上海牛津英语高中一年级第二单元语法.doc

2016年秋季高中一年级学法指导同步提高班讲课资料（许老师提供）I. Grammar一、 概述根据句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分有Subjective_, Predicate_, Object_, Attribute_, Predicative_, Complement_.二、 具体用法1. SubjectHe cleaned the classroom.2. PredicateThey lived in the countryside3. Object1) Direct ObjectHe offered a suggestion.He offered me a suggestion.He offered a suggestion to me.2) Indirect ObjectHe offered me a suggestion.4. AttributeThe boy on the playground is a new student.The manager has a meeting to attend this afternoon.5. AdverbialGenerally speaking, he speaks English fluently.6. PredicativeMy sister is a nurse.7. Complement1) Subject ComplementThe children was made to cry.2) Object ComplementWe make him our monitor.She kept me waiting outside in the rain.三、 简单的五种基本句型1. SV He studied very hard.2. SVO He studied English.3. SVIOO The boy sent his mother a bunch of flower.4. SVOC The tour guide tried to make us enjoy the trip.5. SVP The weather was pleasant.II. ReadingA. The reason for an alcoholics being a serious troubleB. The bad effect of alcoholismC. Quantity of alcoholD. The present situation of alcoholism in AmericaE. The causes of alcoholismF. The treatment of alcoholism1. _ In the United States alcoholism is the most widespread form of drug abuse, affecting at least 5 million persons. Approximately one third of high-school students in the United States are thought to be problem drinkers. Many already may be alcoholics. Drunk drivers account for one half of all fatal automobile accidents each year in the United States.2. _ Drinking is a leading cause of loss of income and of social and personal problems. Alcoholism also creates many severe physical problems. More than three drinks a day over even a few weeks causes destructive changes in the liver. Changes in the brain and nervous system result in hostile behavior, loss of mental sharpness, and poor judgment.3. _ It has long been thought that alcoholism resulted from a combination of psychological and social factors. Current scientific research suggests that a tendency to abuse alcohol runs in families and that an inherited chemical defect also plays a role. In April 1990 research discovered a rare gene that may increase susceptibility to alcoholism.4. _A family of individual with an alcoholism problem is in serious trouble. The alcoholics main goal is to get something alcoholic to drink. The drinking usually continues until the victim is drunk. Family, work, and friends are of little concern compared to the need for alcohol. Drunkenness inhibits the alcoholics control of normal behavior and depresses the ability to perform even the simplest functions.5. _ Many resources can help, but two absolute rules apply to recovery. An alcoholic must accept the fact that there is a real problem and decide to stop drinking. An alcoholic must also realize that any form or quantity of alcohol is literally poison. Most treatment experts believe that, when in recovery, an alcoholic can never want another drinks, for alcoholism is a lifelong condition. A. Hair has always been a very important part of style. No man or woman can_1_ really fashionable without proper haircut. 2007 is a season influenced by the 60s, maybe thats _2_ crops and bobs are so popular. The fact is that hair is becoming shorter and shorter. The short business cut is _3_ popular with both men and women. This season short hair will be more punk and messy. This sort of hair cut will be a little longer _4_ top and coming to _5_ zero by the ears and back. Short hair is mostly popular_6_ the fact that it takes little upkeep to stay in place or quickly fix on a windy day. Although short hair is very popular, its not the only way to look _7_.The messy or so called ”out of bed” looks is just catching on. _8_ , this purposely messy hairstyle is becoming popular very fast and if you want something new yet very fashionable, _9_ the shaggy(头发蓬乱的) look. This style is obviously longer than the short one. The _10_ for this hairstyle is not to wash your hair every day and do it at night. Once its dry, _11_ your hairstyling products, then _12_, wake up and go. You may need to fuss(忙乱) with it a little, but this is the style and its hot.One _13_ classic and trendy(流行的) hairstyle is the side part. It may have a sexy, rock or punk variation. No matter whats the length of your hair, this style may be _14_ to any other style and in the season of 2007 ,itll definitely look fashionable.Simplicity, good styling and nice coloring are the _15_ for 2007 season. For the first time its so easy to be fashionablejust be simple and a bit messy.1. A. regard B. say C. seem D. look2. A. because B. when C. why D. how3. A. specially B. equally C. greatly D. actually4. A. at B. on C. in D. from5. A. almost B. mostly C. most D. hardly6. A. since B. because C. as D. due to7. A. loyal B. neat C. fashionable D. attractive8. A. Therefore B. however C. Besides D. In addition9. A. try B. manage C. take D. have10. A. reason B. success C. secret D. purpose11. A. wear B. wash C. put D. apply12. A. go to sleep B. fall asleep C. be sleepy D. get to sleeping13. A. more B. another C. the other D. best14. A. belonged B. added C. applied D. compared15. A. advice B. suggestions C. factors D. keys Weight-consciousness For many years, I was convinced that my suffering was due to my size. I believed that when the weight disappeared, it would take old wounds, hurts, and rejections with it. Many weight-conscious people also mistakenly believe that changing their body will fix everything.Perhaps their worst mistake is believing that being thin equals being loved, being special, and beingcherished. We fantasize (幻想) about what it will be like when we reach the long-awaited goal. We work very hard to realize this dream. Then, at last ,we find ourselves there. But we often gain back what we have lost. Even so, we continue to believe that next time it will bedifferent. Next time, we will keep it off. Next time, being thin will finally fulfill its promise of everlastinghappiness, self-worth, and of course, love. It took me a long while to realize that there was something more for me to learn about beauty. Beautystandards vary with cultures. In Samoa, a woman is not considered attractive unless she weighs morethan200 pounds. More importantly, if its happiness that we want, why not put our energy there rather than onthe size of our body? Why not look inside? Many of us strive (努力 ,奋斗 ) hard to change our body,but in vain. We have to find a way to live comfortably inside our body and make friends with others andcherish ourselves. When we change our attitudes toward ourselves, the whole world changes.1. The passage tries to make the readers realize the importance of_.A. the body sizeB. cultural differencesC. the attitude toward lifeD. different beauty standards2. The underlined word everything in the second paragraphmeans_.A. all the problemsB. all the effortsC. the whole worldD. the total truth3. What can be inferred about the author?A. The author is a Samoan.B. The author succeeded in losing weight.C. The author probably got wounded in wars or accidents.D. The author once was troubled by her/his weight.4. According to the author, the common view of those who lost someweight first and gained it back later is that_.A. they feel angry about the regained weightB. they dont care about the regained weightC. they feel optimistic about future plans on weight controlD. they think they should give up their future plans on weight controlFor those who have lonely nights and have trouble falling asleep, he is proving the ideal partner. This is a man who does not snore (打鼾) in bed. And he is happy to wrap a comforting arm around his dearest until morning arrives. He does exist. He is the body-shaped pillow, the latest sleeping aid from Japan. This pillow comes without a head and is filled with foam. Its made by Kameo and has a “body” and a flexible arm that can be curled around its owner. About 1,000 of the pillows have been sold since they went on sale in Japan last year and many buyers say they are pleased with their sleeping companion. “This pillow makes me feel relaxed because I can hold the arm and feel something warm at my side,” said 34-year-old radio DJ Junko Suzuki. But according to Kameo, the pillow is more than just an emotional help for those tired of spending the night alone. And it is shaped, the firm says, to support its partner on both sides to ensure a night of good sleep. The idea is to curl up in between the body and the flexible arm. The head just rests on the pillows “arm muscles”. “My grandmother used to say that there is no more comfortable pillow than another person,” said the firm president, Tomoki Kakehashi. “So I thought that maybe people would want to sleep on a pillow shaped like an arm.” The pillows, on sale only in Japan for the moment, cost 8,500 yen(around US$80) each and come with shirt-or shirt-shaped pillow covers in blue, pink or green.1 Which of the following statements isnt mentioned in the text? A. Many buyers are satisfied with the body-shaped pillow. B. The pillows are sold only in Japan at present. C. The inventor decided to develop new market in the US. D. The idea of body-shaped pillow is from what an old lady said.2. The underlined word in paragraph 3 and 6 “Kameo” may be the name of _. A. a manager B. the firm C. a buyer D. another radio DJ3. The purpose of the passage seems_. A. to introduce the latest sleeping aid, the body-shaped pillow B. to advise people to use the body-shaped pillow C. to tell how the body-shaped pillow is invented D. to tell how the body-shaped pillow works Home assignment1. Madam Curie was known _ a great scientist _ her