初中英语全程复习方略语法专项案十非谓语动词译林牛津版.ppt

十、非谓语动词,一、定义不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。二、形式1.动词不定式（todosth.）2.动名词（v.-ing）现在分词（v.-ing)3.分词过去分词（v.-ed或不规则变化）,考点一动词不定式动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。,此外，不定式可以与疑问词连用,用作主语、宾语、表语等。Icantdecidewhichonetobuy.我不能决定该买哪一件。（作宾语）Whentostarthasntbeendiscussed.什么时候开始还没有被讨论。（作主语）,【温馨提示】(1)help后接不定式时可以省略to；(2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have（简记为一感一听三看三让）。上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。,Tomhelpedhisbrother(to)learntoswim.汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。变为被动语态：HisbrotherwashelpedtolearntoswimbyTom.WeoftenhearJacksingEnglishsongs.我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。变为被动语态：JackisoftenheardtosingEnglishsongs.,【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词决心学会有希望（decide,determine,learn,wish,hope）,同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒绝会失败（dare,refuse,fail）,准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供请求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),答应安排理应当（promise,arrange,besupposed）,以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。,考点二动名词动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,【巧学妙记】喜欢（enjoy)不断(keep)提建议（suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)习惯(beusedto)却完毕(finish)想要(feellike)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(canthelp)还介意(mind)后接动词-ingMygrandfatherkepttellingjokesandIcouldnthelplaughing.爷爷不停地讲笑话，我忍不住笑了。,【温馨提示】部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别较大。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事forgettodosth.忘了去做某事（未做）stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事,needdoingsth.需要做某事（被动含义）needtodosth.需要去做某事（主动含义）trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事hear/seesb.doingsth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/seesb.dosth.听见/看见某人做了某事,考点三分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。,2.分词的句法功能,.用所给词的适当形式填空1.（2012安顺中考）Mr.Scottmadealivingby_(sell)oldthings.2.（2011遵义中考）Trusthim!Hehasnodifficulty_(work)outtheproblem.答案：1.selling2.working,3.（2011滨州中考）Davidpreferred_(sell)newspaperstodoinghouseworkwhenhewasyoung.4.（2011兰州中考）Thestudent_（name）WangLinismyexampleinEnglishlearning.5.（2011梧州中考）Davyenjoys_(play)tennisandbaseball.答案：3.d5.playing,.单项选择1.(2012安顺中考)Doyouknowwhethertheman_bythedoorisMr.Smith?Sure.Weveknowneachotherforalongtime.A.standB.standingC.stoodD.stands【解析】选B。standingbythedoor是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行，与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故选B。,2.（2012随州中考）Itsdangerous_withthewildanimal.A.forustoplayB.ofusplayingC.forusplayingD.ofustoplay【解析】选A。Its+adj.+forsb.todosth.意为“做某事对某人”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式toplaywiththewildanimal是真正的主语，故选A。,3.(2012自贡中考)Whenareyougoingtohaveyourhair_?Thisafternoon.A.cutB.tocutC.cutting【解析】选A。havesth.done“让被做”。过去分词作宾语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。,4.（2011山西中考）Driversshouldntbeallowed_afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A.driveB.drivingC.todrive【解析】选C。allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”，其被动语态为sb.beallowedtodosth.“某人被允许做某事”。故选C。,5.（2011重庆中考）Wedontknow_itnext.LetsgoandaskMr.Li.A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whethertodoD.todowhether【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+todo”在此作know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选C。,6.（2011绵阳中考）OurEnglishteacherencouragesus_partinallkindsofafter-classactivities.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.totaking【解析】选A。encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事。,7.（2011江西中考）Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_me.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps【解析】选C。动词不定式短语tohelp作目的状语。,8.(2011济南中考）Thewomanlovesanimalsandshetries_thesehomelessanimals.A.tohurtB.toeatC.tohelpD.tokill【解析】选C。trytodosth.“努力做某事”。句意：这位女士喜欢动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选C。,9.（2011眉山中考）Itsalittlecoldtoday.Wouldyoumind_thewindow?Ofcoursenot.A.notopeningB.nottoopenC.dontopenD.noopening【解析】选A。Wouldyouminddoingsth.?