是鲸油，也不是金矿，更不是偷来的钱 ，故D是正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招有特殊标点符号的内容处常设考题。符合常识、一般性知识的选项可能是 答案项。 New Passage Thin concave lenses had been used for more than a century, but thick concave lenses were now sold to people caught up with painting or visual illusions of perspective, who used them as “ perspective glasses. “ Once the new lens became available, it suddenly became possible to see a rather interesting effect by combining two lenses. We now know that there are many different things that can be done with a pair of lenses. Both the Keplerian telescope and the microscope use combinations of perfectly focused convex lenses. The Galilean type of telescope began with the idea that as soon as you hold a powerful concave lens to the eye and a simple weak convex lens at arms length, the clock in the church tower jumps out at you. Many artisans from around the world enjoyed that illusion in the early 1600s But it was two grinders from Middleburg in the Low Countries who first decided to market the telescope as a military invention, a device for spying on enemy armies. In fact, the telescopes narrow field of vision made it an unlikely spying device but the two lens grinders thought they could sell it anyway. When the telescope was used militarily centuries later, it was used, not for spying, but for signaling. The passage indicates that convex lenses in combination were used in _. A) the Keplerian telescope and the microscope B) microscopes and perspective glasses C) perspective glasses and signaling D) the military telescope and the Keplerian telescope 详细解答： 解题思路选A。本段的第四句说Both the Keplerian telescope and the microscope use combinations of perfectly focused convex lenses.也就是说重叠凸透镜用于凯普勒望远镜和显微镜， 所以A是正确答案。 命题规律与应试高招题干及选项的关键词定位原文。对科普文