小学生英语语法讲义be动词、助动词及四种基本句式.doc

语法专题（一）be动词、助动词与四种基本句式本章所有语法知识仅限于小学范围！姓名_ be动词 与 助动词四种基本句式判断句陈述句否定句疑问句提纲（一）be动词与助动词（1）be动词：表示“是”的意思。 am is are第一人称：I amIm第二人称：you are youre第三人称：she/he is shes/hes is not= isnt they aretheyre注意：第二人称you后面始终跟are，其单复数（“你”还是“你们”要根据后面的名词判断）You are a student.You are students.（2）助动词。定义：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词 。助动词自身没有词义。do does woulddo not= dontdoes not= doesntwould not=wouldnt如：Do you like it? Does he like it?I do not like it. = I dont like it. He does not like it. =He doesnt like it.What would you like for lunch? I would like chicken for lunch.=Id like chicken for lunch.问：老师说助动词是其它动词的小助手，自己没有词义，那么 I do homework.里面“do”不是“做”的意思吗？答：I do homework.里面的“do”的确是“做”的意思在这里，它不是助动词，而是“实义动词”，就是有实际意义的动词。请判断下面动词是助动词还是实义动词。I have potatoes for lunch.I do homework on Sunday.He doesnt like fish.What do you do on Friday?（二）四种基本句式（1）判断句：什么是什么，什么怎么样。I am a girl. 我是一个女生。He is smart. 他很聪明。Its tasty! 它可好吃了！（2）陈述句：谁干什么，谁有什么。I read a book. 我在看书。He goes to school. 他去上学。A dog eats bread.有只狗在吃面包。I have 6 teachers. 我有6个老师。（3）否定句：含有“not”的句子，表示“不”，“没”。He is not a teacher. 他不是老师。She isnt tall. 她不高。I dont know. 我不知道。Mike doesnt like math.迈克不喜欢数学。Lucy does not have lunch.露西没吃中饭。（4）疑问句：“吗？”，“呢？”一般疑问句：把be动词或者助动词（do/does）提前。Am I a good teacher? 我是一个好老师吗？Is he funny? 他幽默吗？Do you like music? 你喜欢音乐吗？Does she have a ruler? 她有尺子吗？特殊疑问句：含有疑问词的问句。疑问词：What When Why Who Where How (疑问词开头，助动词提前)What：什么 What do you have on Monday？When：什么时候 When do you have computer class？Why：为什么 Why do you like ice-cream？Who:谁 Whos your mother?Where: 哪里 Where do you go？How：怎样 How is your Chinese teacher？否定句（5）句式转换判断句陈述句否定句疑问句疑问句判断句变否定句：Helen is a beautiful girl.Helen is not a beautiful girl.Jim is thin.Jim isnt thin.判断句变疑问句：Helen is a beautiful girl.Is Helen a beautiful girl?Jim is thin.Is Jim thin?陈述句变否定句：I like apples.I dont like apples.He plays computer game.He doesnt play computer game.陈述句变一般疑问句：I like apples.Do you like apples?He plays computer game.Does he play computer game?陈述句变特殊疑问句：a, He has art on Wednesday.What do you have on Wednesday？When does he have art？b. Jim is my good friend.Who is your good friend？c. I like bananas. They are tasty！Why do you like bananas？d, He goes to school. Where d