华盛顿邮报课件.ppt

OURTOPIC:TheWashingtonPost(WP)BYXXXXXXXXX,Part1:Overview,Part2:History,Part3:Achievements,Overview,TheWashingtonPost(WP)isanAmericandailynewspaper.ItisthemostwidelycirculatednewspaperpublishedinWashington,D.C.,andtheoldestextantinthearea,foundedin1877.AnditislocatedinthecapitalcityoftheUnitedStates.ThePostisgenerallyregardedasoneoftheleadingdailyAmericannewspapers,alongwithTheNewYorkTimes,andTheWallStreetJournal.ThePosthasdistinguisheditselfthroughitspoliticalreportingontheworkingsoftheWhiteHouse,Congress,andotheraspectsoftheU.S.government.,Overview,UnliketheTimesandtheJournal,thePostdoesnotprintaneditionfordistributionawayfromtheEastCoast.DailyeditionsareprintedfortheDistrictofColumbia,MarylandandVirginia.Thenewspaperispublishedasabroadsheet,withphotographsprintedbothincolorandinblackandwhite.In2009,thenewspaperceasedpublicationofitsNationalWeeklyEdition,whichcombinedstoriesfromtheweeksprinteditions,duetoshrinkingcirculation.ThemajorityofitsnewsprintreadershipisinDistrictofColumbiaanditssuburbsinMarylandandNorthernVirginia.,More,Dailyeditions,ThenewspapersweekdayandSaturdayprintingsincludethefollowingsections:Mainsection,containingthefrontpage,nationalandinternationalnews,business,politics,andeditorialsandopinionsMetrosection,containinglocalnewsStylesection,withfeaturewritingonpopculture,politics,fineandperformingarts,film,fashion,andgossip,alongwithadvicecolumnsandcomicsSportssectionClassifiedadvertising,SundayeditionslargelyincludetheweekdaysectionsaswellasOutlook(opinion),Arts,Travel,Comics,TVWeek,andtheWashingtonPostMagazine.TheSundayStylesectiondiffersslightlyfromtheweekdayStylesection;itisinatabloidformat,andithousesthereader-writtenhumorcontestTheStyleInvitational.,Sundayeditions,back,Moreaboutit-TheWashingtonPost,Dailynewspaper,TheWashingtonPostCompany,KatharineWeymouth,MartinBaron,approximately740journalists,1877,Type,Owner,Publisher,Editor,Staffwriters,Founded,TheWashingtonPostCompany,2019/12/13,ThenewspaperispartofTheWashingtonPostCompany,adiversifiededucationandmediacompanythatalsoownseducationalservicesproviderKaplan,Inc.,Post-NewsweekStations,CableOne,theonlinemagazineSlate,TheGazetteandSouthernMarylandNewspapers,andTheHerald,adailypaperinEverett,Washington.ThecompanyalsodistributesthefreedailyExpressnewspaperintheD.C.areaandrunsitsownsyndicationserviceforitscolumnistsandcartoonists,TheWashingtonPostWritersGroup.In2011,thecompanyrankedNo470ontheFortune500annuallistofAmericaslargestcorporations.Itdroppedoffthelistin2012.,2019/12/13,Part1:Overview,Part2:History,Part3:Achievements,Foundingandearlyperiod,Meyer-Grahamperiod,Post-Grahamperiod,Aboutitshistory,1877,1880,1889,1903,1916,ThenewspaperwasfoundedbyStilsonHutchins(1838-1912),ItaddedaSundayedition,thusbecomingthecitysfirstnewspapertopublishsevendaysaweek.,In1889,HutchinssoldthenewspapertoFrankHatton,aformerPostmasterGeneral,andBeriahWilkins,aformerDemocraticcongressmanfromOhio.Topromotethenewspaper,thenewownersrequestedtheleaderoftheMarineBand,JohnPhilipSousa,tocomposeamarchforthenewspapersessaycontestawardsceremony.SousacomposedTheWashingtonPost,whichremainsoneofhisbest-knownworks.,In1894WilkinsacquiredHattonsshareofthenewspaperatHattonsdeath.AfterWilkinsdeathin1903,hissonsJohnandRobertranThePostfortwoyearsbeforesellingitin1905toJohnRollMcLean,owneroftheCincinnatiEnquirer.,WhenJohnMcLeandiedin1916,heputthenewspaperintrust,havinglittlefaiththathisplayboysonEdwardNedMcLeancouldmanagehisinheritance.Nedwenttocourtandbrokethetrust,but,underhismanagement,thenewspaperslumpedtowardruin.,Foundingandearlyperiod(1877-1933),1933,1954,1963,1972,2009,Meyer-Grahamperiod(1933-1996),Thenewspaperwaspurchasedinabankruptcyauctionin1933byamemberoftheFederalReservesboardofgovernors,EugeneMeyer,whorestoredthenewspapershealthandreputation.In1946,Meyerwassucceededaspublisherbyhisson-in-lawPhilipGraham.,In1954,thenewspaperconsolidateditspositionbyacquiringandmergingwithitslastmorningrival,theWashingtonTimes-Herald.(ThecombinedpaperwouldofficiallybenamedTheWashingtonPostandTimes-Heralduntil1973,althoughtheTimes-Heraldportionofthemastheadbecamelessandlessprominentafterthe1950s.),AfterPhilGrahamsdeathin1963,controlofTheWashingtonPostCompanypassedtoKatharineGraham(1917-2001),hiswifeandMeyersdaughter.Sheservedaspublisherfrom1969to1979.,In1972,theBookWorldsectionwasintroducedwithPulitzerPrizewinningcriticWilliamMcPhersonasitsfirsteditor.ItfeaturedPulitzerPrizewinningcriticssuchasJonathanYardleyandMichaelDirda,thelatterofwhomestablishedhiscareerasacriticatThePost.,1996,2009,2010,2013,TABFIVE,Post-Grahamperiod(1996-now),In1996,thenewspaperestablishedawebsite.,In2010,thenewspaperciteditslocalfocusasareasonforrunningitsfirst-everfrontpageadvertisement:theCapitalOneadwasbeingruntodrawattentiontotherebrandingofChevyChaseBank,abankCapitalOneboughtin2009.AccordingtothePostsvicepresidentofadvertising,thepageoneadvertisementisaverylocal,useful-information-for-our-readerstypeofcampaign.,In2013,thenewspaperannouncedthatithasplanstostartchargingfrequentusersofitswebsite,withmanyexceptions(suchasforgovernmentemployeesbrowsingfromwork,andforstudentsbrowsingfromschool).AsofMarch2013,pricinghasnotbeendeterminedyet.,In2009,after37years,withgreatreaderoutcriesandprotest,TheWashingtonPostBookWorldasastandaloneinsertwasdiscontinued,thelastissuebeingSunday,February15,2009,alongwithageneralreorganizationofthepaper,suchasplacingtheSundayeditorialsonthebackpageofthemainfrontsection-theOutlooksectionanddistributingsomeotherlocally-orientedop-edlettersandcommentariesinothersections.,Part1:Overview,Part2:History,Part3:Achievements,2019/12/13,Achievements,AsofSeptember2009,itsaverageweekdaycirculationwas582,844,accordingtotheAuditBureauofCirculations,makingitthefifthlargestnewspaperinthecountrybycirculation,behindUSAToday,TheWallStreetJournal,TheNewYorkTimes,andtheLosAngelesTimes.,In2011,thecompanyrankedNo.470ontheFortune500annuallistofAmericaslargestcorporations.,In1899,duringtheSpanishAmericanWar,ThePostprintedCliffordK.BerrymansclassicillustrationRemembertheMaine,whichbecamethebattle-cryforAmericansailorsduringtheWar.In1902,BerrymanpublishedanotherfamouscartooninThePostDrawingtheLineinMississippi.ThiscartoondepictsPresidentTheodoreRooseveltshowingcompassionforasmallbearcubandinspiredNewYorkstoreownerMorrisMichtomtocreatetheteddybear.,2019/12/13,Achievements,Thenewspaperhaswon47PulitzerPrizes.ThisincludessixseparatePulitzersawardedin2008,thesecond-highestnumberevergiventoasinglenewspaperinoneyear.ThePosthasalsoreceived18NiemanFellowshipsand368WhiteHouseNewsPhotographersAssociationawards,amongothers.,2019/12/13,Intheearly1970s,inthebestknownepisodeintherecenthistoryofThePost,reportersBobWoodwardledtheAmericanpresssinvestigationintowhatbecameknownastheWatergatescandal;reportinginthenewspapergreatlycontributedtotheresignationofPresidentRichardNixon.Inyearssince,itsinvestigationshaveledtoincreasedreviewoftheWalterReedArmyMedicalCenter.ThenewspaperisalsoknownasthenamesakeofTheWashingtonPostMarch,whichJohnPhillipSousacomposedin1889whilehewasleadingtheUnitedStatesMarineBand;itbecamethestandardmusictoaccompanythetwo-step,alate19th-centurydancecraze.,Achievements,Watergatescandal,2019/12/13,TheWatergatescandalwasapoliticalscandalthatoccurredintheUnitedStatesinthe1970sasaresultoftheJune17,1972,break-inattheDemocraticNationalCommitteeheadquartersattheWatergateofficecomplexinWashington,D.C.,andtheNixonadministrationsattemptedcover-upofitsinvolvement.ThescandaleventuallyledtotheresignationofRichardNixon,thePresidentoftheUnitedStates,onAugust9,1974theonlyresignationofaU.S.Presidenttodate.Thescandalalsoresultedintheindictment,trial,conviction,andincarcerationofforty-threepersons,dozensofwhomwereNixonstopadministrationoffi