中考阅读理解的解题技巧宿豫区王艳.ppt

中考阅读理解的解题技巧 宿豫区王艳,阅读理解是中考英语试卷中的重头戏，主要是考察学生综合运用语言知识的能力，如：阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力。 中考阅读理解的选材广泛，涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等；考查内容广泛灵活，既包含词汇、句法结构、日常交际用语，也包括对某些语言点的理解以及对欧美文化的了解等等。,阅读理解题的出题形式常见的有以下几种： 1根据短文内容，判断正、误； 2根据短文内容，选择最佳答案 3根据短文内容，回答问题； 4根据短文内容，填写表格； 5根据短文内容，在改写后的短文中填词。,阅读理解题还多以选择题的形式为主。设题内容分下面几种类型： 1. 浅层理解理类 这类题拟题手段单一，难度较小，但它在近年中考试题中所占比例却很大。 一种是直接信息题，即：让考生通过阅读短文，从材料中直接获得问题的答案。如：事件发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、过程、结局、人物之间的关系、事件之间的关系、词和句的含义等。常常针对文章中某个容易误解的关键词句或概念，通过一些伪装手段组成是非辨别选择题。 另一种是通过同义转换的方式来考查学生对阅读材料中一些关键性词句的理解，试题属于用词汇替换或句型转换手段对短文原句释义，,2逻辑推理判断类 此类题要求考生在整体把握全文提供的各项信息的基础上，进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的意向；人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；语言中的语态、语气等。这就要求我们要通读全文、理解文章的内容，抓住文章的关键字句， 再对文章内容进行深层次的挖掘。,3归纳概括类 此类题要求考生能理解全文，并能概括文章的大意，中心思想，或归纳标题。命题方式常为：“Find out the main point/main idea/best title.”等。这些考点大都暗含在文章中。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，尤其是新闻报道类的，第一段常是故事的梗概，表达文章的中心。每段开头的第一句往往是该段的主题句，用来概括该段的中心。但不少文章或段落中，中心思想贯穿在全文中，这需要我们必须具备一定的归纳和概括能力，才能选对答案。,4分析判断类 这类题要求考生在充分理解短文内容的基础上，对文章的结构特点进行分析，掌握全篇的逻辑关系。此类题目难度较高。做这类题目时首先要抓住文章的主题；其次要分析作者运用什么样的情节、故事来表达主题，另外还应注意作者如何展开故事以及运用什么写作方法最后得出结论。此外还有选图题和猜测词义题。,阅读理解选择题的解题步骤： 1浏览问题，明确要求。在完成每篇阅读理解题前，可先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项，搞清楚阅读这篇文章所要解决的问题的问题是什么，这样有的放矢地 去看文章，思路会更加清晰，反应会更加敏捷 。 2略读全文，了解梗概。在明确了要求后，我们就可以略读全文。力求在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。略读时要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与主题有关的句子。在略读过程中，如碰到未学过的词语或表达法，可根据上、下文去猜测，但要注意切不可因此而放慢阅读速度。 3通篇寻读，猎取信息。通篇寻读，猎取我们所需要的有关信息。较仔细地从上到下搜寻与答题有关的重要信息，做记号，为第四步的“逐渐分析，对号入座”做准备。寻读时可把与答题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于答题有关的内容认真细读。 4逐渐分析，对号入座。逐条分析就是把寻读时所获得的信息与答题的要求配合起来，逐条进行分析，对号入座。一般来讲，问题的设计是根据文章内容从上到下的程序进行的。在这一步骤中，我们可以把表层和中层理解题很快地解决，然后再解决深层理解题。 5复读全文，验证答案。最后再仔细阅读一下全文，进一步加深对文章的理解，核实我们所选定的答案是否正确。,做题注意事项： 1注意标题。通过标题 我们可以想象文章的大致内容，有利于对文章的理解，能提高做题的效率。 2巧猜生词。阅读中遇到生词我们可以利用构词法知识、 根据同位语、定语等说明性词语、上下文的相关信息、前后的、运用常识等等猜测词义。 3提高速度。阅读理解题的题量一般都较大，因此提高阅读速度是非常必要的。为了提高速度，首先要摒弃一些不良的阅读习惯，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，朗读影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。而且一定要注意不要长时间地停留在某个生词上而浪费时间。文中一两处没弄懂的地方暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后你的心情相对放松了，再回头来处理，往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。,【1】The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you will get your words mixed up（混合）and people wont understand you. Sometimes people will say something too fast and you dont understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Dont be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at the mistakes you make. Its better for people to be laughing at your mistakes,than to be angry because they arent able to understand what youre saying. The most important rule for learning English is, “dont be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.” 1. is the most important thing for you to learn a language. A. writing B. reading C. learning grammar D. speaking 2. In learning a language you should . A. speak as quickly as you can B. laugh as often as you can,C. use it as often as you can D. write more than you read 3. When you make a mistake youd better _. A. cry B. be glad C. be angry D. keep the sense of humor 4. Which of the following is true? A. Nobody makes mistakes. B. people should never make mistakes. C. Clever people never make mistakes. D. There is no one who never makes mistakes.,【2】The mascot first came out in the Olympic Games in 1972 in Munich（慕尼黑）. After that it played a very important part in each Olympic Games, so it will be in the Beijing Olympic Games, too. The Mascot for the 29th Olympic Games has been the subject of the discussions since Beijing won the right to hold it. There was a competition for the Mascot of the Beijing Olympic Games. Beijing had received over 600 Mascot designs from all over the world.,The lovely panda, the Monkey King, the golden monkey and the red crowned crane all have been chosen. But its difficult to make a decision because it should not only show the spirit of the Olympic Games, but also the Chinese culture. It should be popular with young and old, men and women. And it should have a market worth that can be easily used in different Olympic things, such as T-shirts, bags, cups, pens and so on. At the same time, it should also look nice on TV, the Internet, mobile phones and anything else,that has something to do with the Olympics. The result came out on November 11, 2005. Beijing surprised the world by choosing five 2008 Olympics Mascots. The doll-like figures represent the Olympic Flames and four of Chinas most popular animals. The design a circle of five children at play. 1. The mascot first came out in the Olympic Games in_. A. London B. New York C. Paris D. Munich,2. The Olympic Games in Munich is the _Olympic Games. A. second B. 19th C. 20th D. 15th 3. Which of the following isnt right about the mascot of the Beijing Olympics? A. It should be popular with the people. B. It must be designed by the Chinese. C. It should show the spirit of the Olympics. D. It can help people know more about China. 4. The word“mascot”