高中英语 Unit2 Cloning Period4课件1 新人教版选修8.ppt

Extensivereading,Thereturnofthedinosaurs?,克隆技术大事记,1938年:德国科学家首次提出克隆想法。1952年:科学家开始用青蛙进行克隆实验。1970年:克隆青蛙实验取得突破,青蛙卵发育成了蝌蚪,但是在开始进食以后死亡。,1981年:科学家进行克隆鼠实验,据称用鼠胚胎细胞培育出了正常的鼠。1984年:第一只胚胎克隆羊诞生。1997年2月24日:英国罗斯林研究所宣布克隆羊培育成功。科学家用取自一只6岁成年羊的乳腺细胞培育成功一只克隆羊。,1998年2月23日:英国PPL医疗公司宣布,该公司克隆出一头牛犊“杰弗逊先生”。1998年7月5日:日本科学家宣布,他们利用成年动物体细胞克隆的两头牛犊诞生。,1998年7月22日:科学家采用一种新克隆技术,用成年鼠的体细胞成功地培育出了第三代共50多只克隆鼠,这是人类第一次用克隆动物克隆出克隆动物。1999年5月31日:美国夏威夷大学的科学家,利用成年体细胞克隆出第一只雄性老鼠。,1999年6月17日:以美藉华人科学家杨向中为首的研究小组利用一头13岁高龄的母牛耳朵上取出的细胞克隆出小牛。2000年1月3日:美国著名华人杨向中,用体外长期培养后的公牛耳皮细胞成功克隆出6头牛犊。,2000年1月:美国科学家宣布克隆猴成功,这只恒河猴被命名“泰特拉”。2000年3月14日:曾参与克隆小羊“多利”的英国PPL公司宣布,他们成功培育出5头克隆猪。,Pleaseenjoysomepicturesaboutdinosaurs.,霸王龙tyrannosaurus,剑龙stegosaurs,角龙ceratopsids,雷龙brontosaurus,翼龙pterodactyl,Answerthefollowingquestions:,1.Whyshouldntyoucloneanextinctanimalifthereisntenoughdiversityinthegroup?2.Whyisitwrongtocloneanextinctanimalifitwouldhavetoliveinazoo?3.WhycantyouclonetheDNAofanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years?,Reading,1.Whyshouldntyoucloneanextinctanimalifthereisntenoughdiversityinthegroup?,Keys:,Therewillnotbeenoughgeneticvariationinthegrouptobeabletoresistnewillnesses.,2.Whyisitwrongtocloneanextinctanimalifitwouldhavetoliveinazoo?,Itisnotagoodideatocloneananimalthatwouldhavetoliveinazoobecauseitisnotasuitablehabitattodevelopandincreaseitsnumbers.Thezooisnotanaturalenvironmentforawildanimal.,3.WhycantyouclonetheDNAofanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years?,TheDNAofanimalsmorethan10,000yearsoldisnotsuitableforcloning,foritcantsurvivesolong.,Thewriterofthetext_A.isexcitedbythepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctanimalsB.believesthatextinctanimalscanbebroughtbacktolifebycloningC.thinksitimpossibleorunsuitabletocloneextinctanimalslikedinosaursD.dreamsofdinosaursreturningtotheearth,主旨大意,2.ThefilmJurassicParkispopularbecause_.A.peopleareinterestedinthesubjectofcloningB.alltheactorsaredinosaursC.itwasdirectedbyascientistwhoclonesdinosaursD.itprovesveryinteresting,细枝末节,A,3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?_Micewereclonedin1981.B.Dollythesheepwasthefirstclonedanimal.C.Thenameoftheclonedcowis“Bison”D.Chinawassuccessfulincloningmammals.,4.ThereasonswhyagroupofclonedanimalsalldieofthesameillnessdoNOTinclude_.A.theyhavethesamearrangementofgenesB.thereisntenoughdiversityinthegroupforittoovercomeillnessesC.theillnessisanewoneD.theirarrangementofgenescannotresistthatnewdisease,5.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_A.scientistsareexperimentingtoclonedinosaursB.dinosaurswillneverreturntotheearthC.clonedanimalswillonlyliveinthezooD.theDNAofdinosaurscanonlysurvive10,000year,推理判断,Trueorfalse.,Scientistsarestillexperimentingwithcloningmammalsbecausetheythinkitcanmakemoney.Theanimalsthathavedisappearedfromtheearth,likedinosaurs,canbebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.Ifwecancloneanyextinctanimals,weshouldletthemliveinazoo.,F,F,F,1.ThepopularityofthefilmJurassicPark,inwhichascientistclonesseveraldifferentkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proveshowinterestedordinarypeopleareinthesubject.,长句难句,电影侏罗纪公园的欢迎证实了普通人对这一话题是多么感兴趣,在该电影中一位科学家克隆了几种不同的恐龙。inwhich引导定语从句,how引导宾语从句。,2.Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthattheanimalsthathavedisappearedfromtheearth,likedinosaurs,canpossiblybebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.人们时常设想从地球上消失的动物,例如恐龙,有可能通过克隆技术使它们复活。,fromtimetotime有时,间或,偶尔,=occasionally,nowandthen。,3.Itisuselesstocloneananimalifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegroupforittoovercomeillnesses.该群中如果没有足够的多样性使它克服疾病,克隆动物就没有用。,当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语。,4.Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.群中的多样性指的是拥有基因排列方式不同的动物。withtheirgenesarrangedindifferentways作定语,indifferentways以不同的方式。,5.butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetotheirchildren.其他的将存活下来并传递给其后代抵抗这种病的能力。,resist作及物动词主要有三个义项:抵抗,对抗;抵挡,防止;(与cannot,couldnot连用)无法抗拒,无法抵挡。,baseon/upon以为基础,依据其结构为:basesth.on/uponsth.isbasedon/upon,6.Basedonwhatweknownow,youcannotcloneanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10000years.据我们现在所知,绝种一万年以上的动物不能克隆。,Maythebestanimalwin!Whichextinctanimalsareworthrestoringbymeansofcloning?Chooseoneandusetheinformationtohelpyouarguewhythisanimalshouldberestoredtotheearth.,Discussion,GreatAuk(1844),Auroch(1627),Dodobird(1755),Quagga(1883),Asampledialogue(P16),S1:Ithinkthedodobirdshouldbereturnedtotheearth.Ithasntbeenextinctverylong.SoitsDNAwillstillbegoodenoughforcloning.S2:Yesandsailorsinthepastalwaysdescribedthedodoasbeingaveryfriendlyanimal.Soitwouldmakeagoodpet.Itwasnttoolargeeither.,Icantseeanyotherextinctanimalsbecomingapet,canyou?S1:No,indeed.1knowitsabirdliketheGreatAukbutneitherofthemcouldfly.Soifyoukepteither,itwouldntescapefromapark,afamilyoritshomeinthewild.Youcouldalsofarmadodo,unlikealltheothers,andproducemanyofthemasexoticpets.,S2:Andwhataboutitslargenutritiouseggs?Justonewouldfeedalargefamily.Sotheresmorethanonereasonforproducingitincommercialnumbers.S1:Didyouknowthatitsmeatisverytastytoo!Perhapsitcouldbefarmedlikeostrichesandprovideagoodsourceofprotein.,S2:Theonlyproblemisthatitneedshotclimatetosurvive.Butthatseasytoprovidewithallitsotheradvantages.Idontthinkanyoftheotheranimalsstandsachanceagainstthedodo.S1:Sowebothagreethatthebestextinctanimaltobeclonedisthedodobird.S2:Yes.,3.Asamplereport(p.17),Thedodoisthemostsuitableanimaltobeclonedforseveralreasons.First,itbecameextinctfairlyrecentlysoitsDNAisstillingoodcondition.Second,itwasalwaysdescribedasbeingaveryfriendlyanimalanditwouldmakeagoodpet.Third,itcannotfly.,Soitwouldntescapefromapark,afamilyoritshomeinthewild.Youcouldfarmadodoandsellitasanexoticpet.Fourt