主语从句讲解及其练习.doc

主语从句一、主语从句的连词分三类（1）从属连词引导的主语从句 （that whether if）that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。 That 引导主语从句通常用it 作形式主语。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely. whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。 注意：引导主语从句，不能用if开头，只能用whether。1.Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 2.Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.（2） 用连接代词引导的主语从句 在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice. Whatever we do is to serve the people. 要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）（3）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem. 三、it 作形式主语的主语从句有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分四种情况：(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it替代主语从句： It is +名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是；It is good news that 是好消息；It is a question that 是个问题；It is common knowledge that 是常识类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder（难怪）； surprise等。It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. It is +形容词+从句It is necessary that 有必要；It is clear that 很清楚；It is likely that 很可能；It is important that 重要的是类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; unusual; certain; evident（明显的）; worth-while（值得的）; surprising; interesting; astonishing（令人惊讶的）, etc.2.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.3.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.4.It is necessary that you （should） master the computer. 需要注意的是这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。 It is +过去分词+从句It is said that 据说；It is reported that 据报道；It has been proved that 已证明；It must be proved that 必须指出类似的过去分词还有：known; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如：It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. It seems/happened（碰巧） / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference （关系不大）/ that 主语从句不可提前It never occurred to me that.我从来没想到. It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday. (2) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。有时也可将助用形式主语。如：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。四、连词that的省略问题引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略：That you didnt go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)It was a pity (that) you didnt go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)5、 高考题：1、It never occurred to me_you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(陕西高考)Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif2 Its obvious to the students_they should get well prepared for their future.(天津卷)Aas Bthat Cwhich Dwhether3、_some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus(好处，优点) by many others.(2010北京)AWhetherBWhat CThat DHow4、It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about（引起)，although about two thousand patients have taken it.(2010浙江)Athat Bhow Cwhat Dwhether主语从句练习题1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 5. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15._he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17. ._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18._makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. W