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无心外圆砂带磨床控制系统设计【含全套CAD图纸】【答辩毕业资料】

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目  录

摘 要................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract.............................................................Ⅱ

第1章  绪论..........................................................1
1.1 本课题研究的背景..........................................1
       1.2 本课题研究的内容和方法....................................1
       1.3国内外的发展现状...........................................1
       1.31液压传动发展现状..........................................1
       1.3.2 PLC的发展现状...........................................2

第2章 液压传动系统的设计
       2.1液压系统工况的分析.........................................2
       2.1.1 位移循环图L—t..........................................3.
       2.1.2速度循环图v—t...........................................3
       2.2液压缸的设计................................................3
       2.2.1液压缸的负载分析..........................................3
       2.2.2初步确定液压缸的工作压力..................................4
       2.2.3液压缸的尺寸计算..........................................5
       2.2.4 液压缸流量的计算..........................................5
       2.3液压泵的确定与所需功率的计算................................5
       2.4阀类元件的选择..............................................6
       2.5滤油器的选型................................................8
       2.6油箱的设计..................................................8
       2.6.1油箱设计要点 .............................................9
       2.6.2油箱容量计算..............................................9


第 3 章 滚轮电机的选择和调速 ...........................................9
3.1滚轮电机的选型及计算.........................................9
       3.2变频器的选用................................................11
       3.3滚轮电机的调速..............................................12
       3.3.1三相异步的调速方式........................................12
       3.3.2变频器的调速原理..........................................15

第4章  PLC的控制设计..................................................16
       4.1 PLC的特点..................................................16
       4.2 PLC的选型原则..............................................16
       4.3机型的选择.................................................17
       4.4控制要求...................................................17
       4.5电气原理图..................................................18
       4.6I/O端口分配表..........................................20
      4.7电器元件的选型.........................................21
     4.8程序设计与系统流程图...................................23
      4.9程序设及分析...............................................25

第5章  三菱编程软件和仿真软件.........................................29
       5.1三菱编程软件...............................................35
       5.2三菱仿真软件...............................................30
结论...................................................................42
致谢...................................................................43
参考文献...............................................................44



摘要
本文介绍了无心外圆磨床的上下料系统控制的原理和特点,主要是通过PLC控制液压系统实现对工件上料和收料的控制。先根据的已知条件计算并选择液压系统各个元件,如液压泵、电磁阀、流量控制阀等,再设计连接液压回路,形成液压的传动系统。由液压系统的不同控制控制方式、如手动控制和自动控制,选择合适的PLC,编写程序,绘制电气接线图,并在运行过程中不断的调整和优化。而且在整个过程中会有变频器对电机的调速和传感器的检测,这些也有赖于PLC的控制,总之,最后由PLC程序控制液压系统形成一个统一的控制系统整体,达到控制液压系统完成特定的工作行程的目的。
关键词:PLC  液压系统   变频器
             第一章    绪论
1.1 本课题研究的目的和意义

1.2 本课题研究的内容
1.3 国内外研究情况及其发展

     液压系统工况分析
  2.1 位移循环图L—t
  2.2速度循环图v—t
2.3液压缸的负载分析
第三章液压元件的计算和选型
3.1液压缸的设计计算  
3.2液压泵的确定与所需功率的计算
3.3阀类元件的选择
3.4管道的选择
3.5滤油器的选择
3.6油箱的设计
   


内容简介:
文献翻译英文原文:NOVEL METHOD OF REALIZING THE OPTIMAL TRANSMISSIONOF THE CRANK-AND-ROCKER MECHANISM DESIGNAbstract: A novel method of realizing the optimal transmission of the crank-and-rocker mechanism is presented. The optimal combination design is made by finding the related optimal transmission parameters. The diagram of the optimal transmission is drawn. In the diagram, the relation among minimum transmission angle, the coefficient of travel speed variation, the oscillating angle of the rocker and the length of the bars is shown, concisely, conveniently and directly. The method possesses the main characteristic. That it is to achieve the optimal transmission parameters under the transmission angle by directly choosing in the diagram, according to the given requirements. The characteristics of the mechanical transmission can be improved to gain the optimal transmission effect by the method. Especially, the method is simple and convenient in practical use.Keywords:Crank-and-rocker mechanism, Optimal transmission angle, Coefficient of travel speed variationINTRODUCTIONBy conventional method of the crank-and-rocker design, it is very difficult to realize the optimal combination between the various parameters for optimal transmission. The figure-table design method introduced in this paper can help achieve this goal. With given conditions, we can, by only consulting the designing figures and tables, get the relations between every parameter and another of the designed crank-and-rocker mechanism. Thus the optimal transmission can be realized.The concerned designing theory and method, as well as the real cases of its application will be introduced later respectively.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF DIAGRAM FOR OPTIMAL TRANSMISSION DESIGN It is always one of the most important indexes that designers pursue to improve the efficiency and property of the transmission. The crank-and-rocker mechanism is widely used in the mechanical transmission. How to improve work ability and reduce unnecessary power losses is directly related to the coefficient of travel speed variation, the oscillating angle of the rocker and the ratio of the crank and rocker. The reasonable combination of these parameters takes an important effect on the efficiency and property of the mechanism, which mainly indicates in the evaluation of the minimum transmission angle. The aim realizing the optimal transmission of the mechanism is how to find the maximum of the minimum transmission angle. The design parameters are reasonably combined by the method of lessening constraints gradually and optimizing separately. Consequently, the complete constraint field realizing the optimal transmission is established.The following steps are taken in the usual design method. Firstly, the initial values of the length of rocker and the oscillating angle of rocker are given. Then the value of the coefficient of travel speed variation is chosen in the permitted range. Meanwhile, the coordinate of the fixed hinge of crank possibly realized is calculated corresponding to value .1.1 Length of bars of crank and rocker mechanismAs shown in Fig.1, left arc is the permitted field of point . The coordinates of point are chosen by small step from point to point .The coordinates of point are (1) (2)where , the step, is increased by small increment within range(0,). If the smaller the chosen step is, the higher the computational precision will be. is the radius of the design circle. is the distance from to . (3)Calculating the length of arc and , the length of the bars of the mechanism corresponding to point is obtained1,2.1.2 Minimum transmission angle Minimum transmission angle (see Fig.2) is determined by the equations3 (4) (5) (6)where Length of crank(mm) Length of connecting bar(mm)Length of rocker(mm)Length of machine frame(mm)Firstly, we choose minimum comparing with . And then we record all values of greater than or equal to and choose the maximum of them.Secondly, we find the maximum of corresponding to any oscillating angle which is chosen by small step in the permitted range (maximum of is different oscillating angle and the coefficient of travel speed variation ).Finally, we change the length of rocker by small step similarly. Thus we may obtain the maximum of corresponding to the different length of bars, different oscillating angle and the coefficient of travel speed variation .Fig.3 is accomplished from Table for the purpose of diagram design.It is worth pointing out that whatever the length of rocker is evaluated, the location that the maximum of arises is only related to the ratio of the length of rocker and the length of machine frame /, while independent of .2 DESIGN METHOD2.1 Realizing the optimal transmission design given the coefficient of travel speed variation and the maximum oscillating angle of the rockerThe design procedure is as follows.(1) According to given and , taken account to the formula the extreme included angle is found. The corresponding ratio of the length of bars / is obtained consulting Fig.3. (7)(2) Choose the length of rocker according to the work requirement, the length of the machine frame is obtained from the ratio /.(3) Choose the centre of fixed hinge as the vertex arbitrarily, and plot an isosceles triangle, the side of which is equal to the length of rocker (see Fig.4), and . Then plot , draw , and make angle . Thus the point of intersection of and is gained. Finally, draw the circumcircle of triangle .(4) Plot an arc with point as the centre of the circle, as the radius. The arc intersections arc at point . Point is just the centre of the fixed hinge of the crank.Therefore, from the length of the crank (8)and the length of the connecting bar (9)we will obtain the crank and rocker mechanism consisted of , , , and .Thus the optimal transmission property is realized under given conditions.2.2 Realizing the optimal transmission design given the length of the rocker (or the length of the machine frame) and the coefficient of travel speed variationWe take the following steps.(1) The appropriate ratio of the bars / can be chosen according to given . Furthermore, we find the length of machine frame (the length of rocker ).(2) The corresponding oscillating angle of the rocker can be obtained consulting Fig.3. And we calculate the extreme included angle .Then repeat (3) and (4) in section 2.13 DESIGN EXAMPLEThe known conditions are that the coefficient of travel speed variation and maximum oscillating angle . The crankandrocker mechanism realizing the optimal transmission is designed by the diagram solution method presented above.First, with Eq.(7), we can calculate the extreme included angle . Then, we find consulting Fig.3 according to the values of and .If evaluate mm, then we will obtain mm.Next, draw sketch(omitted).As result, the length of bars is mm, mm, mm, mm.The minimum transmission angle is The results obtained by computer are mm, mm, mm, mm.Provided that the figure design is carried under the condition of the Auto CAD circumstances, very precise design results can be achieved.4 CONCLUSIONS A novel approach of diagram solution can realize the optimal transmission of the crank-and-rocker mechanism. The method is simple and convenient in the practical use. In conventional design of mechanism, taking 0.1 mm as the value of effective the precision of the component sizes will be enough.译文:认识曲柄摇臂机构设计的最优传动方法摘要:一种曲柄摇臂机构设计的最优传动的方法被提出。这种优化组合设计被用来找出最优的传递参数。得出最优传递图。在图中,在极小的传动角度之间, 滑移速度变化系数,摇臂的摆动角度和杆的长度被直观地显示。 这是这种方法拥有的主要特征。根据指定的要求,它将传动角度之下的最优传动参数直接地表达在图上。通过这种方法,机械传动的特性能用以获取最优传动效果。特别是, 这种方法是简单和实用的。关键字:曲柄摇臂机构 最优传动角度 滑移速度变化系数0 介绍由曲柄摇臂机构设计的常规方法, 在各种各样的参量之间很难找出优化组合的最优传动。通过本文介绍的图面设计方法可以帮助达到这个目的。在指定的情况下,通过观查设计图面, 我们就能得到每个参量和另外一个曲柄摇臂机构设计之间的联系。由因认识最优传动。具体的设计的理论和方法, 以及它们各自的应用事例将在以下介绍。1 优化传动设计的建立 优化传动的设计一直是设计师改进传输效率和追求产量的最重要的索引的当中一个。曲柄摇臂机构被广泛应用在机械传动中。如何改进工作效率和减少多余的功率损失直接地与滑移速度变化系数,摇臂的摆动角度和曲柄摇臂的比率有关系。这些参数的合理组合采用对机械效率和产量有重要作用, 这些主要体现在极小的传输角度上。认识机械优化传动目的是找到极小的传输角度的最大值。设计参数是适度地减少限制而且分开的合理优化方法的结合。因此,完全限制领域的优化传动建立了。以下步骤被采用在通常的设计方法。 首先,测量出摇臂的长度和摇臂的摆动角度的初始值。 然后滑移速度变化系数的值被定在允许的范围内。 同时,曲柄固定的铰接座标可能被认为是任意值。1.1 曲柄摇臂机构杆的长度由图Fig.1,左弧是点被允许的领域。点的座标的选择从点到点。点的座标是 (1) (2)当,高度,在range(0 ,) 被逐渐增加。如果选的越小,计算精度将越高。 是设计圆的半径。是从到的距离。 (3)计算弧和的长度,机械杆对应于点的长度是obtained1,2 。1.2 极小的传动角度 极小的传动角度 (参见Fig.2) 由equations3确定 (4) (5) (6)由于曲柄的长度(毫米) 连杆的长度(毫米) 摇臂的长度(毫米) 机器的长度(毫米)首先, 我们比较极小值和。 并且我们记录所有的值大于或等于,然后选择他们之间的最大值。第二, 我们发现最
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