高中英语语法虚拟语气ppt课件.ppt

Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气 英语有三种不同的语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 1 陈述语气 TheindicativeMood 陈述事实 提出看法形式有肯定 否定 疑问 感叹句 Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid HaveyoueverbeentoFrance Whatasplendidpalace 2 祈使语气 TheImperativeMood 表请求 邀请 命令 警告或劝告等 Let shaveatalk Don tjumpinthequeue 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 而是一种假设 猜测 怀疑等 在条件从句中或让步状语从句中 一是表示说话人的愿望 要求 命令 建议等 在宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 虚拟语气的概念 一 虚拟语气在条件句中 If 主语 did be动词用were 主语 should would might could do If 主语 haddone 主语 should would might could havedone 1 If 主语 did2 If 主语 wereto do3 If 主语 should do 主语 should wouldmight could do eg IfIhadtime Iwouldattendthemeeting Ifhehadhurried hecouldhavecaughtthetrain IfIweretogoabroad IwouldgotoAmerica 如果我是你 我就会更努力学习 如果我知道他的电话号码的话 我就给他打电话了 如果明天下雨的话 我们会取消比赛 IfIwereyou Iwouldstudyharder IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber Iwouldhavecalledhim Ifitshould weretorain wewouldcalloff cancelthematch Morepractice Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery IfIwonthelottery Iwould IfIhadalotofmoneynow Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld IfIwonthelottery Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar IfIhadalotofmoney Iwouldbuyavilla a Ifthey be here they take youradvice b Iftheworld war burst outagain what happen toourpeopleonearth were wouldtake burst wouldhappen PRACTICE1 Fillintheblanks c Ifthepoliceman benot inthatroom it be verydangerous d IfI be inyourposition I ask fortheteacher shelp werenot couldbe were wouldask Ifhe drive morecarefully he have thecaraccidentyesterday haddriven wouldnothavehad IfI learn howtoswim I be trappedinthisisland hadlearnt wouldnothavebeen a IfTom be morecarefulintheexam he pass italready b Ifyou get upearlier you catch thefirsttrain hadbeen wouldhavepassed hadgot gotten wouldhavecaught PRACTICE2 Fillintheblanks c IfI meet youyesterday we go totheconcerttogether hadmet wouldhavegone Ifhegotupearly hewouldbeontime 假如他来了 我们对他说什么呢 Ifheweretocome whatshouldwesaytohim 假如他看见我 就会认识我 Ifheshouldseeme hewouldknowme a Ifthere be nonaturalresourceanymore we make useofnuclearpower b What happen ifyou getup toolatetomorrow shouldbe shouldmake wouldhappen shouldgetup PRACTICE3 Fillintheblanks c IfRobots control theworldsomeday here be nofriendship weretocontrol wouldbe 真实条件句时态关系条件状从主句一般现在时shall will V原Ifhecomes hewillbringhisviolin a 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的 采用虚拟语气 b 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的 采用陈述语气 Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit A willrainB rainsC rainedD israined 答案B真实条件句主句为将来时 从句用一般现在时 ATTENTION 在真实条件句中 主句不用begoingto表将来 而用shall will wrong Ifyouleavenow youarenevergoingtoregretit correct Ifyouleavenow youwillneverregretit 2 表示真理时 主句谓语动词不用shall will V原 而直接用一般现在时 使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点 当条件状从的动作和主句的动作所发生的时间不一致时 叫做 错综时间条件句动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldbebetternow Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore youwouldbeacollegestudentnow 如果你听我的建议 你现在就会痊愈了 如果你努力学习的话 你现在就会是大学生了 Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful themallwouldnotbeonfirenow 2 if从句中 省略if 将were had should提前 位于句首 形成倒装结构 not不能放在前面 IfIwereatschoolagain Iwouldstudyharder WereIatschoolagain Iwouldstudyharder IfIhadnotseenhimthen Iwouldn thavebeenveryhappy HadInotseenhimthen Iwouldn thavebeenveryhappy Ifitshouldraintomorrow wewouldnotgoclimbing Shoulditraintomorrow wewouldnotgoclimbing 3 含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要 在虚拟语气中通过其它手段来代替条件句 常用介词with without butfor 要不是 连词or but 副词otherwise或inthatcase 如果是那样的话 1 Iwasillthatday Otherwise Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting butIwasbusythen IfIhadn tbeenillthatday Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting 2 Without Butforhishelp wewouldn thavemadesuchgreatprogress Youdidn tletmedrive Ifwe inturn you sotired drove didn tgetdrove wouldn tgetweredriving wouldn tgethaddriven wouldn thavegot itraintomorrow wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge WereB ShouldC WouldD Will Ifyou withGeorgeearlier you soangrynow talked wouldnotbehadtalked wouldnotbewouldtalk wouldnotbehadtalked wouldnothavebeen Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier theriver soseriouslynow isnotpollutedwouldnotbepollutedhadnotbeenpollutedwouldnothavebeenpolluted 2019 12 20 33 可编辑 Withoutelectricity humanbeinglife quitedifferenttoday iswillbewouldhavebeenwouldbe Butforhishelp I shouldnothavesucceededhavenotsucceededdidnotsucceedhadnotsucceeded Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball otherwisehe agoal hadscoredscoredwouldscorewouldhavescored Whydidn tyoubuyit I butIdidn thavethemoney A wouldB wouldhaveC hadhadD hadbought 二 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 1 用于宾语从句 wish后面的宾语从句中 一般用虚拟语气 表示一种不可能实现的愿望 其谓语动词形式为 表现在did were表过去haddone表将来would might could do Iwish that Iwereabird Iwish that Ihadseenthefilmlastnight Iwish that Iwould could mightgo Iwish that he visit ustomorrow Iwish that he visit ustoday Iwishhe visit usyesterday would could mightvisit visited hadvisited 2 用于表示命令 建议 要求等一类词后面的宾语从句 insist 一坚持 order command 二命令 suggest advise propose 三建议 require request demand desire 四要求 Wesuggestedthatthemeeting should beputoff Theyinsistedthattheboy should gowiththem 注意 suggest当表示 暗示 表明 时 insist表示 坚持认为 时 用陈述语气 Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 注意 suggest 表明 暗示陈述语气建议虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe be illandthatshe send tohospitalimmediately Insist 坚持说 坚持认为陈述语气坚持主张 坚持要求虚拟语气Heinsistedthathe notsteal themoneyandinsistedthathe set free was should besent hadn tstolen should beset Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing untilthepeoplearrived A didn ttouchB touchedC betouchedD touch 在suggestion proposal order plan advice idea request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用 should do should可以省略 2 用于表语从句和同位语从句 Myideaisthatwe should thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit Mysuggestionthatwe should haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting should beputoff A 在句型 Itisimportant necessary strange natural thatsb should do我们有必要出去散散步 It snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow 2她这样做是很自然的 It snaturalthatsheshoulddoso 3重要的是我们要照顾好病人 It simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient 3 虚拟语气在在主语从句中 B 在Itisdemanded suggested ordered required thatsb should doItisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan C 在Itisapity ashame nowonderthat Sb should doIt sapitythatyou should missagoodchance Itisstrangethathedidn tcomeyesterday Itisapitythatshecan tsing Itisstrangethatthelazyboy passtheexam A hasB shouldC wouldD might 1 Itis high about timethatsbshoulddo didsth 三 虚拟语气在其他从句中 Itishightimethatyouwent shouldgotoschool 2 Ifonly 要是 该有多好啊 IfonlyIknewtheanswer IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday I mgettingtired it stimewe home A goB aregoingC wentD shouldbegoing 3 wouldrather 从句现在 将来did过去haddone Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday asif asthough 好像 从句与现在相反did were与过去相反haddone与将来相反would could might doHelooksasifhewereanartist Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit 区分evenif though 注意 若表示的确有某种可能 尤指天气 也可不用虚拟语气 Eg Look Thecloudsaregathering Itlooksasifit sgoingtorain Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken 5 evenif eventhough 即使 Evenifhewerehere hecouldnotsolvetheproblem EvenifIhadbeenbusythen Iwouldhavehelpedyou 6 当incase lest forfearthat等引导状语从句时 从句用 should do eg Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby Ishallringyouuplestyou should forgettocome Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould mightrain 在此类情况中 incase引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气 如 eg Takeyourumbrella incaseitrains 四情态动词 havedonecouldhavedone本来可以 mighthavedone本来可能 should oughttohavedone本来应该做 shouldn t oughtnottohavedone本不该做 你本不应该告诉她真相 Youshouldn thavetoldherthetruth needn thavedone本不必做 比较 didn tneedtodo没必要做也没有做 我没必要擦窗户 我兄弟做了Ididn tneedtocleanthewindows Mybrotherdidit wouldhavedone本来会去做 我没有足够的钱 否则我会买那本书的 Ididn thaveenoughmoney otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook Choosethebestanswer Itisstrangethatthelittleboy speaktwoforeignlanguages A couldb canC shouldD would2 Hegaveordersthattheexperiment before5 30pm A befinishedB willfinishC mustbefinished3 He youmorehelp eventhoughhewasverybusy A mighthavegivenB mightgiveC mayhavegiven4 WithouttheleadershipoftheParty there noNewChina A wouldbeB hasbeenC shouldbeD was C A A A 5 HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe there hadbeenB hasbeenC wasD hasgone6 Theyoungmaninsistedthathe nothingwrongand free A did setB haddone shouldbesetC shoulddo besetD haddone mustbeset7 Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor you allrightnow areB wereC wouldbeD wouldhavebeen8 You comeearlier Thebusleftamomentago A wouldB shouldhaveC mayD have B B c A 虚拟语气高考链接 1 Alice whydidn tyoucomeyesterday I butIhadanunexpectedvisitor NMET A hadB wouldC wasgoingtoD did 析 此题A D明显不合上下文 因为乙方没有去 B选项若为wouldhave则成立 可以理解为IwouldhavecomeifIhadn thadanunexpectedvisitor 的简略式 但此处是would 故应排除 只有wasgoingto可得体地表达 我原本打算去的 但是有不速之客造访 这一意思 2 Iftherewerenosubjunctive English mucheasier NMET A willbeB wouldhavebeenC couldhavebeenD wouldbe 析 观察题干 可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 故答案为D 虚拟语气高考链接 3 Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody therules NMET A obeysB obeyC willobeyD wouldobey 析 根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用 should do形式规律 可定正确答案是B 虚拟语气高考链接 4 IwishI youyesterday A seenB didseeC hadseenD weretosee 析 此题表与过去事实相反的原望 答案应为C 5 Withoutelectricityhumanlife quitedifferenttoday NMET A isB willbeC wouldhavebeenD wouldbe 析 without引出一个含蓄条件句 主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 故答案为D 6 Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlookasifit NMET A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken 析 放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的 但实际上并非如此 因此是与现在的事实相反 这时asif从句谓语要用一般过去时 故答案为C 虚拟语气高考链接 7 it foryourhelp Icouldn thavemadeanyprogress A Had notbeenB Should notbeC Did n