新世纪大学英语综合教程第二册讲义Unit2.doc

第一讲 Unit 2 Learning a Language (Listen and Talk)(讲义)一、教学目的1. Know the definition of a language.2. Understand the importance of learning a foreign language.3. Master the ways of learning a foreign language.二、教学时数 2学时三、教学方法: Discussion四、教学重点：To talk and discuss about why should a foreign language.五、教学难点: Learn a suitable and effective way to learn a foreign language.六、教学内容（详细具体）Step I Lead-in:1) What is language?Language is a system of symbols designed for the purpose of human communication2) What is the function of language?Direction: Rearrange the words and phrases into a logical order.The tongue is not made of steel, yet it cuts. 舌头不是钢，一动把人伤。A good tongue is a good weapon.口齿伶俐，是件利器。A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.外语是人生斗争的武器。 Step II Listen: Why should we learn English:Dialogue1: Listen to the dialogue once and answer the questions.1. How important is English in Yi Lings opinion?English gives her more access to knowledge and job opportunities.2. What type of career is Yi Ling thinking of?To be a businessman, an engineer, or a scientist.Direction: Listen to the dialogue again and check your understanding.Script John: Do you think English is very important to you, Yi Ling?Yi Ling: Definitely!John: In what way?Yi Ling: The biggest thing is that it gives me more access to knowledge. So many materials and resources are in English these days.John: Tell me more about it?Yi Ling: With English we can use more computer software, get more information on the Internet, enjoy foreign movies and TV shows. You see, it makes a big difference.John: What about job opportunities? Can you get a better career if you are good at English here in China?Yi Ling: Definitely. And a better career means a better salary.John: What type of career are you thinking of?Yi Ling: Im not sure yet. Maybe a businessman, maybe an engineer, or who knows? Maybe even a scientist.John: Wow, you have high aspiration（ambition） !Why should we learn English?Think of at least 3 reasons why we should learn English in groups.to learn about some western culture to use for business to talk to native speakers to serve in the Olympics to use in tourism to read English books and surf the internet to listen to English music and moviesSummaryWith the development of globalization（全球化）, English has become an international tool for people to communicate with each other. And we are the future of our homeland, so its our duty to prosper（繁荣） our country; therefore, to master a foreign language becomes a necessity （= It is necessary to master a foreign language）.Share your experience or effective ways of studying EnglishTips:+ keen interest+ confidence+ aggressiveness in study+ strong motive to communicate and express self-feeling+ participation in class-teaching+ trial and error procedure+ unique style of self-studyReferences:1. Cultivate learning interests and practice. (Tell me，I will know it；Teach me，I will understand it；Involve me，I will remember it.)2. Make you obtain certain language points and rejoice in your achievements. 3. Have good learning strategies and develop your learning efficiency.StepV Homework: Preview Text B and recite the new words in Text B. Presentation: How to live a healthy life?Step III Listen: Peoples experiences of learning a foreign language. 1) listen and find out various Language Learning Stylesa. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. b. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types” c. Its unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. d. Most of us are mixtures of styles.2) Focus on the four basic learner “types.” Match Column A, the learner types, with Column B, ways of learning languages.Communicative learners : Watching & listening to native speakers and having conversations.Analytical learners : Studying grammar and finding their own mistakes.Authority-oriented learners : Having teachers explain everything and writing everything down in the notebook.Concrete learners: Playing games, looking at pictures and talking in pairs, etc. Script All right, class. Today were going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner types - the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to learn by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, by talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, its unusual for a person to be exclusively one type rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Step IV Discussion: What are the effective ways of learning a foreign language.Tips:+ keen interest+ confidence+ aggressiveness in study+ strong motive to communicate and express self-feeling+ participation in class-teaching+ trial and error procedure+ unique style of self-studyReferences:1. Cultivate learning interests and practice. (Tell me，I will know it；Teach me，I will understand it；Involve me，I will remember it.)2. Make you obtain certain language points and rejoice in your achievements. 3. Have good learning strategies and develop your learning efficiency.Step V homeworkPreview Text A and recite the new words in Text A.Presentation: What are the appropriate ways for you to learn a foreign language?七、教学反思Will Chinese become a lingua franca in the near future?第二讲 Unit 2 Learning a Language (Read: Text AA Language Teachers Personal Opinion)(讲义)一、教学目的1. Learn some words.2. Understand the difficult sentences.3. Learn to give suggestions of learning a foreign language.二、教学时数 2学时三、教学方法: Discussion四、教学重点： Learn the new words and expressions.personalclaimqualifiedridiculousnaturalargueassumepreciseequivalentvice versalet alonemeansindividualrelevant五、教学难点: The difficult sentences of Text A.六、教学内容（详细具体）Step I. Revision: dictate the new words of Text A.Step II. Skim the text and choose the best heading for each paragraph. 1) Text A has six paragraphs (1-6). Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. List of headingsA. A good method that suits all students does not existB. The behaviorist approach C. Two false attitudes toward English learningD. The role of fellow studentsE. Advertisements often give the false impressionF. The role of interestKey: 1-E 2-A 3-C 4-B 5-F 6-D2) Text organizationPart (para.1-2 )-Discussion on the false impression that learning English is easy and does not need much effort.Part (para.3)-The two extremes concerning the belief of language learning.Part (para.4) -The uselessness of teaching method based on the behaviorist theory.Part (para.5-6)-The useful way of learning a language.Step III. Scan the text and detect the detail information of the text.1) Part ITrue or False1. In order to catch the attention of potential learners, advertisements usually exaggerate the fast pace and great ease of learning English. T2. To be able to read the original works by great writers can be a motivation for people to learn the language of those great writers. T3. People dont believe what advertisements say about language learning at all. F 4. Each individual teacher may have his or her unique way of teaching a language. TSentence rearrangement 1. No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students.2. But it is difficult for anyone to explain in simple language why one method is better than another, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation. 3. It is natural for students to be attracted to methods that will teach them as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possible. 4. Some experts even argue that there are as many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachers, because every teacher is an individual with his own personality.Key: 3-2-4-1Questions and answer Q 1 What do advertisements for English learning always claim? It is easy to learn English; it doesnt take much time; it doesnt take much effort. Q 2 Why do those advertisements also refer to famous writers like William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens? Both they were great writers and are considered ad great masters of the English language. The advertisers intend to use the two British writers to encourage students to join them in learning English so that they will be able to enjoy works by these great writers in the original.Q 3 What is the writers response to such advertisements? Its impossible to learn English well in a short time; many people must believe these ads.SkimmingQ 4 Does the author feel satisfied with the fact that every teacher has his or her own way of teaching English?No. The author recognizes the fact but does not feel happy about it because he thinks simply pointing out the fact does not help students much.If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed. Q 5 What is the authors profession? He must be an English teacher whose job is to train qualified English teachers.Q 6 What is meant by “every teacher is an individual with his own personality”?It means that different teachers have different personalities and, therefore, a teacher may have his or her own way of teaching English.Q 7 If you all feel that your teachers way of teaching is good and acceptable, does it mean that everyone in your class can learn English well enough?No. The reason is simple. Each student is an individual with his or her own personality. That is why the teach should attend to / satisfy / meet the individual needs of his or her students.No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students.Q 8 What can we learn from the expression “This is true to a certain extent, but ”?We can see the author doesnt totally agree with the previous statement.Q 9 Then, what, in the authors opinion, is helpful to students?Students should have some good methods in learning English.2) Part IITrue or false The only way to learn a language well is to go and live in a country where it is spoken. FQuestions and answer Q 1 What are the two extremes concerning the beliefs of language learning? On one hand, some believe that the only way to learn a foreign language is to spend a great deal of time in the target country; on the other hand, some learners claim that they can master a foreign language just by self-study with only the help of dictionaries. Q 2 Could you give some examples to show that “it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa”?One example is that the English word “aunt” may refer to 姑母，姨母，舅母，婶母，伯母，etc. Another case in point is that in Chinese we have “mantou”(馒头）which has no precise equivalent in English, though we can paraphrase it as “steamed bread”. 3) Part IIITrue or false Learning a language is just like how a parrot imitates a human being. FQuestions and answer What would teachers who believe in behaviorist psychology encourage students to do in the language learning context?Behaviorists believe that language learning is a kind of habit formation and they assume that people learn things very much like parrots and chimpanzees. So teachers who believe in behaviorist psychology would ask students to repeat phrases and do mechanical exercises by imitation. 4) (Part IV)Questions and answerQ 1 What is the authors opinion about learning a new language?The author believes that no one can learn a new language well enough unless he or she is interested in it. He also thinks that the way of learning to speak and write in another language is probably similar to the way of learning ones mother tongue.Q 2 What does the writer emphasize towards the end of this essay?He emphasizes the importance of group work in learning a new language.Q 3 Why does the writer repeat the word “real” in the last sentence?He wants to emphasize the idea that language learning should be based on “real situations” in “real life” and the language we learn should be “real language”.5)Summary of the textDirection: Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. (Page 28)Step IV. Learn some new wordsGood Usage （Para. 1）according to these advertisementswith very little effort on the students parta reference to William Shakespeare or Charles DickensI dont know whether to laugh or cryridiculous claimsor else(Para. 2)as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possiblein simple languageit is no use pretendingin every possible situationthere are as many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachersan individual with his own personalityno doubt (that)to a certain extent(Para. 3)have a great advantage over othersafford to dogo to the opposite extremeit is wrong to assume that .a precise equivalentvice versaprovide students with .let alone(Para. 4)is based onare fond of making students repeat phrasesif we were parrotsit is a pity(Para. 5)in my personal opinionunless he is interested in itrelate them to their own livesIt is worth remembering that languageis a means of communication.is very similar to (Para. 6)another relevant point worth mentioningwe need other people to talk to and listen to when Key Words and Expressions for Text Apersonal a. no comp. concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular person; private 无比较级个人的；私人的e.g. 1. Please do not take what I said too seriously; it was just my personal opinion. 2. I dont want to have a hand in his personal affairs. 我不愿意过问他个人的事。CF: personal, private, individual 这些形容词均含“个人的，私人的”之意。personal指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。例如：He learned this lesson the hard way from his own personal experience.private指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。例如：His children go to a private school.individual与“集体的”相对，指“个别”或“个体的”。例如：They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions.claim vt. declare to be true; state, esp. in the face of opposition; maintain(尤指面对反对意见)断言；声称；主张e.g. 1. I dont claim to be an expert, but I did study the subject when I was a university student. 2. They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease. 他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。n. a statement that sth. is true or real, esp. one that other people may disagree with 声称；（尤指他人可能反对的）主张；断言e.g. 1. Janet made a claim at our meeting she wanted to have an office entirely to herself. 2. Though the work is broad in scope, it makes no claim to completeness.尽管该作品涉及面很广，但它并不追求面面俱到。on ones part of or by sb. 在某人一方；就某人而言e.g. 1. It was an error on my part; I do feel sorry about that. 2. A frank question on his part led to a frank answer on mine.他问题提得直率，因此我也回答得坦诚。qualified a.having suitable knowledge or qualifications, esp. for a job 有资格的，适合的，胜任的e.g. 1. What makes you think that you are qualified for this job? 2. He is recognized to be a qualified announcer. 他被认为是合格的播音员。ridiculous a. derog deserving ridicule; silly or unreasonable 贬可笑的；荒谬的e.g. 1. Dont be ridiculous! You cant pay $ 50 for a T-shirt like this. 2. Im glad that ridiculous plan has finally been laid to rest.我很高兴那个可笑的计划终于被取消了。or else otherwise; if not 否则；不然的话e.g. 1. We must be there by six, or else well miss the beginning of the movie. 2. He must be teasing, or else hes mad.他一定是在开玩笑，不然他就是疯了。natural a. of or being what exists or happens ordinarily in the world, not caused, made or controlled by people 自然的，天然的；非人力所为的e.g. 1. Tommy has the natural gifts of a football player. 2. Social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters.自然灾害之后，出现了许多社会问题。CF: normal, ordinary, regular, natural, typical这些形容词均含“规则的，正常的，正规的”之意。normal：指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。ordinary：强调一般性和普通性，含不突出的意味。regular：指已有模式、有规律或定期的。natural：侧重某人或某物的行为符合其固有特性。typical：指个体能体现出群体的特征。its no use doing sth. there is no point in doing sth. because it will not be successful or have a good result 做没用处的，无益的e.g. 1. Its no use arguing with him any more; he is stubborn and would not listen to anyone. 2. Its no use weeping over what cant be helped.对于无能为力的事哭也没用。argue vt. give reasons why one thinks sth. is right or wrong, true or not true, especially persuade people that one is rig