人教版+高三英语+名词性从句复习课件.ppt

名词性从句,RelatedConception(相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,TheboyisliMing.,主语,表语,Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.,主语,同位语,宾语,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句(TheSubjectClause),宾语从句(TheObjectClause),表语从句(ThePredicativeClause),同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause),请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idontthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),主语从句,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,他星期三来这里是肯定的。,ThathewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.,注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that,他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。,WhetherhewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.,注意：主语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”,主语从句,主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。,Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere.,It+be+形容词that从句,Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat.重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显,It+be+-ed分词that从句,Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntous/allthat.众所周知Itsuniversallyacknowledgedthat.Ithasbeendecidedthat已经决定,用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：,It+be+名词that从句,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat.令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,It+不及物动词that从句,Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,1.Thefactis_shedoesntlikepopmusic.2.Mytroubleis_Idonthaveenoughexperience.3.Thequestionis_hewillbepresentornot.4.Whattroubledhimwas_hecouldgetthemoney.,that,that,whether,whether/where/how,二.Predicativeclause(表语从句),5.Heisabsenttoday.Its_heisseriouslyill.6.Itlooks_itsgoingtorainagain.,because,asif,注意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.4.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.,试区分以下句子,Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?,Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?,Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?,注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。,(表从),(定从),(定从),宾语从句,在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。,我不知道你会来这里。,Idontknow（that）youwillcomehere.,注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。,我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？4)我不知他是否会接受你的提供。,Idontknowwhether/ifhewillcome.,Iwanttoknowwhetherornothewillcome.,Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?,Whetherhewillacceptyouroffer,Idontknow.(不用if),注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与ornot连用；作介词宾语只用whether;引起不定式短语作宾语;宾语从句提到句首；discuss+whether从句；,宾语从句中的否定转移,我认为他不会来这里,Ithinkhewontcomehere.()Idontthinkhewillcomehere.(),注意：如果宾语从句是由think,believe,imagine,expect,Imsure,suppose等词引导时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,同位语从句,在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在idea,suggestion,thought,question,promise,order,belief,word,information,announcement,advice,doubt等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how,when,where等。,他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。,Hegaveherapromisethathewouldcomebackaftertwomonths.,注意一、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。,e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充当任何成分）2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,I.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences说出下列从句的功能：A:Appositive（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）,Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.,B,B,B,注意点二:what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别what引导名词性从句时在从句中1）充当句子成分（主、宾、表）；2）本身有词义。而that1）只起连接作用；2）本身没有词义；3）不在从句中担任成分。1)_yousaidyesterdayisright.(=Allthatyou)2)_sheisstillaliveisapuzzle.,What,That,注意点三:that的省略问题,Hesaid(that)hecouldnttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldntunderstand.Hesaid(that)hecouldnttellyourightawayandyouwouldntunderstand.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,ourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.,3.除了他来自南方之外,我们对他一无所知.Weknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.4.他病倒了使我们很担心.Thathehadfallenillmadeusworried.连接词that不能省略的情况:1)and连接两个宾语从句,that引导的宾语从句放在and后时不能省略.2)that引导的宾语从句作介词but/except的宾语时.3)that引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句以,及that引导的从句放在句首时.4)主句谓语动词与that从句中有插入语时.,Hewillbelievewhateverotherssay.（不能用nomatterwhat代替whatever）Whateverotherssay,hewillbelieveit.（可以用nomatterwhat代替whatever）,规律四：whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however等与nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,nomatterhow的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.,Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.,Myideaisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.,Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that7.Ihave