立式铣床换刀机构设计说明书[带图纸].doc

编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）题目：立式铣床换刀机构设计——换刀机构设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号：学生姓名：指导教师：（职称：高工）（职称：）2013年5月25日无锡太湖学院本科毕业设计（论文）诚信承诺书本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计（论文）立式铣床换刀机构设计——换刀机构设计是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果，其内容除了在毕业设计（论文）中特别加以标注引用，表示致谢的内容外，本毕业设计（论文）不包含任何其他个人、集体已发表或撰写的成果作品。班级：机械91学号：0923031作者姓名：2013年5月25日II摘要本论文介绍的是XKA5032A/C数控立式升降台铣床自动换刀机构的设计。自动换刀机构一方面可以减轻工人劳动强度，另一方面可以提高加工效率。刀库式的自动换刀机构是由刀库和刀具交换装置（换刀机械手）组成。换刀时，先在刀库中进行选刀，由机械手从刀库和主轴上取出刀具，然后交换位置，把新刀插入主轴，旧刀放回刀库。存放刀具的刀库具有较大的容量，其容量为六把刀具,采用盘形结构,安装在机床的左侧立柱上。数控机床的自动换刀装置中，实现刀库与机床主轴之间传递和装卸刀具的装置称为刀具交换装置。两手互相垂直的回转式单臂双手机械手的优点是换刀动作可靠，换刀时间短，缺点是刀柄精度要求高，结构复杂，联机调整的相关精度要求高，机械手离加工区较近。一般来说，这种机械手与刀库刀座轴线与机床主轴轴线垂直，刀库为径向存取刀具形式的自动换刀机构，因此，在XKA5032A/C数控立式升降铣床的自动换刀机构中可采用这种机械手形式。关键词：数控铣床；自动换刀装置；刀库；换刀机械手IIIAbstractThispapergivesthedesignoftheequipmentofauto-exchangetoolofXKA5032A/Cverticalkneeandcolumntypemillingmachine(toolmagazinetype).Automatictoolchangemechanismcanreducethelaborintensityofworkers,ontheotherhand,itcanimprovethemachiningefficiency.Theauto-exchangeequipmentoftoolmagazineiscomposedofthetoolmagazineandthedeviceoftoolexchange.Atfirst,thetoolthatfetchedfromthetoolmagazineshouldbeproperposedintothespindleofthemachine,andthetoolfetchedfromthespindleshouldbeputpacktothetoolmagazine.Thetoolmagazinethathaslargecapacitywherehas6toolsandadoptplatestructureismountedintheleftcolumnofthemachine.AutomatictoolchangerofNCmachine,realizethedevicebetweentheknifeandmachinetoolspindletransmissionandhandlingtoolcalledthetoolswitchingdevice.Theadvantageoftwoperpendiculararmsoftherotaryauto-exchangedeviceisthereliabilityandpromptoftheexchangeaction.Thedisadvantageoftheequipmentofauto-exchangetoolisthehigheraccuracyofthespindleandthecompoundstructureofthetoolmagazine.Theregulationofthemachinebecomecomplexbecauseofthetoolexchangenearthezeroofthemachining.Generallyspeaking,theaxisofthetoolmagazineisperpendicularwiththeaxisofthemachinespindle.Thetypeofthetoolexchangeisradial.So,theequipmentofauto-exchangetoolofXKA5032A/Cverticalkneeandcolumntypemillingmachineadoptthistypeofthemachinearm.Keyword:NCmillingmachine,theequipmentofauto-exchangetool,toolmagazine,mechanicalarmoftoolexchangeV目录摘要............................................................................................................................................IIABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................III目录............................................................................................................................................V1绪论.............................................................................................................................................11.1数控机床发展历史及趋势...................................................................................................11.2数控铣床的分类及组成.......................................................................................................11.2.1数控立式铣床................................................................................................................11.2.2卧式数控铣床................................................................................................................21.2.3立卧式两用数控铣床....................................................................................................21.2.4数控铣床的组成............................................................................................................31.3数控铣床的选用...................................................................................................................31.4数控铣床的主要功能及加工范围....................................................................................41.4.1数控铣床的主要功能...................................................................................................41.4.2数控铣床的加工范围....................................................................................................42数控铣床自动换刀装置总体要求............................................................................................62.1数控铣床自动换刀装置产生背景及换刀方法...................................................................62.2数控铣床自动换刀装置的总体要求...................................................................................82.2.1自动换刀装置的分类....................................................................................................82.2.2对自动换刀装置的要求................................................................................................83自动换刀装置总体设计.............................................................................................................93.1自动换刀装置设计数据.......................................................................................................93.2XK5032数控铣床主要技术参数.........................................................................................93.2.1结构参数........................................................................................................................93.2.2主要规格及技术参数..................................................................................................103.3确定数控铣床加工工况.....................................................................................................113.4确定自动换刀装置的方式.................................................................................................114自动换刀控制原理...................................................................................................................134.1自动换刀机构液压系统的设计.........................................................................................134.1.1液压的特点................................................................................................................134.1.2自动换刀机构液压系统原理图..................................................................................134.2自动换刀装置换刀动作的顺序控制过程.........................................................................145刀库结构设计...........................................................................................................................155.1刀库类型.............................................................................................................................155.2刀具识别.............................................................................................................................155.3刀库容量的设计.................................................................................................................165.4刀库结构的设计.................................................................................................................165.4.1传动装置的选择..........................................................................................................17